HMS Achates (H12)
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

HMS ''Achates'' was an
destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against powerful short range attackers. They were originally developed in ...
built for the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
during the late 1920s. Completed in 1930, she initially served with the
Mediterranean Fleet The British Mediterranean Fleet, also known as the Mediterranean Station, was a formation of the Royal Navy. The Fleet was one of the most prestigious commands in the navy for the majority of its history, defending the vital sea link between t ...
. She was sunk on 31 December 1942 during the
Battle of the Barents Sea The Battle of the Barents Sea was a World War II naval engagement on 31 December 1942 between warships of the German Navy (''Kriegsmarine'') and British ships escorting convoy JW 51B to Kola Inlet in the USSR. The action took place in the Bare ...
.


Design and description

In the mid-1920s, the Royal Navy ordered two destroyers from two different builders, , built by Yarrow, and , built by
Thornycroft Thornycroft was an English vehicle manufacturer which built coaches, buses, and trucks from 1896 until 1977. History In 1896, naval engineer John Isaac Thornycroft formed the Thornycroft Steam Carriage and Van Company which built its firs ...
, incorporating the lessons learned from World War I, as prototypes for future classes. The A-class destroyers were based on ''Amazon'', slightly enlarged and carrying two more
torpedo tube A torpedo tube is a cylindrical device for launching torpedoes. There are two main types of torpedo tube: underwater tubes fitted to submarines and some surface ships, and deck-mounted units (also referred to as torpedo launchers) installed aboa ...
s. They displaced at
standard load The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into wei ...
and at
deep load The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into wei ...
. The ships had an
overall length The overall length (OAL) of an ammunition cartridge is a measurement from the base of the brass shell casing to the tip of the bullet, seated into the brass casing. Cartridge overall length, or "COL", is important to safe functioning of reloads in ...
of , a
beam Beam may refer to: Streams of particles or energy *Light beam, or beam of light, a directional projection of light energy **Laser beam *Particle beam, a stream of charged or neutral particles **Charged particle beam, a spatially localized grou ...
of and a draught of .Whitley, p. 97 ''Acasta'' was powered by a pair of Brown-Curtis geared
steam turbine A steam turbine is a machine that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Its modern manifestation was invented by Charles Parsons in 1884. Fabrication of a modern steam turbin ...
s, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by three
Admiralty 3-drum boiler Three-drum boilers are a class of water-tube boiler used to generate steam, typically to power Steamship, ships. They are compact and of high evaporative power, factors that encourage this use. Other boiler designs may be more efficient, although ...
s. The turbines developed a total of and gave a speed of . During her
sea trial A sea trial is the testing phase of a watercraft (including boats, ships, and submarines). It is also referred to as a " shakedown cruise" by many naval personnel. It is usually the last phase of construction and takes place on open water, and ...
s, she reached a maximum speed of from . The ships carried enough
fuel oil Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil, marine fuel oil (MFO), bun ...
to give them a range of at . The complement of the A-class ships was 134 officers and ratings and increased to 143 by 1940. Their main armament consisted of four QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mk IX guns in single mounts, in two
superfiring Superfiring armament is a naval military building technique in which two (or more) turrets are located in a line, one behind the other, with the second turret located above ("super") the one in front so that the second turret can fire over the ...
pairs in front of the
bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...
and aft of the
superstructure A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. This term is applied to various kinds of physical structures such as buildings, bridges, or ships. Aboard ships and large boats On water craft, the superstruct ...
. For
anti-aircraft Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...
(AA) defence, they had two QF 2-pounder Mk II AA guns mounted on a platform between their
funnels A funnel is a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for guiding liquid or powder into a small opening. Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, aluminium, glass, or plastic. The material used in its construc ...
. The ships were fitted with two above-water quadruple mounts for torpedoes. Carrying the minesweeping paravanes on the
quarterdeck The quarterdeck is a raised deck behind the main mast of a sailing ship. Traditionally it was where the captain commanded his vessel and where the ship's colours were kept. This led to its use as the main ceremonial and reception area on bo ...
limited
depth charge A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon. It is intended to destroy a submarine by being dropped into the water nearby and detonating, subjecting the target to a powerful and destructive Shock factor, hydraulic shock. Most depth ...
chutes to three with two depth charges provided for each chute.March, p. 247 The A-class destroyers were given space for an ASDIC system, but it was not initially fitted.


