The Paris metropolitan area (french: aire d'attraction de Paris) is a

statistical area The federal government of the United States, United States federal government defines and delineates the nation's metropolitan areas for statistical purposes, using a set of standard statistical area definitions. the U.S. Office of Management an ...

that describes the reach of commuter movement to and from

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

and its surrounding suburbs.

Overview

In 2020 France's national INSEE statistical bureau introduced the concept "aire d'attraction d'une ville" ( functional area), replacing the former "aire urbaine" (

urban area An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities ...

). A functional area consists of an urban cluster and the surrounding commuting zone. This concept is consistent with the functional urban area as defined by Eurostat. Created and used from 1996 by France's national INSEE statistical bureau to match international demographic standards, the ''aire urbaine'' (literally: 'urban area') was a statistical unit that described the suburban development around centres of urban growth. In 2011, the INSEE reclassified its largest ''aires urbaines'' into ''aires métropolitaines'' (literally: metropolitan areas) and ''grandes aires urbaines'' ('large urban areas'). With this change, the Paris metropolitan area became the largest in France. In France, use of the term 'Paris metropolitan area' is limited to demographic and statistical studies, and, to date, it is not used in economic statistics — the traditional administrative subdivisions ''commune'', ''département'', and ''région'' are still referenced for this — though the media will employ it when referring to the electoral tendencies of France's largest cities. In 2010 the government passed a law that invited France's largest city 'metropoles' to work together as an intercommunitary entities (more or less described by the INSEE concept), but the lack of response by the following year moved the government to make the cooperation for many of France's largest cities obligatory, and Paris became a case study all on its own. This latter initiative created the "

Métropole du Grand Paris The Métropole du Grand Paris (; "Metropolis of Greater Paris"),There is no official or widely-used English translation yet. also known as Grand Paris or Greater Paris, is a ''métropole'' covering the City of Paris and its nearest surrounding su ...

" (official translation: 'Greater Paris metropolitan authority'), a Paris-centred intercommunal cooperation effort enacted from January 1, 2016. The territory it covers is much smaller than the INSEE 'Paris metropolitan area' statistical area: it includes Paris, its neighbouring three departments (or '

petite couronne Vincent Aycocho, or better known as Petite is a Filipino actor, comedian, singer and TV show host. He is known for as a Filipino comedian in ''Comedy Bar'', Punch line and Clowns, together with their other celebrities; Boobay, Iyah, Donita Nose ...

'), and a few bordering communes in the departments beyond.

Extent

As of 2022, the INSEE statistical

metropolitan area covers 1,929 communes.Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001)
INSEE With its , it extends significantly beyond Paris' administrative

Île-de-France The Île-de-France (, ; literally "Isle of France") is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France. Centred on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the ''Région parisienne'' (; en, Pa ...

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...

(). Outside the Île-de-France region, it covers part of the departments Aisne,

Aube Aube () is a French department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. With 310,242 inhabitants (2019),Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Loiret, Marne,

Oise Oise ( ; ; pcd, Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called ''Oisiens'' () or ''Isariens'', after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,41 ...

Seine-Maritime Seine-Maritime () is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inféri ...

and

Yonne Yonne () is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is l ...

. The Paris metropolitan area expands at each population census due to the rapid population growth in the Paris area. New

communes An intentional community is a voluntary residential community which is designed to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork from the start. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, relig ...

(municipalities) surrounding Paris are included when they meet the commuter threshold required. At the 1968 census, the earliest date for which population figures were retrospectively computed for French ''aire urbaines'', the Paris metropolitan area had 8,368,459 inhabitants in an area that only encompassed 279 communes in central Île-de-France. By the 1999 census the Paris metropolitan area was slightly larger than Île-de-France and had 11,174,743 inhabitants in 14,518 km². At the 2010 revision, the ''aire urbaine'' of Paris had 1,751 communes.Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris (001)
INSEE

Population

The area had a population of 13,064,617 as of 2018. Nearly 20% of France's population resides in the region. The table below shows the population growth of the Paris metropolitan area (''aire urbaine''), i.e. the urban area (''pôle urbain'') and the commuter belt (''couronne périurbaine'') surrounding it. (Note: the area shown in red and pink in the map above): * 1968 : * 1975 : * 1982 : * 1990 : (1,155 communes; 9,679 km²) * 1999 : (1,584 communes; 14,518 km²) * 2010 : Évolution et structure de la population en 2010: Aire urbaine 2010 de Paris (001)
INSEE (1,751 communes; 17,194 km²) * 2018 : (1,929 communes; 18,941 km²)

References

External links

Document about the functioning of Paris Metropolitan Area

Document about the extension of Paris Metropolitan Area
{{coord missing, France Geography of France Geography of Paris Metropolitan areas of France INSEE concepts cs:Pařížská aglomerace vi:Vùng đô thị Paris

Overview

Extent

Population

See also

References

External links