Ghiroda
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Ghiroda ( hu, Győröd; german: Altgiroda, as opposed to '' Neugiroda'', now a district of
Timișoara ), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor) , image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg , map_caption = Location in Timiș County , pushpin_map = Romania#Europe , pushpin_ ...
) is a
commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...
in
Timiș County Timiș () is a county ('' județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land area. T ...
,
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
. It is composed of two villages, Ghiroda and Giarmata-Vii ( hu, Kisgyarmatpuszta or ''Szőllőtelep''; german: Überland). It is located near
Timișoara ), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor) , image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg , map_caption = Location in Timiș County , pushpin_map = Romania#Europe , pushpin_ ...
, to the east. As a result of the development of the city, the commune shows characteristics of being a suburb of Timișoara.


Location

Ghiroda is located in the center of
Timiș County Timiș () is a county ('' județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land area. T ...
, a few kilometers northeast of
Timișoara ), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor) , image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg , map_caption = Location in Timiș County , pushpin_map = Romania#Europe , pushpin_ ...
, with which it borders. In practice, Ghiroda is attached to Timișoara. It is bounded to the south by the
Bega Canal The Bega Canal or Begej Canal (; hu, Béga-csatorna) is a navigation canal of Romania and Serbia. It is the first navigation canal built on the present-day territory of Romania, and serves the city of Timișoara. Its name comes from the Bega riv ...
. To the west, it connects to Timișoara through two streets that continue in the urban fabric of the municipality.


History

The oldest traces of habitation discovered on the current administrative territory of Ghiroda date from the
Eneolithic The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often voc ...
. In 2015, a site was discovered in the vicinity of the Timișoara–Lugoj railway, on a 90-meter-high terrace. Here were highlighted fragments of
pottery Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and por ...
attributed to the Gornești–Bodrogkeresztúr culture, which attest to an important habitation, in a settlement probably arranged on an island surrounded by water. Recent research has also shown traces of habitation from other eras: the
Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
,
Roman Dacia Roman Dacia ( ; also known as Dacia Traiana, ; or Dacia Felix, 'Fertile/Happy Dacia') was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 271–275 AD. Its territory consisted of what are now the regions of Oltenia, Transylvania and Banat (today ...
(2nd–3rd centuries AD) and, especially, the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
, when the habitation of this area became uninterrupted to this day. The first recorded mention of Ghiroda dates from 1332. In 1393 it appears mentioned in a document with the name ''villa Gyrod'', which shows that it was of high importance. Between Ghiroda and
Remetea Mare Remetea Mare ( hu, Temesremete; german: Großeinsiedel or ''Großremete'') is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Ianova and Remetea Mare (commune seat). Geography Remetea Mare is located in the center of Timiș C ...
existed in the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Habsburg period the village of Deg, now extinct. At the 1717 census, it appears with 24 houses and the name ''Girouda''. Count Mercy brought German settlers here, and the village became Romanian-German. Later, Count Perlas tried to introduce rice culture to Ghiroda, but was unsuccessful due to the unclayey soil. It belonged to the
Aerarium Aerarium, from ''aes'' (“bronze, money”) + -''ārium'' (“place for”), was the name given in Ancient Rome to the public treasury, and in a secondary sense to the public finances. ''Aerarium populi Romani'' The main ''aerarium'', that ...
until 1781, when it was bought by Mihály Sándor, and until 1896 it had several private owners. Hungarian colonists settled in the 19th century and the hearth of the village expanded substantially. In 1931, Ghiroda was a commune and included the Romanian villages of Crișan and Sever Bocu; later, they became part of the hearth of the locality. The history of Giarmata-Vii is closely related to the neighboring locality Giarmata, to which it belonged and whose inhabitants contributed to the establishment of the new settlement. It is a new locality, as it appears only at the beginning of the 19th century. The
Timișoara ), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor) , image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg , map_caption = Location in Timiș County , pushpin_map = Romania#Europe , pushpin_ ...
administration owned several uncultivated lands in the vicinity of the city, which it decided to put up for sale. The land was bought by the inhabitants of the neighboring villages, who became the first inhabitants of ''Überland''. This word of German origin is found in several
Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...
villages and designates an "overland". In the case of Giarmata-Vii, the term became the proper name of the locality. Under the name of ''Giarmata-Vii'' it appears only in 1943. In the beginning, the main occupation of the newly established was
viticulture Viticulture (from the Latin word for ''vine'') or winegrowing (wine growing) is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of ''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, ran ...
. An important moment for the history of Giarmata-Vii is the year 1948, when its inhabitants submitted to the
Timiș-Torontal County Timiș-Torontal was a county ( ro, județ) in the Kingdom of Romania. Its capital was Timișoara. The territory of the county had been transferred to Romania in 1920 from the Kingdom of Hungary under the Treaty of Trianon. Geography Timiș-Toro ...
Prefecture a memorandum requesting the detachment of the village from the commune of Giarmata and the establishment of a new commune. The memorandum was approved by the first praetor of Plasa Timișoara, Mihai Grivei, who decided to establish a rural commune called Viișoara. The Giarmata mayor's office accepted the decision to detach Giarmata-Vii from Giarmata on 21 February 1948. However, the proceedings did not continue, as the decision was met by the refusal of the
Ministry of Internal Affairs An interior ministry (sometimes called a ministry of internal affairs or ministry of home affairs) is a government department that is responsible for internal affairs. Lists of current ministries of internal affairs Named "ministry" * Ministry ...
. Starting with 1956, Giarmata-Vii is attached to the commune of Ghiroda.


Demographics

Ghiroda had a population of 6,200 inhabitants at the 2011 census, up 26% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are
Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...
(89.76%), with a minority of
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and  ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
(4.11%). For 3.84% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are
Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...
(78.76%), but there are also minorities of
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement
s (7.32%),
Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
s (5.69%) and
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...
s (1.6%). For 4.39% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.


Notes


References

{{Authority control Communes in Timiș County Localities in Romanian Banat