Grand Orient of Portugal
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The Grand Orient of Portugal (''Grande Oriente Lusitano'') is a symbolic
Masonic Freemasonry or Masonry refers to Fraternity, fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of Stonemasonry, stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their inte ...
Obedience founded in 1802, thus being the oldest
Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...
Masonic Obedience. Its first Grand Master was Sebastião José de São Paio de Melo e Castro Lusignan, grandson of the first Marquis of Pombal, and his symbolic name was ''Egas Moniz''. The Grand Orient of Portugal belongs to the Masonic liberal current, proclaiming the absolute liberty of conscience and adogmatism.


History

It was seen as a driving force in the anti-clericalism of the liberals.''By the 1830s the Masons had become, by and large, the principal promoters of anticlericalism.'
Chapter 22 Portugal under the Nineteenth-Century Constitutional Monarchy
Stanley G. Payne, A History of Spain and Portugal, Vol. 2
In 1921, it became a founding member of the International Masonic Association in alliance with the
Grand Orient of France The Grand Orient de France (GODF) is the oldest and largest of several Freemasonic organizations based in France and is the oldest in Continental Europe (as it was formed out of an older Grand Lodge of France in 1773, and briefly absorbed the ...
,
Grand Orient of Belgium Grand may refer to: People with the name * Grand (surname) * Grand L. Bush (born 1955), American actor * Grand Mixer DXT, American turntablist * Grand Puba (born 1966), American rapper Places * Grand, Oklahoma * Grand, Vosges, village and c ...
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Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland The Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland (German: ''Schweizerische Grossloge Alpina'') ( French: ''Grande Loge Suisse Alpina'') is one of the Grand Lodges of Freemasons in Switzerland. History The Grand Lodge was founded in 1844. At the time of the ...
and the
Grand Orient of Italy The Grand Orient of Italy (GOI) ( it, Grande Oriente d'Italia) is an Italian masonic grand lodge founded in 1805; the viceroy Eugene of Beauharnais was instrumental in its establishment. It was based at the Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome, Italy fr ...
, amongst many others. Opposing every form of oppression, the Grande Oriente Lusitano has faced throughout its history many moments of fierce persecution by the most conservative and reactionary wings of society. Amongst these moments, the prohibition during the Estado Novo
dictatorship A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Politics in a dictatorship are ...
(law nº1901 dated May 13, 1935, proposed by José Cabral who had recently joined the single state-ruled party ''
União Nacional The National Union ( pt, União Nacional) was the One-party state, sole legal party of the Estado Novo (Portugal), Estado Novo regime in Portugal, founded in July 1930 and dominated by António de Oliveira Salazar during most of its existence ...
'', National Union, after leaving the Portuguese integralists and the national-syndicalists leadered by Francisco Rolão Preto) which forced Portuguese freemasons into clandestinity and often prison and political exile.
Fernando Pessoa Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (; 13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher, and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and ...
, the renowned Portuguese poet, who assumed himself as a profane (or non-mason) published an article in ''Diário de Lisboa'' (
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
Daily, a daily newspaper) defending Freemasonry and specifically the Grande Oriente Lusitano. During clandestinity (1935-1974), the Grande Oriente Lusitano had its buildings confiscated and the Masonic Palace, in center Lisbon, occupied by the Legião Portuguesa (''Portuguese Legion'', a para-military political force created for the "defense of the State"). The Revolution of the Carnations on April 25, 1974 revoked law nº1901 and the Grande Oriente Lusitano could once more see the light of day and have its buildings returned.


Rites

Under the auspices of the Grande Oriente Lusitano there are lodges of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite and of the French Rite. These Rites are administered by the respective philosophical Potences with which the Grande Oriente Lusitano has a treaty to confer the symbolic degrees:
Supreme Council of the Grand Inspector-General of the 33rd Degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for Portugal and its jurisdiction

Sovereign Grand Chapter of the Cavaliers Rose-Croix - Grand Chapter General of the French Rite of Portugal


Grémio Lusitano

The three potencies are represented in civil society through the Grémio Lusitano, a cultural, recreational and philanthropic society whose headquarters are situated at the Rua do Grémio Lusitano, number 25, in Lisbon. This building, the Masonic Palace, also hosts the Portuguese Masonic Museum, considered by many as one of the best of its kind in Europe. The Museum is open to the general public.


