Grom (missile system)
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Hrіm-2, Grim, Grom or OTRK Sapsan ( ua, ОТРК "Сапсан", lit=peregrine falcon), also known as Operational-Tactical Missile System Hrim ( ua, Оперативно-тактичний ракетний комплекс «Грім», lit=thunder, translit=Operatyvno-taktychnyi raketnyi kompleks "Hrim"), is a
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
short-range ballistic missile A short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of about or less. In past and potential regional conflicts, these missiles have been and would be used because of the short distances between some countries and their relat ...
system being developed by Pivdenne Design Office and A.M. Makarov Southern Machine-Building Plant, designed to combine the features of a tactical missile system and a multiple rocket launcher. The original Sapsan version of the missile, for Ukraine's own use, was to have a range of 500 kilometers. The later Hrim-2 version, developed for export, has a range limited to 280 kilometers, in order to fall within the 300-kilometre limit set by the
Missile Technology Control Regime The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime. It is an informal political understanding among 35 member states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology. The regime was formed ...
, which seeks to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology.


History

In 2006 the
National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine The National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (NSDC; uk, Рада національної безпеки і оборони України, RNBO or RNBOU) is the coordinating state body of the executive power under the President of Ukrai ...
recognised the need for a missile system that would be better than Ukraine's aging
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
Tochka-U OTR-21 ''Tochka'' (russian: оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТР) «Точка» (":wikt:точка, point"); en, Tactical Operational Missile Complex "Tochka") is a Soviet Union, Soviet tactical ...
, which had a maximum range of 120 km and could only be overhauled and upgraded by Russian companies.
KB Pivdenne Pivdenne Design Office ( uk, Державне конструкторське бюро «Південне» ім. М. К. Янгеля , lit=State design bureau "Southern", named after M. K. Yangel, translit=Derzhavne konstruktors ...
was given the task of developing a new missile designated the "Sapsan". The
Ministry of Defence {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...
and Pivdenne agreed on operational requirements in September 2007. Funding for the project was halted in 2009–2010, following the global
financial crisis of 2007–2008 Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is related to, but not synonymous with economics, the study of production, distribution, and consumption of money, assets, goods and services (the discipline of fi ...
, then resumed in November 2011, albeit at a low amount, before being terminated in 2013. In 2011 arms dealers starting offering foreign customers a new missile system called "Hrim", and after two years, Pivdenne was contracted by an undisclosed country to develop the Hrim-2. In 2014, after the
Russo-Ukrainian War The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatist forces in Donbas, Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since Feb ...
had begun, Pivdenne proposed restarting the Sapsan project, utilising its experience developing the Hrim-2, with a view to having Sapsan ready for evaluation by 2018. The government agreed. Work on Hrim-2 was announced at the exhibition in Kyiv in 2014. In 2016 it was reported that
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...
had provided US$40 million for the research and development. A photograph of the chassis of a Hrim-2
transporter erector launcher A transporter erector launcher (TEL) is a missile vehicle with an integrated tractor unit that can carry, elevate to firing position and launch one or more missiles. History Such vehicles exist for both surface-to-air missiles and surface-to-su ...
appeared in May 2017; each vehicle can carry and launch two missiles. In April 2019 it was announced that two Hrim-2 prototypes had been produced, one for testing by Saudi Arabia and the other by the
Armed Forces of Ukraine , imports = , exports = , history = , ranks = Military ranks of Ukraine , country=Ukraine The Armed Forces of Ukraine ( uk, Збро́йні си́ли Украї́ни), most commonly known ...
. Saudi Arabia expected to test their one later in 2019, with the system entering service in 2022. In October 2020 it was announced that US$300 million was needed to complete the testing of Ukraine's prototype. In February 2021 the Government decided to sign a contract to fund the production of a test battery consisting of two transporter erector launchers, two loading machines, and two control units (one for the battery commander and the other for the division commander). In April the contract had still not been signed, but the Ministry of Defense hoped to do so in 2–3 months.


Explosions at Saky airbase, Novofedorivka

Several large explosions occurred at Saky airbase at Novofedorivka in Russian-occupied
Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
, 220 km from the frontline, on 9 August 2022. The cause was unclear, but several media outlets discussed the possibility it was Hrim-2.


Gallery

Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 25.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 01.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 30.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv, 2018 31.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv 2018, 33.jpg Hrim-2 - Sapsan missile complex, Kyiv 2018, 43.jpg Grim tactical missile 1.jpg


See also

*
R-360 Neptune R-360 Neptune ( uk, Р-360 «Нептун», translit=R-360 "Neptun") is a Ukrainian anti-ship cruise missile developed by the Luch Design Bureau. Neptune's design is based on the Soviet Kh-35 anti-ship missile, with substantially improved ran ...
, Ukrainian *
Vilkha Vilkha ( uk, «Вільха», "Alder tree") is a Ukrainian heavy multiple rocket launcher that fires guided missiles. Designed by the Luch Design Bureau, it was based on the BM-30 Smerch rocket launch system and developed in the 2010s. Vilkha e ...
, Ukrainian *
9K720 Iskander The 9K720 Iskander (russian: «Искандер»; NATO reporting name SS-26 Stone) is a mobile short-range ballistic missile system produced and deployed by the Russian military. The missile systems () are to replace the obsolete OTR-21 ''Toc ...
, Russian *
LORA (missile) LORA ("Long Range Attack") is a theater quasi ballistic missile produced in Israel. It has a range of and a CEP of when using a combination of GPS and TV for terminal guidance. It can be ship-launched from inside of a standard Intermodal con ...
, Israeli *
Sky Spear The Sky Spear (天戟 ''Tien Chi'') is a Taiwanese short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) capable of striking targets on mainland China.Minnick, WendellA better indigenous missile defense ''Taipei Times'', July 13, 2001. Derived from the Sky Bow II ...
, Taiwanese


References

{{ModernUKRAFVsNav , style= wide Ballistic missiles of Ukraine Surface-to-surface missiles Theatre ballistic missiles