Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (, ) is a sovereign country in the West Indies. It lies at the juncture of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, at 17°N latitude. The country consists of two maj ...

lie in the eastern arc of the

Leeward Islands french: Îles-Sous-le-Vent , image_name = , image_caption = ''Political'' Leeward Islands. Clockwise: Antigua and Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Saint kitts and Nevis. , image_alt = , locator_map = , location = Caribbean SeaNorth Atlantic Ocean , coor ...

of the

Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles ( es, link=no, Antillas Menores; french: link=no, Petites Antilles; pap, Antias Menor; nl, Kleine Antillen) are a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. Most of them are part of a long, partially volcanic island arc betwe ...

, separating the

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

from the

Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( es, Mar Caribe; french: Mer des Caraïbes; ht, Lanmè Karayib; jam, Kiaribiyan Sii; nl, Caraïbische Zee; pap, Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico ...

Antigua Antigua ( ), also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population, is an island in the Lesser Antilles. It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua and Bar ...

is southeast of

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...

;

Barbuda Barbuda (), is an island located in the eastern Caribbean forming part of the sovereign state of Antigua and Barbuda. It is located north of the island of Antigua and is part of the Leeward Islands of the West Indies. The island is a popular ...

lies due north of Antigua, and the uninhabited island of

Redonda Redonda is an uninhabited Caribbean island that is a part of Antigua and Barbuda, in the Leeward Islands, West Indies. The island is about long, wide, and is high at its highest point. This small island lies between the islands of Nevis and ...

is southwest of Antigua. The largest island of Antigua, is 21 km (about a dozen miles) across and 281 km² (about a hundred square miles) in area. Barbuda covers while Redonda encompasses . The capital of Antigua and Barbuda is St. John's, located at St. John's Harbour on the northwest coast of Antigua. The principal city of Barbuda is Codrington, located on Codrington Lagoon.

Geology

Antigua and Barbuda both are generally low-lying islands whose terrain has been influenced more by

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

formations than

volcanic activity Volcanism, vulcanism or volcanicity is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon, where lava, pyroclastics, and volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface called a ...

. The highest point on Antigua is

Boggy Peak Boggy Peak, named Mount Obama from 2009 to 2016, is the highest point of the Shekerley Mountains on the island of Antigua. It lies in the southwest region of the island, and rises to a height of . History The area has significant cultural herit ...

, the remnant of a

volcanic A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates a ...

crater rising 402 meters (1,319 ft). This mountain is located amid a bulge of

hills A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit. Terminology The distinction between a hill and a mountain is unclear and largely subjective, but a hill is universally considered to be not as ...

of volcanic origin in the southwestern part of the island. Lake Estate is the third tallest recorded point on Antigua. The limestone formations in the northeast and northwest are separated from the southwestern volcanic area by a central plain of

clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4). Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay par ...

formations. The map of northeastern Antigua features several small and tiny islands, some inhabited.{{ Barbuda's highest elevation is {{Convert, 44.5, m, part of the highland plateau east of Codrington. The shorelines of both islands are greatly indented with beaches, lagoons, and natural harbors. The islands are rimmed by reefs and shoals. There are few streams as rainfall is slight. Both islands lack adequate amounts of fresh groundwater. Tiny

rises to {{Convert, 246, m, , abbr= and has very little level ground, while Barbuda is very flat with few if any hills.{{Fact, date=June 2021

Oceanography

Due to the spread out islands it has an Exclusive Economic Zone of {{convert, 110,089, km2, mi2, abbr=on.{{Fact, date=June 2021

Islands

{{div col, content= *

{{coord, 17, 5, 0, N, 61, 48, 0, W **

Prickly Pear Island Prickly Pear Island is an islet approx. 650 metres off the north shore coast of Hodges Bay on the much larger island of Antigua, West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the ...

{{coord, 17, 10, 33, N, 61, 47, 53, W **

Great Bird Island Great Bird Island is a tiny islet lying almost three kilometers north-east of Antigua. Measuring just , it is smaller than most city parks. It is a private island but open to the public. Flora and Fauna The island is the only place on Earth ...

{{coord, 17, 8, 46, N, 61, 43, 31, W ** Galley Island Major {{coord, 17, 08, 35.5, N, 61, 43, 37.5, W ** Galley Island Minor **

Exchange Island Exchange may refer to: Physics *Gas exchange is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Places United States * Exchange, Indiana, an unincorporated community * ...

{{coord, 17, 08, 11, N, 61, 43, 23, W ** Rabbit Island {{coord, 17, 8, 10, N, 61, 43, 52, W **

Lobster Island Lobsters are a family (Nephropidae, synonym Homaridae) of marine crustaceans. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, ...

