H. J. Massingham
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Harold John Massingham (25 March 1888 – 22 August 1952) was a prolific British writer on ruralism, matters to do with the countryside and agriculture. He was also a published poet.


Life

Massingham was the son of the journalist
H. W. Massingham Henry William Massingham (25 May 1860 – 27 August 1924) was an English journalist, editor of ''The Nation'' from 1907 to 1923. In his time it was considered the leading British Radical weekly. Life He joined London paper ''The S ...
. He was brought up in London, and educated at Westminster School and Queen's College, Oxford. He failed to graduate from Oxford, because of bad health. He then became a journalist in London. He worked for the ''Morning Leader'', '' Athenaeum'', and the ''Nation'', and knew
D. H. Lawrence David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer, novelist, poet and essayist. His works reflect on modernity, industrialization, sexuality, emotional health, vitality, spontaneity and instinct. His best-k ...
. In the 1920s he became a research assistant for two anthropologists from University College, London, and an interest in archeology and anthropology, which proved lifelong, led to the publication of ''Downland Man'' (1926) and a number of other works. He worked on a research project whose aim was to show that all megalithic culture in England had spread from Egypt. By 1932 Massingham began to write more and more on country life, and the first of a long series of such books, possibly his best-known, was ''Wold Without End'' (1932), reflecting his experiences living in Chipping Campden in the
Cotswolds The Cotswolds (, ) is a region in central-southwest England, along a range of rolling hills that rise from the meadows of the upper Thames to an escarpment above the Severn Valley and Evesham Vale. The area is defined by the bedrock of Jur ...
. A serious accident happened in 1937, when he injured his leg, leading to a two-year period of regular hospital visits, at the end of which he hurt the same leg again, and it had to be amputated. He was forced to stop travelling as frequently as he had been doing and settled down to writing some thirty more books. He was strongly influenced by the writings of Gilbert White and edited selections of White's writings. He was one of a group of
ruralist Agrarianism is a political and social philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, smallholdings, and egalitarianism, with agrarian political parties normally supporting the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants aga ...
British writers of the period; Massingham's friend Adrian Bell, a farmer in
Suffolk Suffolk () is a ceremonial county of England in East Anglia. It borders Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south; the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowes ...
, was another prominent writer, and John Musty suggests that Massingham may have had a hand in getting Bell published. They have attracted subsequent attention both as precursors to later developments, such as organic farming, and because of their political entanglements in the 1930s (for example, Henry Williamson was a supporter of Oswald Mosley). Massingham himself wrote in a vein compatible with the Social Credit and distributist ideas current at the time, as in his 1943 ''The Tree of Life''. He was one of the twelve members of the
Kinship in Husbandry Henry Rolf Gardiner (5 November 1902 – 26 November 1971) was an English rural revivalist, helping to bring back folk dance styles including Morris dancing and sword dancing. He founded groups significant in the British history of organic far ...
, set up in 1941 by Rolf Gardiner, a society dedicated to countryside revival in a post-war world. According to academics Richard Moore-Colyer and Philip Conford, Massingham was uncomfortable with what he felt was a pro-German tendency in this group. When the Kinship later merged with two other bodies to form the Soil Association, Massingham with Gardiner, the landowner
Lord Portsmouth Earl of Portsmouth is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1743 for John Wallop, 1st Viscount Lymington, who had previously represented Hampshire in the House of Commons. He had already been created Baron Wallop, of Fa ...
and the agricultural journalist Lawrence Easterbrook came onto the Soil Association's Council. After Massingham's death his collection of tools, implements and products of craftsmanship and husbandry were donated to the Museum of English Rural Life. Many of the objects appear in his book "Country Relics".


