''Graphium angolanus'', the Angola white lady, is a species of

butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprise ...

in the family

Papilionidae Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the larg ...

(swallowtails). It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa.''Graphium angolanus''
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Description

The

wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan o ...

is 65–70 mm in males and 70–75 mm in females.Hindwing tailless, angled at the extremities of the veins. Frons with a white or red dot or streak at each side. Palpi white. Wings above white and black, beneath at the base red or red-brown. The underside of the wings has the same white ground-pattern in all the species f this group On the forewing this consists of 8 submarginal spots placed close to the margin; 9 discal spots (in 1 a—8), of which those of cellules 5, 6 and 8 are almost always small and double, and four transverse spots or bands in the cell. The hindwing has beneath a broad white transverse band, which at the costal margin extends at least to vein 2, covers almost the whole of the cell and is separated from the white inner marginal area lb by a dark longitudinal streak in cellule 1 c. In the broad, dark submarginal band the hindwing has 6 submarginal spots, of which those of cellules 1—4 are sometimes divided, and 3—4 subdiscal spots in cellules 2— 5; these may also be double and arranged in two rows. The hairs of the inner marginal fold of the hindwing of the 3 are long and yellowish white. Diagnostic- Apex of the cell of the forewing with two white spots, one in the upper and one in the lower angle. Hindwing beneath without red spots in the marginal band; both wings above with white spots in the marginal band.The discal spot in cellule 3 is entirely absent or is small and quite free, not reaching the base of the cellule; cell of the forewing without white hindmarginal spot or with only a very small one. Abdomen with a broad yellow lateral stripe at each side.From the Congo region southwards to Natal and eastwards to British East Africa, ab. ''lapydes Suff''. only differs from ''angolanus'' in that the cell of the forewing has a hindmarginal spot, which however only reaches vein 3; German East Africa: Kilossa. The full- grown larva has not only on the first and the penultimate segment, but also on the second and third two widely separated spines. The long hump on the mesothorax of the pupa is obliquely inclined forwards and extends almost as far as the tip of the head
External images
from

Royal Museum of Central Africa The Royal Museum for Central Africa or RMCA ( nl, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika or KMMA; french: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale or MRAC; german: Königliches Museum für Zentralafrika or KMZA), also officially known as the AfricaMuse ...

Biology

The fight period is year-round, peaking in November and February. The caterpillars feed on ''

Annona senegalensis ''Annona senegalensis'', commonly known as African custard-apple, wild custard apple, wild soursop, (Mandinka language), and (Wolof language) is a species of flowering plant in the custard apple family, Annonaceae. The specific epithet, ''seneg ...

'', '' Sphedamnocarpus pruriens'', ''

Uvaria ''Uvaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. The generic name ''uvaria'' is derived from the Latin ''uva'' meaning grape, likely because the edible fruit of some species in the genus resemble grapes. Circumscription Specie ...

'' species, '' Landolphia buchannani'', and '' Landolphia ugandensis''.

Subspecies

*''Graphium angolanus angolanus'' (Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, coast of Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, northern Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Comoros) *''Graphium angolanus baronis'' Ungemach, 1932 Ungemach, H. 1932. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres d’Abyssinie. ''Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc'' 32: 1-122.(Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, western Kenya, Tanzania)

Taxonomy

''Graphium angolanus'' belongs to a clade with six members. All have similar genitalia. The pattern is black with white marks above and with brick-red areas beneath. In ''G. endochus'' the white areas above are extensive and cover most of the wings and in ''G. ridleyanus'' the marks are usually bright red not white. The clade members are: *''Graphium angolanus'' (Goeze, 1779) *'' Graphium endochus'' (Boisduval, 1836) *'' Graphium morania'' (Angas, 1849) *'' Graphium taboranus'' (Oberthür, 1886) *'' Graphium schaffgotschi'' (Niepelt, 1927) *'' Graphium ridleyanus'' (White, 1843)

Realm

Afrotropical realm

References