Goiana is a city in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

in the northeast of the state of

Pernambuco Pernambuco () is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.6 million people as of 2020, making it List of Brazilian states by population, sev ...

, roughly 65 km north of the city of

Recife That it may shine on all ( Matthew 5:15) , image_map = Brazil Pernambuco Recife location map.svg , mapsize = 250px , map_caption = Location in the state of Pernambuco , pushpin_map = Brazil#South A ...

, 51 km from the capital of Paraíba and 2,187 km from

Brasília Brasília (; ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region. It was founded by President Juscelino Kubitsche ...

. Its historic center was declared a

National Historic Landmark A National Historic Landmark (NHL) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance. Only some 2,500 (~3%) of over 90,000 places listed ...

in 1938. It also has the easternmost continental point of its state, Ponta do Funil in the coastal district of

Ponta de Pedras Ponta de Pedras is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Pará. Its population as of 2020 is estimated to be 31,549 people. The area of the municipality is 3,365.126 km². The city belongs to the mesoregion Marajó Marajó () is ...

Location

It is built on a fertile plain between the rivers

Tracunhaém Tracunhaém is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 63 km from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Has an estimated ( IBGE 2020) population of 13,813 inhabitants. Geography * State - Pernambuco * Region - Zo ...

and Capibaribe mirim near their junction to form the

Goiana River The Goiana River is a river in Pernambuco state of northeastern Brazil. It is formed by the confluence of the Tracunhaém and Capibaribe Mirim rivers, and drains eastward into the Atlantic Ocean. The Goiana River marks the northern extent of th ...

, and is 25 km from the coast. It the easternmost city in Pernambuco, and the northernmost coastal city of the state. It is surrounded by, and is the commercial centre for, one of the richest agricultural districts of the state, which produces sugar, rum, coffee, tobacco, cotton, cattle, hides and

castor oil Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans. It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is and its density is 0.961 g/cm3. It includes a mixture of triglycerides in which about ...

. Goiana is one of the oldest towns of the state, and was occupied by the Dutch from 1636 to 1654. The municipality contains most of the

Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve The Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve ( pt, Reserva Extrativista Acaú-Goiana) is an extractive reserve in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, Brazil. Location The Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve covers . It is in the municipalities of Caapor ...

, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 2007.

History

Originally occupied by Brazilian Indians, Caetés and

Potiguara The Potiguara (also Potyguara or Pitiguara) are an indigenous people of Brazil. The Potiguara people live in Paraíba, in the municipalities of Marcação, Baía da Traição and Rio Tinto. Their population numbers sixteen thousand individual ...

s, the village was elevated to a parish in 1568 when

Portuguese explorer Portuguese maritime exploration resulted in the numerous territories and maritime routes recorded by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime journeys during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of Eu ...

Diogo Dias Diogo Dias, also known as Diogo Gomes, was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer. He was the brother of Bartolomeu Dias and discovered some of the Cape Verde islands together with António Noli. Serving with da Gama In 1497 on the first Portugu ...

bought 10 thousand fathoms of land near the present city of Goiana, then the Captaincy of Itamaracá, establishing a fortified ingenuity in the Valley of the Rio Tracunhaém. In 1574 the Potiguara population attacked the Tracunhaém sugar plantation, exterminating its entire population. This episode saw and end to the captaincy of Itamaracá and the creation of captaincy of Nova Paraíba. In January 1640 went up between Goiana and the island of Itamaracá the squad of D. Fernando de Noronha, Count of Torre, and the Dutch, commanded by Corneliszoon Willen, a fight that would be immortalized in four prints of

Frans Post Frans Janszoon Post (17 November 1612 – 17 February 1680) was a painter during the Dutch Golden Age. He was the first European artist to paint landscapes of the Americas, during and after the period of Dutch Brazil In 1636 he traveled to ...

. On April 24, 1646, fitted with sticks, stones, pots, pepper and boiling water, women of Tejucupapo, a small district of the city, won the Dutch that threatened their land and families. Event known and portrayed in this movie called "Epic of heroine of Tejucupapo" that the last Sunday of April is recounted through a theatrical outdoor milestone in the Mother's Club. The production shows the lives of women who fought against the invaders and against prejudice. Elevated to the post of town on January 15, 1685, the city has earned forums on May 5, 1840, the center of town on August 3, 1892.

