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A governorate is an administrative division of a state. It is headed by a governor. As English-speaking nations tend to call regions administered by governors either states or provinces, the term ''governorate'' is often used in translation from non-English-speaking administrations. The most common usage are as a translation of Persian "Farmandari" or the Arabic '' Muhafazah''. It may also refer to the '' guberniya'' and '' general-gubernatorstvo'' of
Imperial Russia The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
or the '' gobiernos'' of
Imperial Spain The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its prede ...
.


Arab countries

The term governorate is widely used in Arab countries to describe an administrative unit. Some governorates combine more than one '' Muhafazah''; others closely follow traditional boundaries inherited from the Ottoman Empire's '' vilayet'' system. With the exception of Tunisia, all translations into the term governorate originate in the Arabic word ''muhafazah''. * Governorates of Bahrain * Governorates of Egypt *
Governorates of Iraq Iraq consists of 19 governorates ( ar, محافظة, muḥāfażah; ckb, پارێزگا , parêzgeh), also known as "provinces". Per the Iraqi constitution, governorates can form an autonomous region. Four governorates, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah ...
(official translation, sometimes also translated as province) * Governorates of Jordan * Governorates of Kuwait *
Governorates of Lebanon Lebanon is divided into nine governorates (''muhafazah''). Each governorate is headed by a governor (''muhafiz''): All of the governorates except for Beirut and Akkar are divided into districts, which are further subdivided into municipali ...
* Governorates of Oman * Governorates of Palestine * Governorates of Saudi Arabia * Governorates of Syria *
Governorates of Tunisia Tunisia is divided into 24 governorate, governorates (''wilayat'', sing. ''wilayah''). This term in Arabic can also be translated as province or federated state (though the latter does not apply, as Tunisia is a unitary state). The governorate ...
(the local term is '' wilayah'') *
Governorates of Yemen Yemen is divided into twenty-one governorates (''muhafazah'') and one municipality ( amanah): Notes: a - Also known as Sanaa City b - Socatra Governorate was created in December 2013 from parts of Hadramaut, data included there The govern ...


Russian Empire

* History of the administrative division of Russia *
Governorate (Russia) A governorate, gubernia, province, or government ( rus, губе́рния, p=ɡʊˈbʲɛrnʲɪjə, also romanized ; uk, губернія, huberniia), was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the empir ...
and :Governorates of the Russian Empire


Congress Kingdom of Poland

*See
Subdivisions of Congress Poland Congress Poland was subdivided several times from its creation in 1815 until its dissolution in 1918. Congress Poland ("Russian Poland") was divided into departments, a relic from the times of the French-dominated Duchy of Warsaw. In 1816 the ...


Grand Duchy of Finland

** Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland


Portuguese Empire

In the Portuguese Empire, a governorate general ( Portuguese: ''governo-geral'') were a colonial administration. They usually were created in order to be a centralized government over smaller colonies or territories of the Portuguese Empire. Governorate Generals of the Portuguese Empire: * Governorate General of Brazil (1549-1572 / 1578-1607 / 1613–1621) * Governorate General of Bahia (1572-1578 / 1607–1613) * Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro (1572-1578 / 1607–1613)


Spanish Empire

In the Spanish Empire, the ''gobernaciones'' ("governorships" or "governorates") were an administrative division, roughly analogous to a province directly beneath the level of the '' audiencia'' or
captaincy general A captaincy ( es, capitanía , pt, capitania , hr, kapetanija) is a historical administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. It was instituted as a method of organization, directly associated with the home-rule a ...
, and the viceroy in areas directly under the viceroy's administration. The powers and duties of a governor were identical to a ''
corregidor Corregidor ( tl, Pulo ng Corregidor, ) is an island located at the entrance of Manila Bay in the southwestern part of Luzon in the Philippines, and is considered part of the Province of Cavite. Due to this location, Corregidor has historically b ...
'' but a governor managed a larger or more prosperous area than the former.


Italian Empire

* Governorates of Italian East Africa


Germany

In the modern German states of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, and North Rhine-Westphalia, as well as others in the past, there are sub-state administrative regions called '' Regierungsbezirk'', which is sometimes translated into English as "governorate" or "county." During the time of the Third Reich, a "
General Government The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...
for the Occupied Polish Areas" (German: ''Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete'') existed. The German (based on a traditional Prussian term) is sometimes translated as ''General Governorate''.


Romania

During World War II, Romania administrated three governorates: the Bessarabia Governorate, the
Bukovina Governorate The Bukovina Governorate ( ro, Guvernământul Bucovinei) was an administrative unit of Romania during World War II. Background and history In 1775, the region of Bukovina, historically part of the Romanian principality of Moldavia, officially ...
and the Transnistria Governorate.


Ukraine

When Ukraine claimed autonomy in 1917 and then independence from Russia in 1918, it inherited the imperial subdivision of its land with nine governorates, two okruhas, and three cities with special status. Each governorate (
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
) was subdivided by the smaller unit of county () and still smaller . By the end of the Soviet-Ukrainian war in 1920, the Soviets had made them part of the Ukrainian SSR. Soviet Ukraine was reorganized into twelve governorates, which were reduced to nine in 1922, and then replaced with okruhas in 1925.


Vatican City

Under the
Fundamental Law of Vatican City State The Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, is the main governing document of the Vatican's civil entities. It obtained the force of law of 22 February 2001, Feast of the Chair of St. Peter, A ...
, the pope's executive authority for Vatican City is exercised by the Governorate for Vatican City State. The President of Vatican City's legislative body is ''
ex officio An ''ex officio'' member is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term '' ex officio'' is Latin, meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right ...
'' the President of the Governorate. The other key officers of the Governorate are the General Secretary and the Vice General Secretary. All three officers are appointed by the pope for five-year terms.


References

{{Authority control Types of administrative division