Geothermal power in Russia
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Geothermal energy is the second most used form of renewable energy in Russia but represents less than 1% of the total energy production. The first geothermal power plant in Russia, which was the first Binary cycle power station in the world, was built at Pauzhetka, Kamchatka, in 1966, with a capacity of 5 MW. The total geothermal installed capacity is 81.9 MW, with 50 MW coming from a plant at Verkhne-Mutnovsky.Two other plants were built on the Kamchatka Peninsula in 1999 and 2002. Two smaller additional plants were installed on the islands of Kunashir and Iturup in 2007. Most geothermal resources are currently used for heating settlements in the
North Caucasus The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, ...
and Kamchatka. Half of the geothermal production is used to heat homes and industrial buildings, one third is used to heat greenhouses and 13% is used for industrial processes. Five major geothermal power plants exist in Russia. Russia currently deveploing a new 100 MW geothermal power plant at Mutnovsky and a 50 MW plant in Kaliningrad.


Potential

Potential resources include the Northern Caucasus, Western Siberia, Lake Baikal, and in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. There are estimates according to which the potential of geothermal energy in Russia significantly exceeds the reserves of fossil fuel (up to 10-15 times). Reserves of geothermal water (temperature 40-200 C, depth of occurrence up to 3500 m) revealed in Russia are about 14 million m³ of hot water per day, which corresponds to about 30 million tons of fuel equivalent The most accessible geothermal potential is concentrated in Kamchatka and the
Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (; rus, Кури́льские острова́, r=Kuril'skiye ostrova, p=kʊˈrʲilʲskʲɪjə ɐstrɐˈva; Japanese: or ) are a volcanic archipelago currently administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the ...
. The resources of Kamchatka's geothermal fields are estimated at 250-350 MW of electricity (according to other sources - 2000 MW ), the Kuril Islands - at 230 MW, which potentially allows completely covering the needs of the regions for electricity, heat supply and hot water. Substantial volumes of geothermal resources are located in the North Caucasus, Stavropol and Krasnodar regions . In particular, 12 geothermal deposits have been explored in
Dagestan Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North C ...
, in the
Chechnya Chechnya ( rus, Чечня́, Chechnyá, p=tɕɪtɕˈnʲa; ce, Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), officially the Chechen Republic,; ce, Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the ...
- 14 deposits, in the
Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of t ...
- 13 deposits. In general, the explored resources of the geothermal coolant in the North Caucasus make it possible to operate power plants with a capacity of about 200 MW. In Dagestan, geothermal heat carrier is being extracted for heat supply, more than 100 thousand people use geothermal heating In the
Kaliningrad Region Kaliningrad Oblast (russian: Калинингра́дская о́бласть, translit=Kaliningradskaya oblast') is the westernmost federal subject of Russia. It is a semi-exclave situated on the Baltic Sea. The largest city and administra ...
, there is a geothermal field with a coolant temperature of 105–120 °C, potentially suitable for use in the power industry. There is a project of a binary GeoPP with a capacity of 4 MW in the city of Svetly. In the central part of Russia, the high-temperature geothermal coolant is mainly located at depths of more than 2 km, which makes it economically ineffective to use it for power generation purposes. It is possible to use a heat carrier with a temperature of 40-60 °C, lying at a depth of 800 m, for heat supply. In Western Siberia, while drilling oil and gas wells at a depth of 1 km, geothermal resources of the West Siberian artesian basin were discovered, the potential of which is estimated at more than 200 million Gcal per year


List of geothermal power stations

List of geothermal power stations in Russia


See also

* Energy policy of Russia *
Geothermal energy Geothermal energy is the thermal energy in the Earth's crust which originates from the formation of the planet and from radioactive decay of materials in currently uncertain but possibly roughly equal proportions. The high temperature and pres ...
*
Renewable energy by country This is a list of renewable energy topics by country and territory. These links can be used to compare developments in renewable energy in different countries and territories and to help and encourage new writers to participate in writing about ...
*
Renewable energy in Russia Renewable energy in Russia mainly consists of hydroelectric energy. In 2010, the country was the sixth largest producer of renewable energy in the world, although it was 56th when hydroelectric energy was not taken into account. Some 179  ...
* Wind power in Russia


References

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