Modifications

As a result of experience from the Norwegian campaign, the Royal Navy launched a programme of modifying its destroyers by adding high-angle anti-aircraft guns, with the A-class replacing the aft set of torpedo tubes with a single 12 pounder (3-inch (76mm)) gun, with all of the A-class modified by October 1940, although the lack of any fire control equipment meant that the gun was of limited use. Early in the Second World War, a depth charge outfit of 35 charges was carried, but this had increased to 42 charges, which could be dropped in a five-charge pattern, by April 1941.Friedman, pp. 236–237 In late 1941, Y gun (the furthest aft 4.7-inch weapon) was removed to accommodate a heavier depth charge armament, with additional depth charge throwers and rails fitted to allow a ten-charge depth charge pattern to be dropped, with 60 depth charges carried, while A gun (the furthest forward 4.7-inch gun) was replaced by a Hedgehog anti-submarine weapon.


Ship history

''Achates'' was ordered on 6 March 1928, and was
laid down Laying the keel or laying down is the formal recognition of the start of a ship's construction. It is often marked with a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the shipbuilding company and the ultimate owners of the ship. Keel laying is one o ...
on 11 September 1928 at John Brown & Company's
Clydebank Clydebank ( gd, Bruach Chluaidh) is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. Situated on the north bank of the River Clyde, it borders the village of Old Kilpatrick (with Bowling, West Dunbartonshire, Bowling and Milton, West Dunbartonshire, Mil ...
shipyard, launched on 4 October 1929 and completed on 27 March 1930.English, p. 15 Following commissioning, ''Achates'' joined the
3rd Destroyer Flotilla The British 3rd Destroyer Flotilla, also styled as Third Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from 1909 to 1939 and again from 1945 to 1951. History In 1907 the Channel Fleet had a large Channel Flotilla of destroyers in Fe ...
, part of the
Mediterranean Fleet The British Mediterranean Fleet, also known as the Mediterranean Station, was a formation of the Royal Navy. The Fleet was one of the most prestigious commands in the navy for the majority of its history, defending the vital sea link between t ...
.English, p. 18 In early 1931, ''Achates'' accompanied the aircraft carrier on a visit to
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
, Argentina to support a British Empire Trade Exhibition, also visiting
Montevideo Montevideo () is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uruguay, largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of . M ...
and
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
. In October 1931, rioting in
Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...
led to the Royal Navy sending warships to the British protectorate, with ''Achates'', sister ship and the cruisers and ordered to Cyprus from
Crete Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and ...
on 22 October. On 4 April 1932, ''Achates'' and the destroyer collided off
Saint-Tropez , INSEE = 83119 , postal code = 83990 , image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Saint-Tropez-A (Var).svg , image flag=Flag of Saint-Tropez.svg Saint-Tropez (; oc, Sant Tropetz, ; ) is a commune in the Var department and the region of Provence-Al ...
, with ''Active'' requiring repair at
Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
. The ships of the 3rd Flotilla were refitted in British dockyards in the summer of 1932, with ''Achetes'' completing her refit at Devonport in October 1932, before returning to the Mediterranean, leaving for
Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...
on 4 November 1932. The flotilla, including ''Achates'' again left the Mediterranean for home ports on 22 April 1935, with ''Achates'' recommissioning with a new crew at Devonport on 23 July before returning to the Mediterranean later that month, with the flotilla expected to work up and train at Gibraltar for a month before transferring to
Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
. On 13 January 1937, ''Achates'' collected the crew of the Spanish steamer ''Aragon'', which had been seized by the in retaliation against Spanish Republican actions against the German ship ''Palos'', and repatriated ''Aragon''s crew to
Málaga Málaga (, ) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 578,460 in 2020, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most pop ...
. ''Achates'', with the rest of the A-class, which was replaced in the 3rd Flotilla by the ships of the I-class, returned to Britain in March 1937 and was paid off at Devonport. In October 1937, ''Achates'' replaced the destroyer as parent ship of the 1st Anti-Submarine Flotilla based at
Portland Portland most commonly refers to: * Portland, Oregon, the largest city in the state of Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States * Portland, Maine, the largest city in the state of Maine, in the New England region of the northeas ...
. In July 1938, ''Achates'' was relieved by ''Woolston'' as parent ship of the 1st Anti-Submarine Flotilla, and relieved as emergency destroyer at Devonport. By May 1939, ''Achates'' was attached to the 6th Submarine Flotilla, based at Portland.