Works

*''Letters to X from H.J. Massingham'' (1919) Constable & Co. *''Dogs, Birds, and Others'' (1921), letters to The Spectator, editor *''Some Birds of the Countryside: The Art Of Nature'' (1921) *"John Clare". ''The Athenaeum'', 4732 (7 January 1921): 9–10. *''Poems About Birds from the Middle Ages to the Present Day'' (1922), editor *''Andrew Marvell 1621–1678 Tercentenary Tributes'' (1922) co-editor *''Untrodden Ways – Adventures of English Coasts, Heaths and Marshes and Also Among the Works of Hudson, Crabbe and Other Country Writers'' (1923) *''Sanctuaries for Birds and How to Make Them'' (1924) *''In Praise of England'' (1924), miscellany *''H. W. M.: A Selection From the Writings of H. W. Massingham'' (1925), editor *''Downland Man'' (1926) *''Fee, Fi, Fo, Fum: The Giants in England'' (1926) *''The Golden Age: The Story of Human Nature'' (1927) *''The Heritage of Man'' (1929) *''Guide to the Cotswolds'', with Clough Williams-Ellis, and others *''Pre-Roman Britain'' (1930) *''The Friend of Shelley: A Memoir of
Edward John Trelawny Edward John Trelawny (13 November 179213 August 1881) was a British biographer, novelist and adventurer who is best known for his friendship with the Romantic poets Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron. Trelawny was born in England to a family ...
'' (1930) *''A Treasury of seventeenth Century English Verse'' (1931) editor *''Birds of the Seashore'' (1931) *''Wold Without End'' (1932) *''London Scene'' (1933) *''The Great Victorians'' (1932), with Hugh Massingham *''English Country: Fifteen Essays by Various Authors'' (1934) editor, with
H. E. Bates Herbert Ernest Bates (16 May 1905 – 29 January 1974), better known as H. E. Bates, was an English writer. His best-known works include ''Love for Lydia'', '' The Darling Buds of May'', and '' My Uncle Silas''. Early life H.E. Bates was ...
,
Edmund Blunden Edmund Charles Blunden (1 November 1896 – 20 January 1974) was an English poet, author, and critic. Like his friend Siegfried Sassoon, he wrote of his experiences in World War I in both verse and prose. For most of his career, Blunden was als ...
,
W. H. Davies William Henry Davies (3 July 1871 – 26 September 1940) was a Welsh poet and writer, who spent much of his life as a tramp or hobo in the United Kingdom and the United States, yet became one of the most popular poets of his time. His themes inc ...
, Vita Sackville-West, A. G. Street,
John Collier John Collier may refer to: Arts and entertainment *John Collier (caricaturist) (1708–1786), English caricaturist and satirical poet *John Payne Collier (1789–1883), English Shakespearian critic and forger *John Collier (painter) (1850–1934), ...
*''Country'' (1934), illustrated with photographs by
Edgar Ward Edgar is a commonly used English given name, from an Anglo-Saxon name ''Eadgar'' (composed of '' ead'' "rich, prosperous" and ''gar'' "spear"). Like most Anglo-Saxon names, it fell out of use by the later medieval period; it was, however, rev ...
*''World Without End'' (1935) *''Through the Wilderness'' (1935) *''English Downland'' (1936) *''The Genius of England'' (1937) *''The Writings of Gilbert White of Selborne'' (Nonesuch Press, 1938), editor, two volumes with engravings by
Eric Ravilious Eric William Ravilious (22 July 1903 – 2 September 1942) was a British painter, designer, book illustrator and wood-engraver. He grew up in Sussex, and is particularly known for his watercolours of the South Downs and other English landsca ...
*''Britain and the Beast'' (1937), essay volume with A. G. Street,
J. M. Keynes John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originally trained in ...
, John Moore, E. M. Forster, Clough Williams-Ellis *''Shepherd's Country: a Record of the Crafts and People of the Hills'' (1938) *''Country Relics'' (1939) *''A Countryman's Journal'' (1939) *''The English Countryside'' (1939), editor, with Adrian Bell,