{{coord, 17, 8, 1, N, 61, 43, 47, W **

Long Island Long Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of New York (state), New York, part of the New York metropolitan area. With over 8 million people, Long Island is the most populous island in the United Sta ...

{{coord, 17, 9, 19, N, 61, 45, 14, W ** Maiden Island {{coord, 17, 8, 44, N, 61, 45, 48, W ** Rat Island {{coord, 17, 7, 44, N, 61, 46, 11, W ** Little Bird Island {{coord, 17, 09, 27, N, 61, 44, 17, W ** Hells Gate Island {{coord, 17, 8, 26, N, 61, 43, 18, W **

Monocle Point Island A monocle is a type of corrective lens used to correct or enhance the visual perception in only one eye. It consists of a circular lens, generally with a wire ring around the circumference that can be attached to a string or wire. The other ...

Red Head Island Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to Orange (colour), orange and opposite Violet (color), violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the ...

{{coord, 17, 8, 16, N, 61, 43, 41, W **

Guiana Island Guiana Island (or Guana Island) is an island off the northeast coast of Antigua, between the Parham Peninsula and Crump Island. It forms the southern coast of the North Sound, and is the fourth largest island of Antigua and Barbuda. Flora ...

{{coord, 17, 7, 26, N, 61, 43, 57, W **

Crump Island Crump Island is an island off the northeast coast of Antigua. It is located to the southeast of Guana Island in Belfast Bay, close to the town of Seaton's Seatons is a village in Saint Philip Parish, located on eastern Antigua island in Antig ...

{{coord, 17, 6, 32, N, 61, 43, 8, W **

Nanny Island A nanny is a person who provides child care. Typically, this care is given within the children's family setting. Throughout history, nannies were usually servants in large households and reported directly to the lady of the house. Today, modern ...

(Henry Island) {{coord, 17, 04, 05, N, 61, 41, 26, W ** Laviscounts Island {{coord, 17, 5, 57, N, 61, 43, 24, W ** Bird Island {{coord, 17, 4, 45, N, 61, 40, 20, W ** Round Island ** Hawes Island {{coord, 17, 6, 46, N, 61, 43, 40, W ** Little Island ** Green Island {{coord, 17, 4, 11, N, 61, 39, 58, W ** Pelican Island {{coord, 17, 06, 21, N, 61, 42, 17, W ** York Island {{coord, 17, 3, 11, N, 61, 40, 9, W **

Codrington Island Codrington Island is a small uninhabited island off the north-east coast of Antigua. Location and landscape Codrington Island lies on the north-east coast of Atlantic, in the Mercers Creek Bay in about 50 meters from the Antigua shore and appr ...

{{coord, 17, 6, 9, N, 61, 42, 21, W **

Blake Island Blake Island is a Puget Sound island in Kitsap County, Washington, Kitsap County, Washington (state), Washington, United States, that is preserved as Blake Island Marine State Park. The island lies north of Vashon Island, south of Bainbridge Isl ...

{{coord, 17, 0, 52, N, 61, 46, 58, W **

Cinnamon Island Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus ''Cinnamomum''. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, sweet and savoury dishes, breakfa ...

{{coord, 17, 7, 21, N, 61, 47, 9, W ** Hawksbill Rock {{coord, 17, 6, 43, N, 61, 54, 8, W ** Johnson Island {{coord, 17, 01, 31, N, 61, 53, 28, W ** Maiden Island {{coord, 17, 5, 44, N, 61, 53, 14, W ** Moor Rock {{coord, 17, 09, 49, N, 61, 45, 27.0, W ** Mouse Island {{coord, 17, 07, 42.0, N, 61, 46, 13, W ** Neck of Land {{coord, 17, 03, 40, N, 61, 40, 29, W ** Sandy Island {{coord, 17, 8, 4, N, 61, 55, 36, W ** Smith Island {{coord, 17, 2, 27, N, 61, 40, 48, W ** The Sisters {{coord, 17, 9, 39, N, 61, 52, 6, W ** Vernon's Island {{coord, 17, 6, 51, N, 61, 46, 8, W ** Wicked Will Island {{coord, 17, 02, 53.5, N, 61, 40, 19.5, W *

{{coord, 17, 37, 0, N, 61, 48, 0, W ** Goat Island {{coord, 17, 42, 20, N, 61, 50, 49, W **

Kid Island Kid, Kids, KIDS, and K.I.D.S. may refer to: Common meanings * Colloquial term for a child or other young person ** Also for a parent's offspring regardless of age * Engage in joking * Young goats * The goat meat of young goats * Kidskin, leath ...

