German Argentines (german: Deutschargentinier, es, germano-argentinos) are

Argentines Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, ...

of German ancestry as well as German citizens living in Argentina. They are descendants of Germans who immigrated to Argentina from Germany and elsewhere in Europe. Some German Argentines originally settled in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, then later immigrated to Argentina. Although Germany as a political entity was founded in 1871, the

German language German ( ) is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is als ...

and culture have traditionally been more important than the country of origin, as the basis of the ethnic and national consciousness of Germans. Today, German Argentines make up the fourth-largest ethnic group in Argentina, with over two million citizens of

Volga German The Volga Germans (german: Wolgadeutsche, ), russian: поволжские немцы, povolzhskiye nemtsy) are ethnic Germans who settled and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov ...

descent alone. German Argentines have founded German schools such as the

Hölters Schule The Hölters Institute (or Hölters Schule) is a school which integrates highschool, elementary school and kindergarten. It is located in the city of Villa Ballester, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was established in 1931 by Hermann H ...

and German-language newspapers such as the ''

Argentinisches Tageblatt ''Argentinisches Tageblatt'' () is a German-language weekly newspaper published every Friday in Buenos Aires, Argentina. History The newspaper was founded by a Swiss immigrant from Bern, Johann Alemann, and his son, Moritz, in 1878. It was firs ...

'' ("Argentine Daily"). German descendants even make up the majority of the population in several localities in the interior of the country.

German immigration to Argentina

Between 1885 and

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

the population of Argentina doubled due to an influx of millions of European immigrants during the Great European immigration wave to the country. German communities developed in some specific provinces, such as in the center and South of Buenos Aires Province (around towns such as

Coronel Suárez Coronel Suárez is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for Coronel Suárez Partido. Its population is largely made up of Argentines of Volga German descent. In its surroundings, within Coronel Suárez Parti ...

, Olavarría, Tornquist, etc.), in

Entre Ríos Province Entre Ríos (, "Between Rivers") is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires (south), Corrientes (north) and Santa Fe (west), and Uruguay in the east. Its capital is Paraná ...

, in the East of La Pampa Province, in

Misiones Province Misiones (, ''Missions'') is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes ...

, in Córdoba Province, in some localities of the

Chaco Province Chaco (; Wichi: ''To-kós-wet''), officially the Province of Chaco ( es, provincia del Chaco ), is one of the 23 provinces in Argentina. Its capital and largest city, is Resistencia. It is located in the north-east of the country. It is borde ...

, etc. Meanwhile, the urban German population settled in the city of

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

also developed their own German schools, hospitals, shops, theaters, sports clubs, and banks. Many of those who immigrated directly from Germany and settled in cities were assimilated into the upper-middle class of Buenos Aires, but maintained strong ties to German culture, providing their children with a German education so they would not be at a disadvantage if they returned to Germany. Inmigrantes del Imperio alemán en Argentina (1914)

Inmigrantes del Imperio alemán en Argentina (1914)

German immigration to Argentina occurred during five main time periods: pre–1870, 1870–1914, 1918–1933, 1933–1940 and post–1945. In the first period numbers were generally low; of note are the ''colonias alemanas'', first founded in the province of Buenos Aires in 1827. During the second period, Argentina experienced a boom in immigration due to massive economic expansion in the port of Buenos Aires and the wheat and beef producing

Pampas The Pampas (from the qu, pampa, meaning "plain") are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazi ...

. German immigrants began establishing themselves and developing newspapers, schools, and social clubs. A new, Germanic-Argentine identity gradually developed among the population. During the third period, after a pause due to World War I, immigration to Argentina resumed and Germans from Germany came in their largest numbers. This can be attributed to increased immigration restrictions in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

and

as well as the deteriorating conditions in post-World War I Europe. The two largest years of German immigration to Argentina were 1923 and 1924, with approximately 10,000 each year. This period is of particular interest because the older groups of German speakers began to feel a sense of cultural crisis due to the assimilation policies of the Argentine state, while the newcomers gave renewed life to German cultural institutions and created new ones. Between 1905 and 1933, the number of German schools rose from 59 to 176. Though found throughout Argentina, over 80% of these were located in Buenos Aires Province,

Misiones Misiones (, ''Missions'') is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes P ...

