Gustave Chouquet by F Lacour - Gallica (adjusted)

Gustave Chouquet (16 April 1819 – 30 January 1886)Grove & Charlton 2001. was a French

music historian Music history, sometimes called historical musicology, is a highly diverse subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies music from a historical point of view. In theory, "music history" could refer to the study of the history ...

, music critic, and teacher of French.

Early life and career

Born Adolphe-Gustave Chouquet in

Le Havre Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very ...

, he spent six years in Paris studying at the Massin Institute, but devoted almost all his spare time to studying voice and piano and attending concerts at the

Paris Conservatory The Conservatoire de Paris (), also known as the Paris Conservatory, is a college of music and dance founded in 1795. Officially known as the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris (CNSMDP), it is situated in the avenue ...

. In 1836, after receiving his degree ('' bachelier ès lettres''), he returned to Le Havre, where his father was a banker. The latter lost his fortune in creating a railroad company (from Paris to the sea), and in 1840 the family moved to the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

. Gustave produced his first essays of music criticism in New York.Fétis, "Chouquet (Adolphe-Gustave)", 1978
vol. 1, pp. 181–182
He was also a professor of French literature and history and published several textbooks of French language instruction. After sixteen years devoted to education, a respiratory ailment caused him to move back to France, where he spent several winters in the warm climate of

Le Midi Southern France, also known as the South of France or colloquially in French as , is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, ''Le midi atlantique'', A ...

. By 1860 he was permanently in Paris.

In Paris

In Paris Chouquet became a music journalist, writing articles for ''La France musicale'' and ''L'Art musicale'', and occasionally contributed to ''

Le Ménestrel ''Le Ménestrel'' (The Minstrel) was an influential French music journal published weekly from 1833 until 1940. It was founded by Joseph-Hippolyte l'Henry and originally printed by Poussièlgue. In 1840 it was acquired by the music publishers Heug ...

''. He also became well known as the author of a great number of texts for songs ('' romances''), cantatas, choral scenes and pieces for amateur performance, including the words for the cantata ''David Rizzio'' (the examination piece for the 1863

Prix de Rome The Prix de Rome () or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them t ...

in Music with the Grand Prize awarded to Jules Massenet), the cantata ''Paris en 1867'' (written for the Exposition Universelle of 1867, set to music by Laurent de Rillé and performed at the Opéra-Comique on 15 August 1867), and the words for the ''Hymne à la Paix'' ("Hymn to Peace") which won the poetry prize at that year's Exposition Universelle but which was never set to music. Chouquet participated in a contest held by the

Académie des Beaux-Arts An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, ...

, winning the Bordin prize in 1864 for his ''Histoire de la musique depuis le XIVe siècle jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle'' ("History of Music from the 14th Century to the end of the 18th Century"), which was never published (according to

Arthur Pougin Arthur Pougin ( 6 August 1834 – 8 August 1921) was a French musical and dramatic critic and writer. He was born at Châteauroux (Indre) and studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris under Alard (violin) and Reber (harmony). In 1855 he becam ...

in 1878). Chouquet was awarded the prize a second time in 1868 for his history of French opera, which was published in 1873 as ''Histoire de la musique dramatique en France depuis ses origines jusqu’à nos jours'' ("History of Dramatic Music in France from its Origins to the Present Day"), which was recognized as one of the first important French works in the genre of music history and criticism. In 1871 Chouquet was appointed the curator of the Musée Instrumental du Conservatoire (Conservatory Instrument Museum), which had been formed from the instrument collection of

Louis Clapisson Louis Clapisson (15 September 1808 – 19 March 1866) was a French composer and violinist. He composed numerous art songs as well as 22 operas, largely in the opéra comique genre. In his later years he was a professor of harmony at the Paris C ...