{{coord, 17, 41, 47, N, 61, 48, 52, W ** Man of War Island {{coord, 17, 40, 5, N, 61, 51, 5, W ** Rabbit Island {{coord, 17, 42, 23, N, 61, 49, 36, W *

{{coord, 16, 56, 20, N, 62, 20, 30, W

Climate

The islands' climate is classified as Tropical Maritime{{Fact, date=June 2021 and is moderated by fairly constant northeast tradewinds, with velocities ranging between {{convert, 30, and, 48, km/h, mph, 0, abbr=on. There is little precipitation because of the islands' low elevations. The pleasant climate fosters

tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring (disambiguation), touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tour (disambiguation), tours. Th ...

. Rainfall averages {{convert, 990, mm, in, 0, abbr=on per year, with the amount varying widely from season to season. In general the wettest period is between September and November. The islands generally experience low humidity and recurrent droughts.

Hurricane A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

s strike on an average of once a year between July and October.{{Fact, date=June 2021 Temperatures average {{convert, 27, °C, 1, with a range from {{convert, 23, °C, 1 in the winter to {{convert, 30, °C in the summer and autumn. On 12 August 1995, a temperature of {{convert, 34.9, C, F, abbr=on was recorded at St. John's. This is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Antigua and Barbuda.{{cite web , url=http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/Our_Climate.html , title=Our Climate , publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service , access-date=30 October 2016 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305012206/http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/Our_Climate.html , archive-date=5 March 2017 , url-status=live {{cite web , url=http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_dailytemp.html , title=Normal Daily Temperature: TEMPERATURE AT V.C. Bird International Airport , publisher=Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Service , access-date=30 October 2016 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031025855/http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_dailytemp.html , archive-date=31 October 2016 , url-status=live The coolest period is between December and February. {{Weather box , location = St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda (

V. C. Bird International Airport V. C. Bird International Airport is an international airport located on the island of Antigua, northeast of St. John's, the capital of Antigua and Barbuda. History The airport originally was operated by the United States Army Air Forc ...

) , metric first = yes , single line = yes , Jan record high C = 31.2 , Feb record high C = 31.8 , Mar record high C = 32.9 , Apr record high C = 32.7 , May record high C = 34.1 , Jun record high C = 32.9 , Jul record high C = 33.5 , Aug record high C = 34.9 , Sep record high C = 34.3 , Oct record high C = 34.1 , Nov record high C = 32.6 , Dec record high C = 31.5 , year record high C = 34.9 , Jan high C = 28.3 , Feb high C = 28.4 , Mar high C = 28.8 , Apr high C = 29.4 , May high C = 30.2 , Jun high C = 30.6 , Jul high C = 30.9 , Aug high C = 31.2 , Sep high C = 31.1 , Oct high C = 30.6 , Nov high C = 29.8 , Dec high C = 28.8 , year high C = 29.8 , Jan mean C = 25.4 , Feb mean C = 25.2 , Mar mean C = 25.6 , Apr mean C = 26.3 , May mean C = 27.2 , Jun mean C = 27.9 , Jul mean C = 28.2 , Aug mean C = 28.3 , Sep mean C = 28.1 , Oct mean C = 27.5 , Nov mean C = 26.8 , Dec mean C = 25.9 , year mean C = 26.9 , Jan low C = 22.4 , Feb low C = 22.2 , Mar low C = 22.7 , Apr low C = 23.4 , May low C = 24.5 , Jun low C = 25.3 , Jul low C = 25.3 , Aug low C = 25.5 , Sep low C = 25.0 , Oct low C = 24.4 , Nov low C = 23.9 , Dec low C = 23.0 , year low C = 24.0 , Jan record low C = 15.5 , Feb record low C = 16.6 , Mar record low C = 17.0 , Apr record low C = 16.6 , May record low C = 17.8 , Jun record low C = 19.7 , Jul record low C = 20.6 , Aug record low C = 19.3 , Sep record low C = 20.0 , Oct record low C = 20.0 , Nov record low C = 17.7 , Dec record low C = 16.1 , year record low C = 15.5 , precipitation colour=green , Jan precipitation mm = 56.6 , Feb precipitation mm = 44.9 , Mar precipitation mm = 46.0 , Apr precipitation mm = 72.0 , May precipitation mm = 89.6 , Jun precipitation mm = 62.0 , Jul precipitation mm = 86.5 , Aug precipitation mm = 99.4 , Sep precipitation mm = 131.6 , Oct precipitation mm = 142.2 , Nov precipitation mm = 135.1 , Dec precipitation mm = 83.4 , year precipitation mm = 1049.2 , Jan precipitation days = 11.1 , Feb precipitation days = 8.7 , Mar precipitation days = 7.3 , Apr precipitation days = 7.2 , May precipitation days = 8.6 , Jun precipitation days = 8.3 , Jul precipitation days = 11.8 , Aug precipitation days = 12.7 , Sep precipitation days = 12.0 , Oct precipitation days = 12.9 , Nov precipitation days = 12.4 , Dec precipitation days = 12.1 , year precipitation days = 124.7 , unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm , source 1 = Antigua/Barbuda Meteorological Services{{cite web , url= http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_dailytemp.html , publisher = Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Services , title= Normals and averages: temperature at V.C Bird International Airport , access-date=14 October 2012{{cite web , url= http://www.antiguamet.com/Climate/STATS/coolidge_monthlyrainfall.html , publisher = Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Services , title= Normals and averages: rainfall at V.C Bird International Airport , access-date=14 October 2012{{cite web , url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=78862&ano=2021&mes=10&day=17&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30 , title=78862: Vc Bird International Airport Antigua (Antigua and Barbuda) , author= , date= 17 October 2021, website=ogimet.com , publisher= OGIMET , access-date= 17 October 2021, quote= , date=October 2012 Valley Rd, Antigua and Barbuda - panoramio (1)