, or Entre Ríos in 1933. Further, attendance at German schools rose from 3,300 in 1905 to 12,900 in 1933. During the penultimate period, from 1933 to 1940, Argentina experienced another surge in German immigration. The majority were Jews from Germany although German opponents of Nazism also arrived. Half of the 45,000 German speakers who immigrated at this time settled in the city of Buenos Aires. They comprised 28% of total immigration to the country, as mass migration to Argentina was slowing. Two studies have been done on these arrivals' impact on the newspaper ''Das Argentinische Tageblatt'' and how it was used by anti-Nazi immigrants to contribute to the debate about fascism. The final period of German immigration to Argentina occurred between 1946 and 1950, when President Juan Perón ordered the creation of a ratline for prominent Nazis, collaborators and other fascists from Europe. During this period, Argentine diplomats and intelligence officers, on Perón's instructions, favored the settlement of former German political leaders. The country received 12,000 immigrants from Germany between 1946 and 1952, a smaller number than in previous periods. This meant that the concepts of acculturation and linguistic and cultural persistence were not dealt with in the same way. The group did not congregate as tightly and participated more in general culture. Further, due to

Anti-German sentiment Anti-German sentiment (also known as Anti-Germanism, Germanophobia or Teutophobia) is opposition to or fear of Germany, its inhabitants, its culture, or its language. Its opposite is Germanophilia. Anti-German sentiment largely began wit ...

that followed World War II, the pre-existing process of assimilation was not met with resistance by the new arrivals.

Volga German immigration to Argentina

Upon the invitation of Catherine the Great, 30,000 Germans immigrated to the

Volga The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchm ...

valley of Russia to establish 104 German villages from 1764 to 1767. A century after the first Germans had settled in the Volga region, Russia passed legislation that revoked many of the privileges promised to them by Catherine the Great. The sentiment in Russia became decidedly anti-German. Russia first made changes to the German local government. In 1874, a new military law decreed that all male Russian subjects, when they reached the age of 20, were eligible to serve in the military for 6 years. For the German colonists, this law represented a breach of faith. In the 1880s the Russian government began a subtle attack on the German schools. Just when Russia was abridging the privileges granted to the Germans in an earlier era, several nations in the Americas were attempting to attract settlers by offering inducements reminiscent of those of Catherine the Great. Soon after the military service bill became law, both Protestant and Catholic Volga Germans gathered and chose delegations to journey across the

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

to examine settlement conditions in countries like the

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

and

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

. Many

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the official religion in Brazil and Argentina was Roman Catholic. The ratio of Catholic to Protestant Volga Germans in South America was 7 to 1. The opposite was true in Russia, Protestant Volga Germans outnumbered Catholics by about 2 to 1. So despite the numerous stories told of Volga German immigrants being diverted to South America against their will or being sent there because they were denied entry to the US due to health reasons, Brazil and Argentina were the planned destination of many Catholic Volga German immigrants. Under the guidance of Andreas Basgall, Volga Germans started to relocate to Argentina from Brazil in December 1877, and in January 1878 they founded the first Volga German Colony Hinojo, in the province of Buenos Aires. Some large groups of Volga Germans on ships destined for Brazil were diverted to Argentina. These people settled in Colonia General Alvear in the province of Entre Ríos, which was made up of 6 Volga German villages. Additional Volga Germans, some from Brazil and others directly from Russia, arrived in Argentina over the next few years. Many other Volga Germans settled in colonies around the city of

, in Buenos Aires Province. The first census of the Volga Germans in Argentina was performed on March 31, 1881, in "Colonia General Alvear", Entre Rios Province. A complete census index of all the villages within the colony villages can be found her

This colony was composed of 6 villages: Asunción (Spatzenkutter), Concepción (Valle María), San José (Brasilera), Agricultores (Protestante), San Francisco (Pfeiffer), and Salto (Koeller). This census provides the date of arrival in the Colony (24 groups between 22 and 01-1878 and 24-04-1880), name, nationality, marital status, age and literacy. Five of six villages were Catholic. The single Lutheran village was Agricultores (Protestante or Protestantendorf). From both starting points of Colonia General Alvear and of Colonia Hinojo they spread in all directions. There are still fifteen villages in Entre Ríos populated by descendants of the original settlers, twelve of them are of Catholic origin, and the remaining three, Protestant. Currently, in Entre Ríos Province, most habitantes of Volga German descent live in towns like Crespo, Entre Ríos, Crespo, Ramírez, Urdinarrain, Galarza, and Maciá where they make up the majority of the population. Expansion from Colonia Hinojo went westwards comprising South of Buenos Aires Province and East of La Pampa Province; from there they reached Córdoba Province and Chaco Province. In La Pampa Province, Catholic settlers arrived from the South of Buenos Aires Province and Protestants did it from Entre Ríos Province. The former founded Santa María Colony and Santa Teresa Colony, the latter Guatraché, General San Martín, and Alpachiri (source: "Los Alemanes del Volga" 1977 Victor Popp - Nicolás Dening). At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Argentina was a liberal country with a very high GDP per capita. Despite the fact that, over the decades, the opposing ideology penetrated the country (although it never went that far), the generation born in the Volga region had long passed away peacefully in Argentina. For that reason, upon arriving in the country, the Volga German families were very happy even though they had to begin from scratch, because they were finally living in freedom. In contrast to their Volga German countrymen in Russia, they would never be exiled, they did not experience famines like the Soviet famine of 1930–1933 in the Volga region nor any mass shootings and deportation as under Stalin's regime. Finally, they were never dispossessed, they kept their land and their animalssomething they remain proud of to this day. The immigration of Germans from Russia to Argentina kept a steady pace until the beginning of World War I. Crespo, Entre Ríos, Crespo in Entre Ríos Province and

