The Gual and España conspiracy (1797) was a pro-independence movement in

Colonial Venezuela Spanish expeditions led by Columbus and Alonso de Ojeda reached the coast of present-day Venezuela in 1498 and 1499. The first colonial exploitation was of the pearl oysters of the "Pearl Islands". Spain established its first permanent South Ameri ...

, led by José María España and Manuel Gual. The Spanish revolutionary,

Juan Bautista Mariano Picornell y Gomila Juan Bautista Mariano Picornell y Gomila (1759–1825) was a Spanish-born revolutionary. Picornell studied at the University of Salamanca. In 1795 he was involved in the San Blas Conspiracy which sought to overthrow the Spanish monarchy. In 1798 ...

, was involved. It is also believed that

Simón Rodríguez Simón Rodríguez (October 28, 1769, Caracas, Venezuela – February 28, 1854, Amotape, Peru), known during his exile from Spanish America as Samuel Robinson, was a Venezuelan philosopher and educator, notably Simón Bolívar's tutor and men ...

, an early teacher of

Simón Bolívar Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and B ...

, was involved.

Sources

{{Authority control History of Venezuela 18th century in Caracas