A glycosyl group is a
univalent free radical
A daughter category of ''Ageing'', this category deals only with the biological aspects of ageing.
Ageing
Ailments of unknown cause
Biogerontology
Biological processes
Causes of death
Cellular processes
Gerontology
Life extension
Metabo ...
or
substituent structure obtained by removing the
hemiacetal
A hemiacetal or a hemiketal has the general formula R1R2C(OH)OR, where R1 or R2 is hydrogen or an organic substituent. They generally result from the addition of an alcohol to an aldehyde or a ketone, although the latter are sometimes called hemi ...
hydroxyl
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydro ...
group from the cyclic form of a
monosaccharide and, by extension, of a lower
oligosaccharide
An oligosaccharide (/ˌɑlɪgoʊˈsækəˌɹaɪd/; from the Greek ὀλίγος ''olígos'', "a few", and σάκχαρ ''sácchar'', "sugar") is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically two to ten) of monosaccharides (simple sug ...
.
Glycosyl also reacts with
inorganic acid
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds, as opposed to organic acids which are acidic, organic compounds. All mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base when dissolved in water.
Char ...
s, such as
phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, w ...
, forming an
ester
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides a ...
such as
glucose 1-phosphate
Glucose 1-phosphate (also called cori ester) is a glucose molecule with a phosphate group on the 1'-carbon. It can exist in either the α- or β-anomeric form.
Reactions of α-glucose 1-phosphate Catabolic
In glycogenolysis, it is the direct ...
.
Examples
In
cellulose
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell w ...
, glycosyl groups link together 1,4-β-D-glucosyl units to form chains of (1,4-β-D-glucosyl)
n.
Other examples include
ribityl in
6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine is a precursor for riboflavin. It is acted upon by riboflavin synthase
Riboflavin synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final reaction of riboflavin biosynthesis. It catalyzes the transfer of a four-carbon unit ...
, and
glycosylamines.
Alternative substituent groups
Instead of the hemiacetal hydroxyl group, a ''hydrogen'' atom can be removed to form a substituent, for example the hydrogen from the C3 hydroxyl of a
glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula . Glucose is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, u ...
molecule. Then the substituent is called D-glucopyranos-3-''O''-yl as it appears in the name of the drug
Mifamurtide.
Recent detection of the Au
3+ in living organism was possible through the use of C-glycosyl pyrene, where it's permeability through cell membrane and fluorescence properties were used to detect Au
3+.
See also
*
Acyl group
References
Substituents
Biomolecules
Monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides
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