Second World War

At the start of the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
in September 1939, ''Achates'' joined the
18th Destroyer Flotilla 18 (eighteen) is the natural number following 17 and preceding 19. In mathematics * Eighteen is a composite number, its divisors being 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9. Three of these divisors (3, 6 and 9) add up to 18, hence 18 is a semiperfect number. ...
of
Portsmouth Command The Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, was a senior commander of the Royal Navy for hundreds of years. The commanders-in-chief were based at premises in High Street, Portsmouth from the 1790s until the end of Sir Thomas Williams's tenure, his succe ...
, carrying out anti-submarine patrols and convoy escort duties in the
English Channel The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kana ...
. In July 1940, ''Achates'' joined the
16th Destroyer Flotilla 16 (sixteen) is the natural number following 15 and preceding 17. 16 is a composite number, and a square number, being 42 = 4 × 4. It is the smallest number with exactly five divisors, its proper divisors being , , and . In English speech, ...
, based at
Harwich Harwich is a town in Essex, England, and one of the Haven ports on the North Sea coast. It is in the Tendring district. Nearby places include Felixstowe to the north-east, Ipswich to the north-west, Colchester to the south-west and Clacton-on- ...
, operating on patrol and escort duties in the
North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian S ...
. On 2 August 1940, the
Home Fleet The Home Fleet was a fleet of the Royal Navy that operated from the United Kingdom's territorial waters from 1902 with intervals until 1967. In 1967, it was merged with the Mediterranean Fleet creating the new Western Fleet. Before the First ...
reorganised its destroyer flotillas, with ''Achates'' joining the
12th Destroyer Flotilla The British 12th Destroyer Flotilla, or Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from November 1915 to March 1919 and again from September 1939 to 2 July 1943. History World War One The flotilla was first formed in Nov ...
. In November 1940, ''Achates'' joined the 4th Escort Group. On 2 November 1940, the German submarine attempted an attack on the destroyer , part of the escort for Convoy OB 237, but ''Antelope'' detected the submarine and attacked with depth charges, while sending out an alert which brought up ''Achates''. ''Achates''s sonar was out of service, however, but continued depth charge attacks from ''Antelope'' badly damaged ''U-31'', which surfaced and scuttled herself. ''Achates'' was still a member of the 4th Escort Group on 30 December 1940. She joined the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla, part of the Home Fleet, during 1941.Whitley, p. 98


Battle of the Denmark Strait

On 22 May, just after midnight, ''Achates'' sailed along with the destroyers , , , , and , escorting the
battlecruiser The battlecruiser (also written as battle cruiser or battle-cruiser) was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century. These were similar in displacement, armament and cost to battleships, but differed in form and balance of attr ...
and the battleship to cover the northern approaches against a breakout into the Atlantic by the German battleship and the cruiser . The intention was that the force would watch the Denmark Strait, providing support for the cruisers and . On the evening of 23 May, weather started getting bad, with the destroyers struggling to keep pace with ''Hood'' and ''Prince of Wales''.Kostam, Chapter 9: Duel at Dawn: In Harm's Way At 0203 on the morning of 24 May, the destroyers were ordered to continue to search to the North while the two capital ships turned to the south. At about 0535, the German forces were sighted by ''Hood'', and shortly after, the Germans sighted the British ships. Firing commenced at 0552.Kostam, Chapter 9: Duel at Dawn: Opening Salvos At about 0600, ''Hood'' suffered a massive explosion, sinking the ship within three or four minutes.Kostam, Chapter 10: ''Hood'' Has Blown Up: The Fatal Blow Following the loss of ''Hood'', Admiral Wake-Walker, aboard ''Norfolk'', ordered the destroyers to search for survivors, with the two cruisers continuing to shadow the German ships. The first destroyer, ''Electra'' arrived about two hours after ''Hood'' went under. They were expecting to find many survivors, and rigged scrambling nets and heaving lines, and placed life belts on the deck where they could be quickly thrown in, but only three survivors were found. ''Electra'' rescued these survivors, and continued searching. No more were found, only driftwood, debris, and a desk drawer filled with documents. After several hours searching, they left the area.