in Buenos Aires Province became the most outstanding centers of colonization, as in both cities people of Volga German descent make up the majority of the population. At present, the descendants of these people live disseminated all over Argentina. The numerous progeny of the founders and the division and distribution of their properties into smaller lots forced many of them to abandon the original colonization sites and find new occupations, frequently in towns or cities near the original colonies. The fact that Argentina appears among the most important grain producers of the world is, in part, the responsibility of its citizens of Volga German origin. Today the population of Volga German descent alone is well over 2 million in Argentina.

Historical ties between Argentina and Germany

Argentina and Germany had close ties to each other since the first wave of German immigration to Argentina. A flourishing relationship developed between Germany and Argentina as early as the

German Unification The unification of Germany (, ) was the process of building the modern German nation state with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without multinational Austria), which commenced on 18 August 1866 with adoption of t ...

, with Germany eventually coming to hold a privileged position in the Argentine economy. Later on, Argentina maintained a strong economic relationship with both Imperial Germany and the

British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts e ...

, supporting both their wartime economies with supply shipments during

. The military connection between

and

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...

has often been emphasized, and sympathy for Germany among the general staff in Buenos Aires contributed to establishing Argentina's policy of neutrality during the

First First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...

and most of

Second World Wars World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

. Great Britain and the United States became aware of the threat that some of Argentina's German-speakers, which were a quarter-million strong, acted as the Reich's agent. Many Argentines voiced open support for Nazi Germany. After World War II, under Juan Perón's administration, Argentina participated in establishing and facilitating secret escape routes out of

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

to South America for ex- SS officials. Former Nazi officials emigrated to United States, Russia and

, among others, in order to prevent prosecution. Some of them lived in

under their real names, but others clandestinely obtained new identities. Some well-known Nazis who emigrated to Argentina are

Obersturmbannführer __NOTOC__ ''Obersturmbannführer'' (Senior Assault-unit Leader; ; short: ''Ostubaf'') was a paramilitary rank in the German Nazi Party (NSDAP) which was used by the SA ('' Sturmabteilung'') and the SS (''Schutzstaffel''). The rank of ''Oberstu ...

Adolf Eichmann, doctors

Josef Mengele , allegiance = , branch = Schutzstaffel , serviceyears = 1938–1945 , rank = '' SS''-'' Hauptsturmführer'' (Captain) , servicenumber = , battles = , unit = , awards = , commands = , ...

and

Aribert Heim Aribert Ferdinand Heim (28 June 191410 August 1992), also known as Dr. Death and Butcher of Mauthausen, was an Austrian ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) doctor. During World War II, he served at the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp in Mauthausen, killin ...

, Commander

Erich Priebke Erich Priebke (29 July 1913 – 11 October 2013) was a German mid-level SS commander in the SS police force (SiPo) of Nazi Germany. In 1996, he was convicted of war crimes in Italy, for commanding the unit which was responsible for the Ar ...

, Commandant

Eduard Roschmann Eduard Roschmann (25 November 1908 – 8 August 1977) was an Austrian Nazi SS-''Obersturmführer'' and commandant of the Riga Ghetto during 1943. He was responsible for numerous murders and other atrocities. As a result of a fictionalized port ...

and General Lieutenant

Ludolf von Alvensleben Ludolf-Hermann Emmanuel Georg Kurt Werner von Alvensleben (17 March 1901 – 1 April 1970) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany. He held positions of SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland and the Soviet Union, and was indicted for war crim ...

German impact on culture in Argentina

Food

The influence of German culture has also influenced Argentine cuisine; the "Achtzig Schlag" cake, which was translated as ''Torta Ochenta Golpes'' in the country, can be found in some bakeries. In addition, dishes like chucrut (

sauerkraut Sauerkraut (; , "sour cabbage") is finely cut raw cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria. It has a long shelf life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid formed when the bacteria ferm ...

) and many different kinds of sausage-like

bratwurst Bratwurst () is a type of German sausage made from pork or, less commonly, beef or veal. The name is derived from the Old High German ''Brätwurst'', from ''brät-'', finely chopped meat, and ''Wurst'', sausage, although in modern German it is o ...

and others have also made it into mainstream Argentine cuisine.

Language

Today, most German Argentines do not speak German at home because of the decline of the language; however, some estimates suggest that 1.8 million Argentines of non-German descent have some knowledge of German. It is a language that can be heard all over the country, and this is partly maintained by the continued existence of German-speaking Argentines and some business connections. It is currently the fifth most spoken language in Argentina.

German colonies in Argentina

This is not an exhaustive list.