Grand Masters

*1804 – 1809 – Sebastião de Sampaio de Melo e Castro *1809 – 1816 – Fernando Romão da Costa Ataíde e Teive de Sousa Coutinho *1816 – 1817 – Gomes Freire de Andrade e Castro **1820 – 1821 – João Vicente Pimentel Maldonado (interim) *1821 – 1823 – João da Cunha Souto Maior *1823 – 1839 –
José da Silva Carvalho José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacul ...
*1839 – 1841 – Manuel Gonçalves de Miranda **1841 – 1841 – Bartolomeu dos Mártires Dias e Sousa (interim) *1841 – 1846 –
António Bernardo da Costa Cabral Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan language, Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 40 ...
*1846 – 1847 – João de Deus Antunes Pinto *1847 – 1849 – António Bernardo da Costa Cabral *1849 – 1853 – Marcelino Máximo de Azevedo e Melo *1854 – 1861 – José Joaquim de Almeida Moura Coutinho *1861 – 1863 – Frederico Leão Cabreira de Brito Alvelos Drago Valente; *1863 – 1867 – Caetano Gaspar de Almeida e Noronha Portugal Camões de Albuquerque Moniz e Sousa *1867 – 1869 – José da Silva Mendes Leal *1869 – 1881 – João Inácio Francisco de Paula de Noronha *1881 – 1884 – Miguel Baptista Maciel *1884 – 1886 – José Elias Garcia *1886 – 1887 – António Augusto de Aguiar *1887 – 1889 – José Elias Garcia *1889 – 1895 – Carlos Ramiro Coutinho *1895 – 1899 –
Bernardino Machado Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães, GCTE, GCL (; 28 March 1851, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – 29 April 1944, Porto, Portugal), was a Portuguese political figure, the third and eighth president of Portugal (1915–17, 1925–26). In 1917, ...
Guimarães *1899 – 1906 – Luís Augusto Ferreira de Castro **1906 – 1907 – Francisco Gomes da Silva (interim) *1907 – 1928 – Sebastião de Magalhães Lima **1928 – 1929 – Luís Augusto Curson (interim) *1929 – 1929 –
António José de Almeida António José de Almeida, GCTE, GCA, GCC, GCSE (; 27 July 1866 – 31 October 1929), was a Portuguese politician who served as the sixth president of Portugal from 1919 to 1923. Early career Born in Penacova to José António de Almeida ...
**1929 – 1930 – Joaquim Maria de Oliveira Simões (interim) *1930 – 1935 – José Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos **1935 – 1937 – Maurício Armando Martins Costa (interim) *1937 – 1937 – Filipe Inês Ferreira (interim) *1937 – 1975 – Luís Gonçalves Rebordão *1975 – 1981 – Luís Hernâni Dias Amado *1982 – 1984 – Armando Adão e Silva *1984 – 1988 – José Eduardo Simões Coimbra *1988 – 1990 – Raul de Assunção Pimenta Rego *1990 – 1993 – Ramon de la Féria *1993 – 1996 – João Rosado Correia *1996 – 2002 – Eugénio de Oliveira *2002 – 2005 – António Duarte Arnaut *2005 – 2011 – António Fernando Marques Ribeiro Reis *2011 – present - Fernando Manuel Lima Valada Fernandes


See also

* CLIPSAS *
Afonso Costa Afonso Augusto da Costa, GCTE, GCL (; born in Seia, 6 March 1871; died in Paris, 11 May 1937) was a Portuguese lawyer, professor and republican politician. Political career Costa was the leader of the Portuguese Republican Party and he was on ...


References


External links


Grande Oriente Lusitano
{{Freemasonry in Europe 1802 establishments in Portugal Co-Freemasonry Freemasonry in Portugal