Kirkenes to Torch

On 23 July 1941, while the task force to take part in a carrier raid on
Kirkenes Kirkenes (; ; Skolt Sami: ''Ǩeârkknjargg;'' fi, Kirkkoniemi; ; russian: Киркенес) is a List of towns and cities in Norway, town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town ...
and
Petsamo Petsamo may refer to: * Petsamo Province, a province of Finland from 1921 to 1922 * Petsamo, Tampere, a district in Tampere, Finland * Pechengsky District, Russia, formerly known as Petsamo * Pechenga (urban-type settlement), Murmansk Oblast, Russi ...
was assembling off Iceland, ''Achates'' struck a British mine and was severely damaged, blowing off the destroyer's bow, including "A" gun, and killing 63 of her crew and injuring 25 more. ''Achates'' was towed to Seyðisfjörður by ''Anthony'' and after temporary repairs, left Iceland under the tow of the tug ''Assurance'' on 7 August, but a storm on 10 August caused further damage, with longitudinal members fracturing and cracking of upper deck plating, and the ships had to put into Skaglefjord in the
Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...
, where further temporary repairs were made. ''Achates'' eventually reached the Tyne on 24 August 1941. ''Achates'' remained under repair for eight months before recommissioning. On 23 May 1942, ''Achates'' joined Arctic convoy
PQ 16 Convoy PQ 16 (21–30 May 1942) was an Arctic convoy of British, United States and Allied ships from Iceland to Murmansk and Archangelsk in the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The convoy was the largest yet and was provided with a consi ...
, remaining with the convoy until 30 May, when the convoy had reached Russian waters with the loss of seven out of 36 merchant ships. ''Achates'' returned to British waters as part of the westbound convoy QP 13, which left Arkhangelsk on 26 June. ''Achates'' remained with the convoy until 7 July 1942. In September 1942, ''Achates'' formed part of the Ocean Escort for Arctic
Convoy PQ 18 Convoy PQ 18 was an Arctic convoy of forty Allied freighters from Scotland and Iceland to Arkhangelsk in the Soviet Union in the war against Nazi Germany. The convoy departed Loch Ewe, Scotland on 2 September 1942, rendezvoused with more ships an ...
, joining on 7 September and remaining with it until the convoy reached Arkhangelsk on 21 September. In total, 13 merchant ships were sunk by German submarines and air attacks, with the convoy's escort sinking three submarines. In November 1942, ''Achates'' took part in
Operation Torch Operation Torch (8 November 1942 – Run for Tunis, 16 November 1942) was an Allies of World War II, Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War. Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of secu ...
, the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa. She formed part of an assault convoy, and was then detached to escort aircraft carriers during the landings at
Oran Oran ( ar, وَهران, Wahrān) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria. It is considered the second most important city of Algeria after the capital Algiers, due to its population and commercial, industrial, and cultural ...
,
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
. On 8 November 1942, while deployed off Oran, ''Achates'' detected, and attacked a
Vichy Vichy (, ; ; oc, Vichèi, link=no, ) is a city in the Allier Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France, in the historic province of Bourbonnais. It is a Spa town, spa and resort town and in World ...
French submarine, which had sortied to contest the Allied landings in the area. ''Achates'' attack saw the rise of oil to the surface of the sea and huge air bubbles, as well as debris from both inside, and outside the submarine. Two submarines were sunk by ''Achates'' and the destroyer off Oran that day, and .Blair ''Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted, 1942–1945'', p. 92