Buenos Aires Province

* Colonia Hinojo (5 January 1878) - originally called Colonia Santa María and called "Kamenka" by the colonists (named after a Volga German village in Russia). It is situated in Olavarría Partido. * Colonia Monte La Plata (1906) - mostly settled by

Black Sea Germans The Black Sea Germans (german: Schwarzmeerdeutsche; russian: черноморские немцы; uk, чорноморські німці) are ethnic Germans who left their homelands (starting in the late-18th century, but mainly in the e ...

. * Colonia Nievas (1885) - called Hölzel by the colonists. * Colonia San Miguel (3 October 1881) - called Dehler by settlers. * Colonia Santa Rosa (1899). * Colonia San Miguel Arcangel (1903). *

(1883). * San José (1887) - called Dehler by the colonists and situated in Coronel Suárez Partido. * Santa Trinidad (1887) - called Hildmann by the colonists and situated in Coronel Suárez Partido. * Santa María (1887) - called Kamenka by the colonists and situated in Coronel Suárez Partido. * Sierra de La Ventana (1908) * Stroeder * Tornquist (1883) *

Villa Gesell Villa Gesell is a seaside resort city in Villa Gesell Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was founded in 1931, with the intention of turning a dune field into a timber plantation.

(1931) * Verónica

Entre Ríos Province

Crespo, Entre Ríos Crespo is a city in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, some 40 km from the provincial capital Paraná. It has around 19,500 inhabitants (as per the ), most of whom are descendants of Volga Germans who migrated from Russia to Argentina f ...

* Colonia General Alvear (1878), includes the following 5

hamlets A hamlet is a human settlement that is smaller than a town or village. Its size relative to a parish can depend on the administration and region. A hamlet may be considered to be a smaller settlement or subdivision or satellite entity to a lar ...

: :Aldea Valle María (Mariental) : Aldea Spatzenkutter : Aldea Salto (Kehler) or Santa Cruz :Aldea San Francisco (Pfeiffer) : Aldea Protestante * Aldea Brasilera (1879) * Aldea María Luisa (1883) * Aldea San Juan (1889) * Aldea San Antonio (1889) * Aldea Santa Celia (1889) * Aldea San Miguel (1899) * Aldea Santa Anita (1900) * Aldea San Isidro (1921) *

Villa Paranacito Villa Paranacito is a town in the southeast corner of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, head town of the Islas del Ibicuy Departament. It is located in the third section of the delta at the heart of the low-lying Ibicuy Islands in the Par ...

(1906)

Córdoba Province

* Colonia Santa María * Colonia San José * Colonia Eldorado * Villa General Belgrano (1930) * La Cumbrecita * Villa Berna * Villa Alpina *

Villa María A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became sm ...

(with

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

and

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

immigrants) * Colonia Bismarck * Colonia Bremen * Corral de Bustos * Silvio Pellico (with

immigrants)

La Pampa Province

* Colonia Santa María (1909) * Alpachiri (1910) * Colonia San José (1910) * Colonia Barón (1915) * Winifreda (1915) * Colonia Santa Teresa (1921)

Chaco Province

Juan José Castelli Juan José Castelli (19 July 176412 October 1812) was an Argentine lawyer who was one of the leaders of the May Revolution, which led to the Argentine War of Independence. He led an ill-fated military campaign in Upper Peru. Juan José Castel ...

* La Florida

Santa Fe Province

* Colonia Esperanza (Swiss German) * Colonia San Carlos (Swiss German) * Colonia San Jerónimo/San Jerónimo Norte (Swiss German) * Gödeken

Formosa Province

Neuquén Province

Villa La Angostura Villa La Angostura (Spanish for ''Town of the Narrowing'') is a town located in the Los Lagos Department in the south of the Argentine province of Neuquén, on the northwest shore of the Nahuel Huapi Lake. Nestled in the northern part of the Nahu ...

* Villa Traful (1936) *

San Martín de los Andes San Martín de los Andes is a city in the south-west of the , serving as the administration centre of the Lácar Department. Lying at the foot of the Andes, on the Lácar lake, it is considered one of the main tourism destinations in the province. ...

(1898)

Río Negro Province

* San Carlos de Bariloche (1895) * Puerto Blest * Colonia Paso Flores * Colonia Suiza (Swiss German)

Chubut Province

Misiones Province

Eldorado El Dorado (, ; Spanish for "the golden"), originally ''El Hombre Dorado'' ("The Golden Man") or ''El Rey Dorado'' ("The Golden King"), was the term used by the Spanish in the 16th century to describe a mythical tribal chief (''zipa'') or king o ...

(1919) *

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and unincorporated ...

(founded by Catholic ethnic Germans recorded as Brazilian citizens when came to Argentina) *

Montecarlo Monte Carlo (; ; french: Monte-Carlo , or colloquially ''Monte-Carl'' ; lij, Munte Carlu ; ) is officially an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is ...

