Gryżyna Landscape Park
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Gryżyna Landscape Park (''Gryżyński Park Krajobrazowy'') is a
protected area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the ena ...
( Landscape Park) in western Poland, established in 1996, covering an area of . The Park lies within Lubusz Voivodeship: in
Krosno Odrzańskie County __NOTOC__ Krosno Odrzańskie County ( pl, powiat krośnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result o ...
( Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie,
Gmina Bytnica __NOTOC__ Gmina Bytnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Bytnica, which lies approximately north of Krosno Odrzańskie, north-west of Zielo ...
), Świebodzin County (
Gmina Skąpe __NOTOC__ Gmina Skąpe is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świebodzin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Skąpe, which lies approximately south-west of Świebodzin, north of Zielona Góra, and s ...
) and Zielona Góra County (
Gmina Czerwieńsk __NOTOC__ Gmina Czerwieńsk is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Czerwieńsk, which lies approximately north-west of Zielona Góra. The gmina co ...
). It takes its name from the village of Gryżyna in
Gmina Bytnica __NOTOC__ Gmina Bytnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Bytnica, which lies approximately north of Krosno Odrzańskie, north-west of Zielo ...
. Gryżyński Landscape Park is covered with forests in 86.6%, with surface waters in 6.6% and in 2.6% with pastures and meadows and marshy wasteland. The park is situated in the Warsaw-Berlin ice-marginal-valley and it constitutes a good example of postglacial relief with a great variety of postglacial forms such as vales, eskers and ravines, which contrast with sander plains around the park. The park is extended from the village Gryżyna in the north to the village
Szklarka Radnicka Szklarka Radnicka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie, within Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Krosno Odrzańskie and north-west of Zielona ...
in the south. It is 2-3 kilometers wide and 12.5 kilometers long, and the vale of Gryżyna is its axis. The western vale constitutes the riverbed for Gryżyński Potok. This peat bog area is cut with ravines with steep slopes and huge amount of slope springs (there are nearly 100 between the villages Gryżyna and
Grabin Vasiliy Gavrilovich Grabin (russian: Василий Гаврилович Грабин; – 18 April 1980) was a Soviet artillery designer. He led a design bureau (TsAKB) at Joseph Stalin Factory No. 92 in Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod). Grabin was ch ...
). In the south there are a few postglacial lakes and the biggest is the lake Jelito, which is 36.6 meters deep and covers the area of 49.9 hectares. To the east of the central and the western vales there are eskers, the kettle holes and kames with the dominant Border Mountain. In the beautiful landscape of the northern part of the park a 7,5- kilometre path of nature has been marked up with ten stands described by means of seventeen tables. The path is marked with the symbol of a green leaf. The stands relate to different topics: 1. The holiday camp “Dora” in Gryżyna 2. The
watermill Strzelnik A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower. It is a structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the producti ...
3. The ravines with 60% inclination 4. The slope springs 5. The fen 6. The kame edge 7. The watermill Zaskórz 8. The esker inside the vale 9. The pond Bartno 10. The lake Kalek.


The natural monuments

In the park there are 4 avenues of oaks and one tree - a pedunculate oak - protected in the form of natural monuments. The avenues are grouped in the area of Gryżyna village, they gather about 300 trees and with its longevity (150–200 years) and size (20 –25 metres high and 180-400 centimetres of circumference) they are considered an amazing natural phenomenon. Another natural monument is the deepest and the most beautiful ravine, which was created by water after the glacier had retreated. The western and central part of the ravine is covered by the beech forest. In the eastern part, on the peat bogs, black alders grow. The Rashes of Gryżyna cover 32,86 hectares and are located in the postglacial valley near the springs of Gryżyński Potok. The wet and inaccessible ground is the home for animals, particularly a biever, an otter and a crane. The Cranberry Marsh covers 2,81 hectares and is the habitat of the sundews, the mud sedge, the cranberry, the bog-rosemary and the white beat sedge. The park provides protection for the nests of a white-tailed eagle.


The flora of Gryżyński Landscape Park

Among trees of Gryżyński Landscape Park the following species can be found : pines, European and
red beeches Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a seconda ...
, oaks, alders and hornbeams. Common leptosporangiate ferns and umbellate wintergreen represent interesting and rare species in the park. There is also an old species
wolf's-foot clubmoss ''Lycopodium clavatum'' (common club moss, stag's-horn clubmoss, running clubmoss, or ground pineBailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. ''Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the Un ...
. Among flowers there are :
Carthusian Pink ''Dianthus carthusianorum'', commonly known as Carthusian pink, is a species of ''Dianthus'', native to Europe, from Spain north to Belgium and Poland, and east to Ukraine, occurring in dry, grassy habitats at elevations of up to in mountains.Fl ...
,
Cheddar Pink ''Dianthus gratianopolitanus'', commonly known as the Cheddar pink or clove pink, is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial, hardy to zones 4–8. It grows to a height of 0.5 to 1 feet, blooming from May ...
,
anemones ''Anemone'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family (biology), family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are commonly called windflowers. They are Native plant, native to the Temperate climate, temperate and Subtropics, subtrop ...
,
snowdrops ''Galanthus'' (from Ancient Greek , (, "milk") + (, "flower")), or snowdrop, is a small genus of approximately 20 species of bulbous perennial herbaceous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. The plants have two linear leaves and a single ...
,
blue squills Blue is one of the three primary colours in the RYB colour model (traditional colour theory), as well as in the RGB (additive) colour model. It lies between violet and cyan on the spectrum of visible light. The eye perceives blue when o ...
and
liverworts The Marchantiophyta () are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of ge ...
. The wet meadows near Grabin are the habitat of a common foxglove and a wide range of orchids, for instance a
military orchid ''Orchis militaris'', the military orchid, is a species of orchid native to Europe. It is the type species of the genus ''Orchis''. Description This plant grows to a height of 20 to 50 cm with a robust stem with rather drawn up oblong ...
. The peat bogs areas are covered with a mud sedge, the sundews, a cranberry and a bog-rosemary.


The fauna of Gryżyński Landscape Park

The diverse forms of postglacial relief serve as a shelter for plenty of animal species. The park is the habitat of a
stag beetle Stag beetles are a family of about 1,200 species of beetles in the family Lucanidae, currently classified in four subfamilies.Smith, A.B.T. (2006). A review of the family-group names for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) with corrections ...
. During June and July, one can see the beetles in the near of oaks. Other insects are a European pine processionary and a moaning cloak – the biggest butterfly in Poland. A lot of places reveal the trace of beavers, which were introduced to the park in 1986. In the same places, otters are found. Another mammals characteristic for the park are red and roe deer, a
red fox The red fox (''Vulpes vulpes'') is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the Order (biology), order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe ...
, a wild boar, a raccoon dog, a European polecat, a beech marten and a European badger.


References


External links

* http://ziemialubuska.pl/27,18 * https://web.archive.org/web/20120425014028/http://www.okl.lasy.gov.pl/web/bytnica/gpk {{DEFAULTSORT:Gryzyna Landscape Park Landscape parks in Poland Parks in Lubusz Voivodeship