and purchased by the state. In spite of meagre resources, Chouquet was able to greatly expand the museum's holdings with numerous important acquisitions, including a collection of Native American and African instruments from Schœlcher, a deputy in the French National Assembly and another collection from a M. le docteur Fau. Chouquet published a catalog of the museum's collection in 1875 under the title ''Le Musée du Conservatoire national de musique, catalogue raisonné des instruments de cette collection'' ("The National Conservatory Music Museum: Annotated Catalog of the Instruments of This Collection") and a second edition in 1884. The catalog was updated with supplements by Léon Pillaut in 1894, 1899, and 1903, and the complete catalog was reprinted by Minkoff in 1993. In 1872 Chouquet became a contributor to the '' Revue et Gazette musicale de Paris'' and an editor in 1874, continuing until it ceased publication in 1880. He was also on the editorial board of the ''Dictionnaire des beaux-arts'' and contributed numerous articles for the first edition of

George Grove Sir George Grove (13 August 182028 May 1900) was an English engineer and writer on music, known as the founding editor of ''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. Grove was trained as a civil engineer, and successful in that profession, b ...

's '' A Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' (published in four volumes from 1878 to 1889). Many of Chouquet's articles continued to appear in subsequent editions of ''Grove's Dictionary'' until at least 1970. Chouquet was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1870. He died in Paris.Pierre 1900, p. 440.

List of publications

* Chouquet, Gustave, editor (1846). ''Leçons et modèles de littérature française; ou, Choix de morceaux en prose et en vers tirés des meilleurs écrivains du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècle, par M. Chapsal'' (entirely revised edition, augmented with biographical and literary notes and a large number of new extracts by the most illustrious contemporary authors). New York: R. Lockwood & Son
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at HathiTrust. * Chouquet, Gustave (1854). ''Easy Conversations in French''. New York: R. Lockwood & Son
View
at HathiTrust. * Chouquet, Gustave (1854). ''First Lessons in Learning French''. New York: R. Lockwood & Son
View
at HathiTrust. * Chouquet, Gustave (1855). ''First Readings from Modern French Writers''. New York: R. Lockwood & Son
View
at HathiTrust. * Chouquet, Gustave (1859). ''Easy Conversations in French''. New York: R. Lockwood & Son
View
at HathiTrust. * Chouquet, Gustave (1867). ''Conversations and Dialogues upon Daily Occupations and Ordinary Topics … in French Conversation''. New York: D. Appleton
View
at HathiTrust. * Chouquet, Gustave (1873). ''Histoire de la musique dramatique en France'' (in French). Paris: Didot
View
at

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. * Chouquet, Gustave (1875). ''Le musée du Conservatoire national de musique. Catalogue raisonné des instruments de cette collection''. Paris: Didot
View
at HathiTrust
View
at the

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...

. * Chouquet, Gustave (1880). ''Les instruments de musique : et les éditions musicales''. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. . * Chouquet, Gustave (1884). ''Le musée du Conservatoire national de musique. Catalogue descriptif et raisonné''. Paris: Didot
View
at HathiTrust
View
at the Internet Archive.

Notes

Bibliography

* Blom, Eric, editor (1954). ''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', fifth edition (1970 reprint). New York: St. Martin's Press. . * Ellis, Katharine (1995). ''Music criticism in nineteenth-century France: La Revue et Gazette musicale de Paris''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. . * Fétis, François-Joseph (1878). ''Biographie universelle des musiciens'', supplement in two volumes by

. Paris: Didot. Vols
1
an
2
at

. * Grove, George; Charlton, David (2001). "Chouquet, (Adolphe) Gustave" in Sadie 2001. * Pierre, Constant, editor (1900). ''Le Conservatoire national de musique et de déclamation. Documents historiques et administratifs''. Paris: Imprimerie National. 1031 pages
View
at

. *

Sadie, Stanley Stanley John Sadie (; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was an influential and prolific British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the '' Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' (1980), which was publ ...

, editor; John Tyrell; executive editor (2001). ''

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians. Along with the German-language ''Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', it is one of the largest reference works on the history and theo ...

'', 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. (hardcover). (eBook). * Wild, Nicole; Charlton, David (2005). ''Théâtre de l'Opéra-Comique Paris: répertoire 1762-1972''. Sprimont, Belgium: Editions Mardaga. .

External links

* * *
"Chouquet, Gustave"
at HathiTrust
"Gustave Chouquet"
at

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chouquet, Gustave Writers from Le Havre 1819 births 1886 deaths 19th-century French musicologists French music critics French librettists 19th-century journalists French male journalists French male writers 19th-century French male writers 19th-century musicologists