(founded by Protestant ethnic Germans recorded as Brazilians when came to Argentina) * Comandante Andresito *

Oberá Oberá, formerly Svea, is a city in the interfluvial province of Misiones, Argentina, and the head town of the Oberá Department. It is located 96 km east of the provincial capital Posadas, on National Route 14, and about 1,150 km nort ...

* Bonpland

Corrientes Province

* Colonia Liebig's (along with

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

and

Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...

immigrants) * Colonia Progreso

Quilmes

Cervecería y maltería or Quilmes Beer Company is an Argentine Brewery founded in 1888 in

Quilmes Quilmes () is a city on the coast of the Rio de la Plata, in the , on the south east of the Greater Buenos Aires. The city was founded in 1666 and it is the seat of the eponymous county. With a population of 230,810, it is located south of the ...

, Buenos Aires Province, by

Otto Bemberg Otto Bemberg (May 1, 1827 – March 2, 1895) was a German Argentine businessman prominent in the development of early Argentine industry. He is mostly notable for having been the founder of Cervecería y Maltería Quilmes, the largest brewery in t ...

, a German immigrant. His great-granddaughter

María Luisa Bemberg María Luisa Bemberg (April 14, 1922 – May 7, 1995) was an Argentine film writer, director and actress. She was one of the first Argentine female directors with a powerful presence both in the filmmaking and the intellectual world of Latin A ...

took over the company until she died in 1995 and her son,

Carlos Miguens Bemberg Carlos J. Miguens Bemberg (born 16 February 1949), is an Argentine businessman and descendant of the wealthy Bemberg family of immigrants to Argentina. Overview His parents were the architect Carlos Miguens and the film director María Luisa B ...

was the director from 1989 until his resignation on May 17, 2006.

San Carlos de Bariloche

Like many cities settled by Germans, its development was greatly influenced by them and today the city has many examples of

Chalet A chalet (pronounced in British English; in American English usually ), also called Swiss chalet, is a type of building or house, typical of the Alpine region in Europe. It is made of wood, with a heavy, gently sloping roof and wide, well-suppo ...

-style architecture brought by German, Swiss and Austrian immigrants. It was named after Carlos Weiderhold, a

German Chilean German Chileans ( es, germanochilenos; german: Deutsch-Chilenen) are Chileans descended from German immigrants, about 30,000 of whom arrived in Chile between 1846 and 1914. Most of these were from Bavaria, Baden and the Rhineland, and also from ...

from the city of Osorno who settled in the region, and the city has become one of Argentina's top tourist destinations.

Figures

Education

German schools: * Deutsche Schule Temperley * Deutsche Schule Villa Ballester *

Goethe-Schule Buenos Aires The Goethe-Schule Buenos Aires belongs to the Goethe School Association, a nonprofit Civil Association that brings together the parents of students. Since it is a German School Abroad (DAS), it is sponsored by the Federal Republic of Germany. It is ...

* Pestalozzi-Schule Buenos Aires Historic German schools:Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672

Archive
.

Bundestag The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament. It is the only federal representative body that is directly elected by the German people. It is comparable to the United States House of Representatives or the House of Common ...

(West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 16-18/51. *

* Nordschule ( Martinez) * Deutsche Schule (

Villa Adelina Villa Adelina is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is divided between the counties ('' partidos'') of San Isidro and Vicente López and forms part of the urban conurbation of Greater Buenos Aires. The town is named after Adelina ...

) * Reuter-Schule (Buenos Aires) * Rudolf-Steiner-Schule (

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

) * Deutsche Schule

Moreno Moreno may refer to: Places Argentina *Moreno (Buenos Aires Metro), a station on Line C of the Buenos Aires Metro *Moreno, Buenos Aires, a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina * Moreno Department, a depatnent of Santiago del Estero Province, ...

* Deutsche Schule

Munro A Munro () is defined as a mountain in Scotland with a height over , and which is on the Scottish Mountaineering Club (SMC) official list of Munros; there is no explicit topographical prominence requirement. The best known Munro is Ben Nev ...

* Gartenstadtschule — Colegio Ciudad Jardin — ( El Palomar) * Deutsche Schule Eduardo L. Holmberg (

) * Colegio Alemán "Steck" ( Villa General Belgrano) * Deutsche Schule Córdoba * Johann-Gutenberg-Schule ( Mar del Plata)

Famous German Argentines

This is not an exhaustive list. *

Alberto Ammann Alberto Ammann Rey (born 1978) is an Argentine actor. He has played various roles in films, television and theater, including the lead role in the Spanish film '' Cell 211'', which earned him a Goya Award for Best New Actor. He is also known ...

Film and TV actor *

Roberto Arlt Roberto Arlt (April 26, 1900 – July 26, 1942) was an Argentine novelist, storyteller, playwright, journalist and inventor. Biography He was born Roberto Godofredo Christophersen Arlt in Buenos Aires on April 26, 1900. His parents were bo ...

