George Oakley Totten, Jr.
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George Oakley Totten Jr. (December 5, 1866 – February 1, 1939), was one of
Washington D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, Na ...
’s most prolific and skilled
architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
s in the
Gilded Age In United States history, the Gilded Age was an era extending roughly from 1877 to 1900, which was sandwiched between the Reconstruction era and the Progressive Era. It was a time of rapid economic growth, especially in the Northern and Wes ...
. His international training and interest in architectural decoration led to a career of continuous experimentation and stylistic eclecticism which is clearly evident in many of his works. The mansions he designed were located primarily on or near Dupont, Sheridan (including
Embassy Row Embassy Row is the informal name for a section of Northwest Washington, D.C. with a high concentration of embassies, diplomatic missions, and diplomatic residences. It spans Massachusetts Avenue N.W. between 18th and 35th street, bounded by ...
), and Kalorama circles and along 16th Street, N.W., near Meridian Hill. Most now serve as embassies, chanceries, or offices for national or international organizations, their important public or semi-public functions, combined with their urbanistically integrated close-in locations, make them particularly visible exemplars of Washington's peculiar mixture of turn-of-the-century political and social life.


Biography

Totten was born in
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on December 5, 1866, a son of George Oakley and Mary Elizabeth (Styles) Totten and a descendant of John Totten, from whom Tottenville, Staten Island, was named. After receiving his early education at public schools in
Newark, New Jersey Newark ( , ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County and the second largest city within the New York metropolitan area.Newark Technical School, he graduated from
Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...
with a Ph.B in 1891 and an A.M. in 1892. He was awarded Columbia's McKim travelling fellowship in 1893, and for the next two years studied at the '' Ecole des Beaux Arts'' and '' Atelier Daumet-Esquie''. He returned to the United States and in 1896, was appointed chief designer in the
Office of the Supervising Architect The Office of the Supervising Architect was an agency of the United States Treasury Department that designed federal government buildings from 1852 to 1939. The office handled some of the most important architectural commissions of the nineteenth ...
, Department of the Treasury. He continued in that position until 1898, when he established an independent architectural practice in Washington D.C., which he continued until his demise. He was the architect for many public buildings in that city and drew plans for ten legations and embassy buildings, including the Turkish, Polish, Belgian, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, and Danish legations, and the former French embassy. He was an advisor when the U.S. Capitol Building was remodelled. He also designed many private city and country dwellings in Washington, including a group of houses in the 2600 block of 16th Street, N.W., representing several styles of architecture. He also designed homes in Vermont and New Jersey. He was architect for a number of government buildings including the post office at
Waterbury, Connecticut Waterbury is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut on the Naugatuck River, southwest of Hartford and northeast of New York City. Waterbury is the second-largest city in New Haven County, Connecticut. According to the 2020 US Census, in 20 ...
and the $3 million post office and federal court building at
Newark, New Jersey Newark ( , ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County and the second largest city within the New York metropolitan area.H. H. Richardson's Warder Mansion (1885–88), at 1515 K Street NW, from demolition. He disassembled the stonework and some of the interiors, transported them about 1.5 miles from downtown to Meridian Hill, and re-erected the building alongside his house for use as apartments. The Warder Mansion is the only surviving building by Richardson in Washington, D.C. He was active in professional architecture related associations. From 1897 to 1939, he served as secretary and vice president of the American section of the permanent committee of the
International Congress of Architects International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...
. During
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, he served as a major with the Army Corps of Engineers. In 1926, he authored ''Maya Architecture''. On August 22, 1921, he married noted sculptor and artist
Vicken von Post-Börjesson Hedvig Erika ("Vicken") von Post Börjeson Totten (March 12, 1886 – June 21, 1950) was a Swedish ceramicist, sculptor, painter, and illustrator.Glenn B. Opitz, ed., ''Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers'', Ap ...
of Sweden. They had two sons: George Oakley Totten III, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Political Science from the
University of Southern California , mottoeng = "Let whoever earns the palm bear it" , religious_affiliation = Nonsectarian—historically Methodist , established = , accreditation = WSCUC , type = Private research university , academic_affiliations = , endowment = $8.1 ...
, and Gilbert von Post Totten. He died at Washington, D.C., on February 1, 1939.


Selected works

* Christian Hauge House, 2349 Massachusetts Ave., NW,
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
- 1906 ''(now Embassy of Cameroon)'' *
Congressional Club The Congressional Club (founded in 1908) is an historic clubhouse located at 2001 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., in the U Street Corridor. The organization it hosts, which is the official club of congressional spouses, was created in M ...
, 2001 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., NRHP-listed *
Franklin MacVeagh Franklin MacVeagh (November 22, 1837July 6, 1934) was an American politician, lawyer, grocer and banker. He served as the United States Secretary of the Treasury under President William Howard Taft. Biography MacVeagh was born on November 2 ...
House (the " Pink Palace"), 2600 16th St., NW,
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
- 1906 ''(now headquarters of
Inter-American Defense Board The Inter-American Defense Board (IADB) is an international committee of nationally appointed defense officials who develop collaborative approaches on common defense and security issues facing countries in North, Central, and South America. The ...
)'' * Moran House, 2315 Massachusetts Ave., NW,
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
- 1908 ''(now Embassy of Pakistan)'' * Edward Hamlin Everett House, 1606 23rd St., NW,
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
- 1914 ''(now Residence of the Ambassador of Turkey)'' *2535 15th St., NW,
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
- 1922 ''(now Embassy of Ecuador)'' * Josephine Butler Parks Center, Washington, D.C., NRHP-listed * Langley Park,
Langley Park, Maryland Langley Park is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is located inside the Capital Beltway, on the northwest edge of Prince George's County, bordering Montgomery County. ...
- 1924 ''(now CASA of Maryland multicultural services building)'' * Meridian Hall, 2401 15th St., NW, Washington, D.C., NRHP-listed * Embassy Building No. 10, 3149 16th Street, NW, Washington, D.C., built 1928, Renaissance Revival, NRHP-listed


References


District of Columbia Historic Preservation Review Board, Staff Report and Recommendations regarding 2230 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Mar 27, 2008 (accessed Sep 30, 2008)


*''Who Was Who in America, 1897–1942,'' (1942, New York: A.N. Marquis, Co.), p. 1247. *''The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography'', Vol. XLI, (1956, New York: James T. White Co.), p. 496.


Gallery

Image:Embassy of Cameroon - Washington, D.C.jpg, Christian Hauge House ( Embassy of Cameroon), 2349 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. Image:Pink Palace DC.JPG, Inter-American Defense Board ("The Pink Palace"), 2600 16th St., NW, Washington, D.C. Image:Ecuadorean_Embassy_in_Washington,_D.C._(15-07-2006).jpg, Embassy of Ecuador, 2535 15th Street NW, Washington, D.C. File:Langley Park Mansion Sep 10.JPG, Langley Park,
Langley Park, Maryland Langley Park is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is located inside the Capital Beltway, on the northwest edge of Prince George's County, bordering Montgomery County. ...
, September 2010 File:Embassy Building -10.jpg, Embassy Building No. 10, built 1928.


External links


Photograph of the Residence of the Ambassador of Turkey (Flickr website) (accessed Oct 1, 2008)


{{DEFAULTSORT:Totten, George Oakley 1866 births 1939 deaths Architects from New York City Architects from Washington, D.C. American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts Preservationist architects Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation alumni New Jersey Institute of Technology alumni 19th-century American architects 20th-century American architects