, also known as Horyaku, was a after ''
Kan'en'' and before ''
Meiwa
was a after '' Hōreki'' and before '' An'ei.'' This period spanned the years from June 1764 through November 1772. The reigning empress and emperor were and .
Change of era
* 1764 : The era name became ''Meiwa'' (meaning "Bright Harmony") b ...
''. The period spanned the years from October 1751 through June 1764. The reigning emperor and empress were and .
[Titsingh, Isaac. (1834]
''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 418.
/ref>
Change of era
* 1751 : The new era of ''Hōreki'' (meaning "Valuable Calendar" or "Valuable Almanac") was said to have been created to mark the death of the retired Emperor Sakuramachi
was the 115th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 桜町天皇 (115)/ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', p. 119. Sakuramachi's birth name w ...
and the death of the former ''shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamaku ...
'' Tokugawa Yoshimune
was the eighth '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Lineage
Yoshi ...
.
The previous era could be said to have ended and the new era is understood to have commenced in ''Kan'en'' 4, on the 27th day of the 10th month; however, this ''nengō'' was promulgated retroactively. The ''Keikō Kimon'' records that the calendar was amended by Imperial command, and the era was renamed Hōreki on December 2, 1754, which then would have become 19th day of the 10th month of the 4th year of Hōreki.
Events of the ''Hōreki'' era
* 1752 (''Hōreki 2''): An ambassador arrived from the Ryūkyū Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom, Middle Chinese: , , Classical Chinese: (), Historical English names: ''Lew Chew'', ''Lewchew'', ''Luchu'', and ''Loochoo'', Historical French name: ''Liou-tchou'', Historical Dutch name: ''Lioe-kioe'' was a kingdom in t ...
.kuge
The was a Japanese aristocratic class that dominated the Japanese Imperial Court in Kyoto. The ''kuge'' were important from the establishment of Kyoto as the capital during the Heian period in the late 8th century until the rise of the Kamak ...
who favored a restoration of Imperial power; and this was construed as a threat by the shogunate.[Ponsonby-Fane, ''Imperial House,'' p. 119.]
* 1760 (''Hōreki 10''): Shogun Ieshige resigns and his son, Ieharu, becomes the 10th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
.[Titsingh]
p. 419.
/ref>
* 1762 (''Hōreki 12''): The Emperor Momozono
was the 116th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 桃園天皇 (115)/ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', pp. 119–120. Momozono's reign sp ...
abdicated in favor of his sister;Edo
Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo.
Edo, formerly a ''jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...
.[Hall, John. (1988). ''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. xxiii.]
* 1764 (''Hōreki 14''): Sweet potato
The sweet potato or sweetpotato ('' Ipomoea batatas'') is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a root vegetable. The young ...
es are exported from Edo to Korea. The food crop in Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic ...
is the result of a diplomatic mission.[Kim, Jinwung. (2012)]
''A History of Korea: From 'Land of the Morning Calm' to States in Conflict,'' p. 255
Notes
References
* Hall, John Whitney. (1988). ''Early Modern Japan'' ('' The Cambridge History of Japan'', Vol. 4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press in the world. It is also the King's Printer.
Cambridge University Pr ...
.
OCLC 489633115
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...
.
OCLC 48943301
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869.'' Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial
OCLC 36644
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
, ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings.
According to the 1871 edition of the '' American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...
''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
External links
* National Diet Library
The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to ...
, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
* National Archives of Japa
...Clink link for map of Ogasawara Islands drawn in 2nd year of ''Horeki'' (1752)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Horeki
Japanese eras
1750s in Japan
1760s in Japan