(short-story writer, novelist, and playwright) * Fabián Assmann (football player) *

Christian Bach Adela Christian Bach Bottino (May 9, 1959 – February 26, 2019), known as Christian Bach, was an Argentine-born Mexican actress and producer of telenovelas produced by companies such as Televisa, TV Azteca and Telemundo. Her most famous wor ...

(actress) *

(Previous owner of Quilmes, film writer, director, and actress) * Elsa Bornemann (one of the most important Children's literature writers in Latin America) *

Silvina Bullrich Silvina Bullrich (October 4, 1915 – July 2, 1990) was a best-selling Argentine novelist, as well as a translator, screenwriter, critic, and academic. She was known in Argentina as ''la gran burguesa'' ("the great bourgeois lady"). Life and ...

(writer) *

Patricia Bullrich Patricia Bullrich (born 11 June 1956) is an Argentine politician. She was Minister of Security under President Mauricio Macri and is the chairwoman of Republican Proposal. Born in Buenos Aires, Bullrich graduated from the University of Palermo a ...

(politician) *

Mario Bunge Mario Augusto Bunge (; ; September 21, 1919 – February 24, 2020) was an Argentine-Canadian philosopher and physicist. His philosophical writings combined scientific realism, systemism, materialism, emergentism, and other principles. He was ...

(philosopher and physicist) * Tamara Bunke (communist revolutionary) *

Sergio Denis Héctor Omar Hoffmann Fenzel, better known as Sergio Denis (16 March 1949 – 15 May 2020) was an Argentine singer-songwriter and occasional actor. Biography Héctor Omar Hoffmann Fenzel was born in a family of descendants from Volga Germans ...

(singer-songwriter); his real name is Héctor Omar Hoffmann. *

Erich Eliskases Erich Gottlieb Eliskases (15 February 1913 – 2 February 1997) was a chess player who represented Austria, Germany and Argentina in international competition. In the late 1930s he was considered a potential contender for the World Championship. ...

(competitive chess player) *

Juan Esnáider Juan Eduardo Esnáider Belén (; born 5 March 1973) is an Argentine former footballer who played as a striker, currently a manager. Having spent most of his career in Spain, he was known as a powerful player with an excellent aerial game. He s ...

(football player) * Rodolfo Fischer (football player) *

Rodolfo Freude Rodolfo Freude (1922–2003) was a close advisor of President Juan Perón of Argentina and served as his director of the Information Division (''División de Informaciones''). Freude, an Argentine citizen of German descent, is suspected of havi ...

(close advisor of Argentine President Juan Perón and served as his Director of the Information Division) * Matías Fritzler (football player) * Adolfo Gaich (football player) * Paolo Goltz (football player) * Claudio Graf (football player) *

Gabriel Heinze Gabriel Iván Heinze (; born 19 April 1978) is an Argentine football coach and former player who is currently the manager of Newell's Old Boys. As a player, he operated as a defender, either as a left-back or a centre-back. Nicknamed ''Gringo'' ...

(football player) *

Walter Herrmann Walter Herrmann Heinrich (born June 26, 1979) is an Argentine former professional basketball player. He is listed at 6'9" and 225 lbs. He was a key member of the senior men's Argentine national basketball team that won the gold medal durin ...

(basketball player) *

Natty Hollmann Natty Hollmann (1939 – 26 July 2021), also known by her married name Natty Petrosino, was an Argentine philanthropist and humanitarian known for her advocacy and work for the indigent. Early life Hollmann was born in July 1939, in Bahía Blanc ...

(also known as ''Naty Petrosino'', elected "International Woman of the Year"- 2006- by the Autonomous Region of Valle d'Aosta in Northern Italy, nominated for the

Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiolog ...

2009) *

René Houseman René Orlando Houseman (19 July 1953 – 22 March 2018), nicknamed ''Loco'', was an Argentine footballer, who played as a winger (association football), right winger. At the beginning of his career, Houseman was considered successor of legendary ...

(football player) * Juan José Imhoff (rugby player) *

Walter Kannemann Walter Kannemann (born 14 March 1991) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a central defender for Brazilian club Grêmio. Career San Lorenzo Atlas Grêmio On 15 July 2016 Grêmio officially announced the signing of Walter Kannemann fro ...

(football player) *

Néstor Kirchner Néstor Carlos Kirchner (; 25 February 195027 October 2010) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as the President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, Governor of Santa Cruz Province from 1991 to 2003, Secretary General of UNASUR and ...

(former President of Argentina) and his sister

Alicia Kirchner Alicia Margarita Kirchner (born 18 July 1946) is an Argentine politician. She is the elder sister of the late former President Néstor Kirchner and served in his government as Minister of Social Development, a role which she held under President ...

(minister, senator, and governor) *

Cristina Kirchner Cristina is a female given name, and it is also a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name *Cristina (daughter of Edward the Exile), 11th-century English princess *Cristina (singer), Cristina Monet-Palaci (1956–2020), American s ...