Battle of the Barents Sea

On 25 December 1942, ''Achates'' joined the escort of
Convoy JW 51B Convoy JW 51B was an Arctic convoy sent from United Kingdom by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II. It sailed in late December 1942, reaching the Soviet northern ports in early January 1943. JW 51B came under attack b ...
en route from Loch Ewe to
Murmansk Murmansk (Russian: ''Мурманск'' lit. "Norwegian coast"; Finnish: ''Murmansk'', sometimes ''Muurmanski'', previously ''Muurmanni''; Norwegian: ''Norskekysten;'' Northern Sámi: ''Murmánska;'' Kildin Sámi: ''Мурман ланнҍ'') i ...
. On 31 December 1942, the convoy was attacked by the German heavy cruisers and ''Lützow'' together with six large destroyers in the
Battle of the Barents Sea The Battle of the Barents Sea was a World War II naval engagement on 31 December 1942 between warships of the German Navy (''Kriegsmarine'') and British ships escorting convoy JW 51B to Kola Inlet in the USSR. The action took place in the Bare ...
. The German plan was to divide the attacking force, with ''Hipper'' and three destroyers attacking the convoy from the northwest, drawing the escort off, so that ''Lützow'' could attack the convoy unhindered from the south. When the German attack began at about 9:15 hr, ''Achates'', following standing orders, positioned herself to lay smoke screens to obscure the convoy from attacking forces while the more modern destroyers of the escort would intercept the enemy force. ''Achates'' was damaged by a near-miss from ''Hipper'' early in the action, with shell splinters causing flooding, but the destroyer continued to lay smoke. At 11:15 hr ''Achates'' was ordered to join the badly damaged , but as she pulled clear of her own smoke screen, was spotted by ''Hipper'' and badly hit, killing 40 men, including ''Achates'' commanding officer, Lieutenant-Commander A. H. T. Johns, and causing increased flooding. Command was assumed by the destroyer's second in command,
Lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often sub ...
Loftus Peyon-Jones. Despite the damage, ''Achates'' continued to lay smoke to protect the convoy, while flooding and the resultant list gradually increased. At about 13:00 hr, power was lost, and ''Achates'' signalled the trawler to come to her assistance. However, at 13:30 hr, as ''Northern Gem'' approached, ''Achates'' suddenly capsized. ''Northern Gem'' rescued 81 of ''Achates'' crew, one of whom later died on the trawler.Kemp, p. 205 A total of 113 of ''Achates'' crew were killed. Despite being heavily outgunned the escort, under the command of Captain R. St. Vincent Sherbrooke, VC, held off the attacks until the covering cruisers and came to the escort's aid. ''Sheffield'' damaged ''Hipper'' and sank the German destroyer , causing the Germans to break off the attack. No merchant ships were sunk. Peyton-Jones was awarded the
Distinguished Service Order The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, as well as formerly of other parts of the Commonwealth, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typ ...
for his role in the battle, with other awards to ''Achates'' crew including a Conspicuous Gallantry Medal, a
Distinguished Service Cross The Distinguished Service Cross (D.S.C.) is a military decoration for courage. Different versions exist for different countries. *Distinguished Service Cross (Australia) *Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom) *Distinguished Service Cross (U ...
and seven Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)s. Sixteen men were
Mentioned in dispatches To be mentioned in dispatches (or despatches, MiD) describes a member of the armed forces whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which their gallant or meritorious action in the face ...
, eleven, including Johns,
posthumously Posthumous may refer to: * Posthumous award - an award, prize or medal granted after the recipient's death * Posthumous publication – material published after the author's death * ''Posthumous'' (album), by Warne Marsh, 1987 * ''Posthumous'' (E ...
.Pope, pp. 310–311


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


External links


''Coxswain in the Northern Convoys''
by S.A. Kerslake; an ex-fisherman's account o

and the sinking of the ''Achates''

by Rob Jerrard
''The Last Commission of HMS Achates''
by H.J.Scott-Douglas; on the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board ex ...
"WW2 People's War" Archive
Obituary: Commander Loftus Peyton-Jones
Daily Telegraph Daily or The Daily may refer to: Journalism * Daily newspaper, newspaper issued on five to seven day of most weeks * ''The Daily'' (podcast), a podcast by ''The New York Times'' * ''The Daily'' (News Corporation), a defunct US-based iPad new ...
9 January 2001
HMS ''Achates'' (Clydebuilt Ships Database)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Achates (H12) A- and B-class destroyers 1929 ships World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom Shipwrecks in the Barents Sea World War II shipwrecks in the Arctic Ocean Maritime incidents in December 1942 Ships built on the River Clyde