Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) is a self-reported
questionnaire
A questionnaire is a research instrument that consists of a set of questions (or other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from respondents through survey or statistical study. A research questionnaire is typically a mix of ...
for screening and severity measuring of
generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about events or activities. Worry often interferes with daily function ...
(GAD).
GAD-7 has seven items, which measure severity of various signs of GAD according to reported response categories with assigned points.
The GAD-7 items include: 1) nervousness; 2) inability to stop worrying; 3) excessive worry; 4) restlessness; 5) difficulty in relaxing; 6) easy irritation; and 7) fear of something awful happening. Assessment is indicated by the total score, which is made up by adding together the scores for the scale of all seven items. The GAD-7 was originally validated in a primary care sample and a cutoff score of 10 (which the authors considered optimal) had a sensitivity value of 0.89 and a specificity value of 0.82 for identifying GAD. The authors of the questionnaire also found acceptable sensitivity and specificity values when the questionnaire was used as a general screen to identify other anxiety disorders (Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety, and PTSD) (GAD-7, score ≥ 8: sensitivity: 0.77, specificity: 0.82).
GAD-7 is a sensitive self-administrated test to assess generalized anxiety disorder, normally used in outpatient and primary care settings for referral to a psychiatrist pending outcome.
The normative data enable users of the GAD-7 to discern whether an individual's anxiety score is normal, or mildly, moderately, or severely elevated. However, it cannot be used as replacement for
clinical assessment and additional evaluation should be used to confirm a
diagnosis
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine " cause and effect". In systems engin ...
of GAD.
The scale score adds each of the 7 items, with responses getting 0 to 3 points. An additional question at the end asks for a global rating of the severity of the patient's anxiety over the past 2 weeks.
*Not at all (0 points)
*Several days (1 point)
*More than half the days (2 points)
*Nearly every day (3 points)
Reliability and validity
The GAD-7 has shown adequate internal consistency reliability and validity for assessing anxiety across a wide range of samples and settings. It has been used in more than 2500 peer reviewed publications indexed in PubMed (current searc
here. The consensus is that it can efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research. A meta-analysis found that it achieved acceptable accuracy at a cutoff point of 8 (sensitivity of 0.83, specificity: 0.84, pooling 12 samples and 5223 participants).
The use of sumscores (i.e. summing the scores of each item) is supported by psychometric studies in some contexts, but using techniques based on factor analysis are deemed more precise.
See also
*
Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine " cause and effect". In systems engin ...
*
Patient Health Questionnaire
References
External links
*
Free online version of GAD-7 supported b
HGAPS.orgScoring info on GAD-7
Anxiety screening and assessment tools
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