(former President of Argentina: Her mother, Ofelia Wilhelm, is of German descent) * Otto Krause (engineer and educator) *

Lucas Licht Lucas Matías Licht (born 6 April 1981) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Club Atlético Villa San Carlos mainly as a left-back but also as a left winger. Club career Born in Rosario, Santa Fe, Licht grew up in the youth acad ...

(football player) *

Federico Lussenhoff Federico Guillermo Lussenhoff (born 14 January 1974) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a central defender. In a career which lasted almost 20 years, he represented clubs in Mexico and Spain other than in his own count ...

(football player) *

Leonardo Mayer Leonardo Martín Mayer (; ''Mayer'' locally or , ; born May 15, 1987) is a former professional tennis player from Argentina. Mayer achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 21 in June 2015 and world No. 48 in doubles in January 2019. ...

(tennis player) * José Luis Meiszner (former president of Quilmes Atlético Club) * Nicole Neumann (fashion model) * Héctor Germán Oesterheld (comic writer, considered the greatest South American to work in his field) * Sebastian Prediger (football player) *

Carlos Reutemann Carlos Alberto "Lole" Reutemann (12 April 1942 – 7 July 2021) was an Argentine racing driver who raced in Formula One from to , and later became a politician in his native province of Santa Fe, for the Justicialist Party, and governor o ...

(former Formula One racing driver and politician) *Evelyn Scheidl (TV presenter) * Friedrich Schickendantz (chemist and philosopher) *

Rodrigo Schlegel Rodrigo Adrián Schlegel (born 3 April 1997) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender for Major League Soccer club Orlando City. Club career Racing Club Schlegel came through the youth system at Racing Club, transitionin ...

(football player) *

Jonathan Schunke Jonathan Cristian Schunke (born 22 February 1987) is an Argentine footballer A football player or footballer is a sportsperson who plays one of the different types of football. The main types of football are association football, American ...

(football player) *

Gabriel Schürrer Gabriel Francisco Schürrer Peralta (born 16 August 1971) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a central defender. He spent the better part of his career in Spain, appearing for five different clubs in nearly one fu ...

(football player) *Federico Seeber (TV journalist) * Sebastian Spreng (visual artist, journalist) *

René Strickler René Strickler (born April 27, 1962) is an Argentine actor. Telenovelas Show hosting * ''TVyNovelas Award The Premios TVyNovelas are presented annually by Televisa and the magazine TVyNovelas to honor the best Mexican television producti ...

(actor) *Guido Süller (TV celebrity) * Silvia Süller (actress) *

Nieves Zuberbühler Nieves Zuberbühler (born 1987) is an Argentine journalist, reporter, and producer. She worked as an associate producer for ''60 Minutes'', where she interviewed the last surviving prosecutor from the Nuremberg trials, before working as a correspo ...

(reporter) * Santiago Zurbriggen (football player) *

Ernesto Tornquist Ernesto Carlos Tornquist (31 December 1842 – 17 June 1908) was an Argentinian entrepreneur and businessman, considered to be one of the most important entrepreneurs in Argentina at the end of the 19th century. The diversified business empire he ...

(prominent manager, he founded the Tornquist Bank, the Tornquist city and

Tornquist Partido Tornquist Partido is a partido in the southwest of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina and is named after Ernesto Tornquist, founder of Tornquist, the partido's main city. The provincial subdivision has a population of about 12,000 inhabitants in ...

in Buenos Aires Province among many other contributions) *

Mariano Werner Mariano Werner (born December 30, 1988 in Paraná, Entre Ríos) is an Argentine professional motor racing driver. he is currently competing in Turismo Carretera (TC), Turismo Nacional (TN) and TC Pick Up series. Throughout his career, he has w ...

(car racer) * Christian von Wernich (notorious Roman Catholic chaplain of the Buenos Aires Province Police during the

Dirty War The Dirty War ( es, Guerra sucia) is the name used by the military junta or civic-military dictatorship of Argentina ( es, dictadura cívico-militar de Argentina, links=no) for the period of state terrorism in Argentina from 1974 to 1983 as ...

) *

Martina Stoessel Martina Stoessel Muzlera (; born 21 March 1997), known professionally as Tini (stylised in all caps), is an Argentine singer, songwriter, actress, dancer and model. She began her career by appearing on the Argentine children's television series ...

(actress, dancer, singer, model) * Federico Sturzenegger (economist, President of the Central Bank) *

Javier Weber Carlos Javier Weber (born 6 January 1966) is an Argentine professional volleyball coach and former player, a former member of the Argentina men's national volleyball team, Argentina national team. Weber represented his native country in 3 Olympi ...

