George Champlin Mason Jr. (1849–1924) was an American architect who is considered the first professional architectural preservationist in the United States.

Career

George Champlin Mason Jr. was born in 1849 to Frances (Dean) and George Champlin Mason Sr. in

Newport, Rhode Island Newport is an American seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island. It is located in Narragansett Bay, approximately southeast of Providence, south of Fall River, Massachusetts, south of Boston, and northeast of New Yor ...

. He was educated at the local Berkeley Institute and at the Oak Hill Military Academy in

Yonkers, New York Yonkers () is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. Developed along the Hudson River, it is the third most populous city in the state of New York, after New York City and Buffalo. The population of Yonkers was 211,569 as en ...

. His father was a well-known Newport architect, and Mason Jr. began working in his firm at the age of eighteen. Four years later, in 1871, his father made him a partner and renamed the firm George C. Mason & Son. He stayed in this partnership until his father's death in 1894. Mason's earliest commission is thought to be the Thomas Cushing House in Newport, designed in 1869-70 as an essay in the Stick style. Around the time he joined his father's firm, he designed the Frederick Sheldon house (since destroyed), which is considered by some historians to be the earliest

Colonial Revival The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture. The beginnings of the Colonial Revival style are often attributed to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, which reawakened Americans to the archit ...

house in the United States. In the 1880s he designed the main building (now known as

Luce Hall Luce Hall was the first purpose-built building for the U.S. Naval War College, founded at Newport, Rhode Island, in 1884. It is located at Building 1, Luce Avenue, Naval Station Newport. The building is named after Rear Admiral Stephen Luce. In ...

) of the

Naval War College The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associ ...

. In 1888, he moved to Philadelphia with his new wife, Sarah (Borie) Mason, and opened a branch of the firm there. Mason became interested in American architectural history early in his career and wrote a number of articles on the subject. He became a fellow of the

American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to su ...

at the age of 25 and was one of the founders of the Rhode Island chapter, later becoming secretary of the Philadelphia chapter. He was made chairman of an AIA subcommittee that was set up to survey American colonial architecture with the goal of drawing attention to the work of early American architects. He wrote the committee's report, which was published in ''American Architect and Building News ''and illustrated with his own drawings. One major effect of this survey was to clearly distinguish between the American Colonial (including

First Period First Period is an American architecture style in the time period between approximately 1626 and 1725, used by British colonists during the earliest English settlements in United States, particularly in Massachusetts and Virginia and later in ...

and

Colonial Georgian Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is named after the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, Georg ...

), the

Federal Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...

, and the Colonial Revival building styles, ending the practice of considering these names as interchangeable terms for a single style. He used this forum to call for architects of the future to pay closer attention to the principles that had guided colonial architects and not just "find quaint details to copy in modern work and then unblushingly christen those works Queen Anne or Georgian." With his strong interest in history, it is not surprising that after his father's death, Mason began to pursue commissions that involved historical preservation. Indeed, after 1895, it is thought that he did almost no original design work of the kind he had done while partnered with his father. His most extensive preservationist efforts were in Newport and Philadelphia. In Newport, he restored a monument to Admiral de Ternay at Trinity Episcopal Church in 1872, and in 1884 he restored the Sabbatarian Meeting House, which had been built in 1730 as a Seventh Day Baptist Church, installing tension rods to correct walls that had gone out of vertical alignment. He also encouraged the

Newport Historical Society The Newport Historical Society is a historical society in Newport, Rhode Island that was chartered in 1854 to collect and preserve books, manuscripts, and objects pertaining to Newport's history. History of the society Although the society ...

to buy the church for its headquarters, and it became the society's first headquarters and remains part of its complex today. He fought against a proposal to demolish the Old Brick Market, which had been built in 1760, on grounds of the quality of its design by the early American architect Peter Harrison. In this latter effort, he became one of the first architectural preservationists to argue from primarily aesthetic rather than purely historical grounds, and he has been called the first professional restoration architect in the United States. Thanks in part to Mason's efforts, Old Brick Market was saved and now houses the

Museum of Newport History The Museum of Newport History is a history museum in the Old Brick Market building in the heart of Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It is owned and operated by the Newport Historical Society at 127 Thames Street on Washington Square. The b ...

. In 1895 to 1896, Mason restored the Senate Chamber in

Congress Hall Congress Hall, located in Philadelphia at the intersection of Chestnut and 6th Streets, served as the seat of the United States Congress from December 6, 1790, to May 14, 1800. During Congress Hall's duration as the capitol of the United State ...

in Philadelphia, an initiative launched by

The Colonial Dames of America The Colonial Dames of America (CDA) is an American organization composed of women who are descended from an ancestor who lived in British America from 1607 to 1775, and was of service to the colonies by either holding public office, being in th ...

. He died in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, in 1924. He is buried in the

Laurel Hill Cemetery Laurel Hill Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery in the East Falls neighborhood of Philadelphia. Founded in 1836, it was the second major rural cemetery in the United States after Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston, Massachusetts. The cemetery is ...

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...

Selected publications

* "Colonial Architecture." ''American Architect and Building News'', Aug. 20, 1881.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mason, George Champlin Jr. 1849 births 1924 deaths American architectural historians American male non-fiction writers 19th-century American architects Architects from Newport, Rhode Island Architects from Philadelphia Fellows of the American Institute of Architects Writers from Newport, Rhode Island