Harry Batsford Harry may refer to: TV shows * ''Harry'' (American TV series), a 1987 American comedy series starring Alan Arkin * ''Harry'' (British TV series), a 1993 BBC drama that ran for two seasons * ''Harry'' (talk show), a 2016 American daytime talk show ...
,
H. E. Bates Herbert Ernest Bates (16 May 1905 – 29 January 1974), better known as H. E. Bates, was an English writer. His best-known works include ''Love for Lydia'', '' The Darling Buds of May'', and '' My Uncle Silas''. Early life H.E. Bates was ...
. Batsford, Harry; Fry, Charles; Clark, Geoffrey; Warren, C. Henry; Bozman, E. F.; Bell, Adrian; Fairfax- Blakeborough, J) *''The Sweet of the Year; March–April, May–June'' (1939) *''Chiltern Country'' (1940) *''Cotswold Country'' (1941) *''Remembrance, an autobiography'' (1941) with Paul Nash *''The Fall of the Year'' (1941) *''England and the Farmer a symposium'' (1941), editor, Viscount Lymington, Sir Albert Howard, C. Henry Warren, Adrian Bell, Rolf Gardiner, L. J. Picton and Sir
George Stapledon Sir Reginald George Stapledon FRS (22 September 1882 – 16 September 1960) was an English grassland scientist and pioneer environmentalist. Early life The sixth of the seven children born to shipping agent William Stapledon and Mary Clibbert (da ...
. *''Field Fellowship'' (1942) *''The English Countryman: a Study of the English Tradition'' (1942) *''Men of Earth'' (1943) *''Tree of Life'' (1943) *''This Plot of Earth: A Gardener's Chronicle'' (1944) *''The Wisdom of the Fields'' (1945) *''Where Man Belongs: Rural Influence On Literature'' (1946) *''The Natural Order – Essays in the Return to Husbandry'' (1946) (editor, with Philip Mairet,
Lord Northbourne Baron Northbourne, of Betteshanger in the County of Kent, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1884 for Sir Walter James, 2nd Baronet, who had earlier represented Kingston upon Hull in the House of Commons as a Con ...
, the Earl of Portsmouth (Illustrated by
Thomas Hennell Thomas Hennell (16 April 1903 – 1945) was a British artist and writer who specialised in illustrations and essays on the subject of the British countryside. He was an official war artist during the Second World War and was killed while ser ...
) *''The Small Farmer A Survey By Various Hands'' (1947), editor *''The Countryside and How to Enjoy it'' (1948) *''An Englishman's Year'' (1948) *''The Best Days'' (1949) *''The Curious Traveller'' (1950)Detail from a book published by Collins London in 1950 *''The Faith of a Fieldsman'' (1951) *''Shakespeare Country, The, Including the Peak and the Cotswolds'' (1951) *''The Southern Marches'' (1952) ;Published posthumously *''Prophesy of Famine: a Warning and the Remedy'' (1953), with
Edward Hyams Edward Solomon Hyams (30 September 1910 – 25 November 1975) was a British gardener and horticulturalist, historian, novelist and writer, and anarchist. He is known for his writings as a French scholar and socialist historian, and as a gardene ...
*''The Essential Gilbert White of Selborne'' (1983), editor, selected by Mark Daniel *''Fifteen Poems'' ( Hayloft Press, 1987) *''A Mirror of England: an anthology of the Writings of H. J. Massingham (1882–1952)'', edited by
Edward Abelson Edward is an English language, English given name. It is derived from the Old English, Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements ''wikt:ead#Old English, ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and ''wikt:weard#Old English, weard'' "gua ...
(1988)


References


Further reading

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External links


Abstract on Kinship of Husbandry
{{DEFAULTSORT:Massingham, H. J. 1888 births 1952 deaths 20th-century English male writers 20th-century English poets English nature writers English male non-fiction writers English male poets English non-fiction writers Organic farmers