Gisa (Bishop of Wells)

Gisa (also written Giso; died 1088) was Bishop of Wells from 1060 to 1088. A native of Lorraine, Gisa came to England as a chaplain to King Edward the Confessor. After his appointment to Wells, he travelled to Rome rather than be consecrated by Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury. As bishop, Gisa added buildings to his cathedral, introduced new saints to his diocese, and instituted the office of archdeacon in his diocese. After the Norman Conquest, Gisa took part in the consecration of Lanfranc, the new Archbishop of Canterbury, and attended Lanfranc's church councils. His tomb in Wells Cathedral was opened in the 20th century and a cross was discovered in his tomb.

Life

Gisa was born in Lorraine,Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 245 probably the village of Sint-Truiden, St Trond in modern Belgium,Barrow "Giso" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' and was among a number of foreign churchmen brought to England by King Edward the Confessor. At first he held the position of king's chaplain,Greenway "Bishops" ''Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 7: Bath and Wells'' but in January 1060Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 222 or possibly January 1061 he was elected to become Bishop of Wells. Pope Pope Nicholas II, Nicholas II consecrated him on 15 April 1061 in Rome. He went to Rome for consecration because the current Archbishop of Canterbury was Stigand, whom successive popes had excommunicated for various irregularities,Huscroft ''Ruling England'' p. 51 and traveled in company with another bishop—Walter of Lorraine, the Bishop of Hereford-elect—and Tostig Godwinson.Smith "Court and Piety" ''Catholic Historical Review'' p. 574 The ''Vita Edwardi'' says that he was "most suitably and excellently trained".Quoted in Huscroft ''Ruling England'' p. 48

On Gisa's arrival in the Episcopal see, see he found the church there quite poor.Barlow ''English Church'' pp. 82–83 He constructed cloisters to the north of Wells Cathedral and communal buildings to the south for the canons. He ordered the canon (priest), canons to live together under a rule, but exactly which rule it was is unknown. After the Norman conquest of England, Conquest, he introduced the veneration of new saints into his cathedral, as well as setting up an archdeacon in the diocese for the first time. He also wrote a history of the church. He worked to restore lands formerly held by the bishop or cathedral that had been unjustly acquired by others.Barlow ''English Church'' p. 149Barlow ''English Church'' p. 224

Gisa obtained land grants for the upkeep of the church and canons from King Edward the Confessor and the later kings Harold Godwinson and William I of England. He is mentioned many times in the Domesday Book as the holder of land for the see, and was notorious for acquiring land throughout his bishopric. The only surviving writ of Harold's issued while Harold was king dealt with Giso's rights as bishop, and was addressed to Abbot Abbot of Glastonbury, Æthelnoth of Glastonbury Abbey, Glastonbury, the High Sheriff of Somerset, sheriff of Somerset, and the thegns of Somerset.Walker ''Harold'' p. 139

After the Norman Conquest, Gisa supported William the Conqueror, William, the new king of England.Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' p. 215 He helped consecrate Lanfranc as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070, and attended the Council of Windsor in 1072 and the Council of London (1075), Council of London in 1075. At a later church council, Giso asserted his authority over the abbots of Muchelney Abbey, Muchelney and Athelney Abbey, Athelney, but failed to uphold the same claim in regards to Thurstan, Abbot of Glastonbury. Previously, he was credited as the author of ''Historiola de primordiis episcopatus Somersetensis'', a history of the bishops of Wells, but he is no longer considered the author of that work.

Gisa died in 1088 and was buried at Wells Cathedral. When he died, he, along with Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester, were the only remaining bishops from Edward the Confessor's appointments.Stenton ''Anglo Saxon England'' p. 680 His tomb was opened in 1979, and a cross with verses from the Mass (liturgy), Mass for the Dead inscribed on it was found in his tomb.Bartlett ''England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings'' p. 597

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gisa
1088 deaths
Bishops of Wells
11th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
Year of birth unknown
People from Lorraine (duchy)