Beaches

;Carne de Vaca beach Carne de Vaca (English: ''beef meat'') is the first beach from the North coast of Pernambuco. It has a narrow sand strip, small waves and, banks of sand before the natural reefs during low

tide Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another. Tide tables ...

. It is located in a small village with few homes. To the North there is the mouth of the

, and to the South there is a small Doce river. ;Pontas de Pedras beach Has weak waves, fine sand and a lot of algae. It is located in the core of the village, where several fishermen boats are always anchored. Together with Carne de Vaca this beach is one of the most popular beaches in Goiana. ;Barra de Catuama beach This beach still retains some of native atlantic forest vegetation. ;Catuama beach Has clear water, reefs and wet sand. At low tide, there are sand banks, stones and

natural pools Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are p ...

. It is located close to the village center, where is a church in devotion to Nossa Senhora da Penha - Our Lady of Penha. ;Atapuz beach Fishermen village, close to the intersection between Itapessoca River and Santa Cruz channel. In town, there is a chapel dedicated to

Saint Sebastian Saint Sebastian (in Latin: ''Sebastianus''; Narbo, Gallia Narbonensis, Roman Empire c. AD 255 – Rome, Italia, Roman Empire c. AD 288) was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Diocle ...

. ;Tabatinga beach Has palm trees,

mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evolution in severa ...

and holidays summer houses. It is located on a private property farm.

Economy

The main economic activities in Goiana are based in the automotive,

pharmaceutical A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field an ...

and

glass Glass is a non-crystalline, often transparent, amorphous solid that has widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optics. Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling ( quenching ...

industries, hosting three important plants in these segments. The city hosts the most modern assembly plant of the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles ( FCA Group), which is responsible for the production of the

Jeep Renegade The Jeep Renegade is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Stellantis under their Jeep marque. It was first shown to the public in March 2014 at the Geneva Motor Show and production started in late August of that year. , the Renegade is the smal ...

and

Fiat Toro The Fiat Toro is a pickup truck made by Fiat in Brazil. It is derived from the Fiat FCC4 Concept and is based on the Small Wide 4×4 architecture shared with the Jeep Renegade, Jeep Compass, and the Fiat 500X. In several markets in Latin Americ ...

. Goiana also is the land of Vivix, one of the biggest float glass industry in

and Hemobrás, which produces blood derivatives and coagulation factor products. Goiana has an important agribusiness sector, especially related to the creation of

goat The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a domesticated species of goat-antelope typically kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the a ...

cattle Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult ma ...

pig The pig (''Sus domesticus''), often called swine, hog, or domestic pig when distinguishing from other members of the genus '' Sus'', is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal. It is variously considered a subspecies of ''Sus ...

poultry Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, ...

, and plantations of sugarcane and coconuts. The city is one of the biggest national producer of sugarcane, with an estimated production of over 1.1 million tons in 2007.

Economic Indicators

Economy by Sector 2006

Health Indicators

PE State site - City by city profile
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Historic structures

The historic center of Goiana received provisional status as a national monument by the

National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage The National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (, IPHAN) is a heritage register of the federal government of Brazil. It is responsible for the preservation of buildings, monuments, structures, objects and sites, as well as the register and ...

(IPHAN) in 2001. Nine religious structures were designated as national monuments of Brazil in 1938. * Church and Convent of Our Lady of Solitude (''Convento e Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Soledade'') *Convento e Igreja de Santo Alberto de Sicília *

Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel The Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel ( pt, Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo, also known as the ''Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Monte do Carmo'') is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It is located adjacent t ...

(''Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo'') *Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição *Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Misericórdia * Church of Our Lady of Protection (''Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Amparo'') *Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos *Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora do Rosário *Capela de Santo Antônio - Engenho Novo

References

* Video Goiana of the future

{{Authority control Populated places established in 1892 Populated coastal places in Pernambuco Municipalities in Pernambuco