(Handball player, bronze medalist Seoul '88) *

Alejandro Wiebe Alejandro Wiebe known by his stage name Marley (born 1 June 1970 in Carapachay, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) is an Argentine TV host, comedian and producer. He is currently working for TV channel Telefe. Early life Wiebe and his old ...

(TV host, nicknamed "Marley")

References

Bibliography

* https://web.archive.org/web/20070307113755/http://www.webbitt.com/volga/so-amer.html * http://deila.dickinson.edu/patagonia/newsite/mosaic01pat/projectsGermansKorell.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20060831124139/http://www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/grhc/media/magazines/articles/argentina.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131650/http://www.sippo.ch/files/news/press_06ra.pdf *Baily, Samuel, “Italian Immigrants in Buenos Aires and New York City, 1870-1914: A Comparative Analysis of Adjustment,” in Mass Migration to Modern Latin America, 2003, edited by Samuel Baily and Eduardo José Míguez, (Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.), 69-80. *Bjerg, María, “The Danes in the Argentine Pampa: The Role of Ethnic Leaders in the Creation of an Ethnic Community, 1848-1930,” in Mass Migration to Modern Latin America, 2003, edited by Samuel Baily and Eduardo José Míguez, (Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.), 147-166. *Graefe, Iris Barbara, 1971, Zur Volkskunde der Rußlanddeutschen in Argentinien, (Vienna: Verlag A. Schnell). *Groth, Hendrik, 1996, Das Argentische Tageblatt: Sprachohr der demokratischen Deutschen und der deutsch-jüdischen Emigration, (Hamburg: Lit Verlag). *Kazal, Russel, 2004, Becoming Old Stock: The Paradox of German-American Identity, (Princeton: Princeton University Press). *Luebke, Frederick C., 1987, Germans in Brazil: A Comparative History of Cultural Conflict During World War I, (Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University). *Luebke, Frederick C., 1974, Bonds of Loyalty: German-Americans and World War I, (DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press). *Lütge, Wilhelm, Werner Hoffmann, Karl Wilhelm Körner, Karl Klingenfuss, 1981, Deutsche in Argentinien: 1520-1980, (Buenos Aires: Verlag Alemann). *Micolis, Marisa, 1973, Une communauté allemande en Argentine: Eldorado: Problèmes d’intégration socio-culturelle, (Québec, Centre international de recherches sur le bilinguisme). *Moya, José, “Spanish Emigration to Cuba and Argentina,” in Mass Migration to Modern Latin America, 2003, edited by Samuel Baily and Eduardo José Míguez, (Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.), 9-28 *Newton, Ronald C., 1977, German Buenos Aires, 1900-1933: Social Change and Cultural Crisis, (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press). *Nugent, Walter, 1992, Crossings: The Great Transatlantic Migrations, 1870-1914 (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press). *Saint Sauveur-Henn, Anne, “Die deutsche Einwanderung in Argentinien, 1870-1933. Zur Wirkung der politischen Entwicklung in Deutschland auf die Deutschen in Argentinien,” in Nationalsozialismus und Argentinien: Beziehungen, Einflüsse und Nachwirkungen, 1995, edited by Helger Medding, (Frankfurt: Peter Lang – Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften), 11-30. *Saint Sauveur-Henn, Anne, 1995, Un siècle d'émigration allemande vers l'Argentine, (Cologne, Germany: Boehlau). *Scobie, James, 1974, Buenos Aires: From Plaza to Suburb, 1870–1910, (New York: Oxford University Press). *Seyferth, Giralda, “German Immigration and Brazil's Colonization Policy,” in Mass Migration to Modern Latin America, 2003, edited by Samuel Baily and Eduardo José Míguez, (Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.), 227-244. *Solberg, Carl, 1970, Immigration and Nationalism, Argentina and Chile 1890-1914, (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press). *Weyne, Olga, 1986, El Último Puerto: Del Rhin al Volga y del Volga al Plata, (Buenos Aires: Editorial Tesis S.A.). *Young, George, 1974, The Germans in Chile: Immigration and colonization, 1849–1914, (Staten Island, New York: Center for Migration Studies New York). * Schönwald, M.: Deutschland und Argentinien nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Politische und wirtschaftliche Beziehungen und deutsche Auswanderung 1945-1955, (Sammlung Schöningh zur Geschichte und Gegenwart).

External links

* http://www.tageblatt.com.ar/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20070323024324/http://www.alemanesvolga.com.ar/ {{Authority control

Immigration to Argentina

German immigration to Argentina

Volga German immigration to Argentina

Historical ties between Argentina and Germany

German impact on culture in Argentina

Food

Language

German colonies in Argentina

Buenos Aires Province

Entre Ríos Province

Córdoba Province

La Pampa Province

Chaco Province

Santa Fe Province

Formosa Province

Neuquén Province

Río Negro Province

Chubut Province

Misiones Province

Corrientes Province

Quilmes

San Carlos de Bariloche

Figures

Education

Famous German Argentines

See also

References

Bibliography

External links