Valley Rd, Antigua and Barbuda - panoramio (1)

Environmental issues

{{Excerpt, Environmental issues in Antigua and Barbuda

Statistics

; Location: :

are

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

islands between the

and the North

, east-southeast of

. ; Geographic coordinates: : {{coord, 17, 03, N, 61, 48, W, type:country ; Area :* Total: {{Convert, 442.6, km2, , abbr=on (Antigua {{Convert, 280, km2, , abbr=on; Barbuda {{Convert, 161, km2, , abbr=on) :*''country comparison to the world:'' 205 :* Land: {{Convert, 442.6, km2, , abbr=on :* Note: Includes Redonda, {{Convert, 1.6, km2, , abbr=on: ; Maritime claims: :* Territorial sea: {{convert, 12, nmi, km mi, 1 :* Contiguous zone: {{convert, 24, nmi, km mi, 1, lk=in :* Exclusive economic zone: {{convert, 110,089, km2, mi2, abbr=on and {{convert, 200, nmi, km mi, 1 :* Continental shelf: {{convert, 200, nmi, km mi, 1 or to the edge of the continental margin ; Terrain:Mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas ; Land use :* Arable land: 20.5% :* Permanent crops: 2.3% :* Permanent pasture: 9.1% :* Forest: 22.3% :* Other: 57.2% (2011) ; Irrigated land:{{Convert, 1.3, km2, , abbr=on (2012) ; Total renewable water resources : {{convert, 0.05, km3, cumi, abbr=on (2011) ; Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural) :* Total: {{convert, 0.01, km3, cumi, abbr=on/yr (63%/21%/15%) :* Per capita: {{convert, 97.67, m3, cuyd, abbr=on, 0/yr (2005) ; Environment - current issues : Water management, a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources, is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly ; Environment:international agreements :* Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-

Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part ...

, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling ; Geography - note : Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches. Antigua's southernmost point is Cape Shirley. : Barbuda has a large western harbor.

Extreme points

Antigua

* Northernmost point –

Boon Point Boon Point is the northernmost point on the island of Antigua. It is located to the west of Humphry's Bay at , close to the settlement of Cedar Grove, Antigua and Barbuda, Cedar Grove. References

Headlands of Antigua and Barbuda Saint Joh ...

* Easternmost point - Man of War Point, Green Island * Easternmost point (mainland only) - Neck of Land * Southernmost point - Nanton Point * Southernmost point (including Redonda) - headland on southern coast of Redonda (''also the southernmost point in Antigua and Barbuda'') * Westernmost point - Five Islands * Westernmost point (including Redonda) - headland on Western coast of Redonda (''also the westernmost point in Antigua and Barbuda'') * Westernmost point (mainland only) - Pearns Point * Lowest point:

: 0 m * Highest point:

: {{Convert, 402, m, , abbr=on

Barbuda

* Northernmost point – Goat Point (''also the northernmost point in Antigua and Barbuda'') * Easternmost point - unnamed headland on eastern coast (''also the easternmost point in Antigua and Barbuda'') * Southernmost point -

Coco Point Coco commonly refers to: * Coco (folklore), a mythical bogeyman in many Hispano- and Lusophone nations Coco may also refer to: People * Coco (given name), a first name, its shorthand, or unrelated nickname * Coco (surname), a list of people wi ...

* Westernmost point - Cedar Tree Point

References

{{reflist *{{CIA World Factbook {{Geography of North America {{North America topic, Climate of