Gary Marks
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Gary Marks (born 1952 in London) is an American-based academic and an expert on multilevel governance and the European Union. He is a Burton Craige Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States ...
. He is also a recurring Research Fellow at th
Robert Schuman Centre, EUI, Florence
Marks developed the concept of " multilevel governance.”


Early life

Gary Marks was born in 1952 in London, UK. He completed a B.Soc.Sc. at
Birmingham University , mottoeng = Through efforts to heights , established = 1825 – Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery1836 – Birmingham Royal School of Medicine and Surgery1843 – Queen's College1875 – Mason Science College1898 – Mason Univers ...
in England and received his M.A. in political science from
University of California, Santa Barbara The University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara or UCSB) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Santa Barbara County, California, Santa Barbara, California with 23,196 undergraduate ...
in 1974. In 1982 he received his PhD in political science from
Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
. He was a student of
Seymour Martin Lipset Seymour Martin Lipset ( ; March 18, 1922 – December 31, 2006) was an American sociologist and political scientist (President of the American Political Science Association). His major work was in the fields of political sociology, trade union o ...
and
Gabriel Almond Gabriel Abraham Almond (January 12, 1911 – December 25, 2002) was an American political scientist best known for his pioneering work on comparative politics, political development, and political culture. Biography Almond was born on January 12, ...
.


Academic career

Marks took up a tenure-track position at the University of Virginia in 1982. In 1986 Marks moved to UNC-Chapel Hill where he became Associate Professor in 1989, Full Professor in 1994 and Burton Craige Distinguished Professor in 2004. From 2004 to 2016 Marks was also chair in Multilevel Governance at the VU University Amsterdam. Gary Marks has been a visiting fellow/professor at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford; Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona; the University of Twente, Enschede; Sciences Po, Paris; the Higher Institute of Sciences in Vienna; the WZB in Berlin; the Hanse wissenschaftskolleg in Delmenhorst; the Free University of Berlin; and the EUI, Florence. He was recipient of an Advance
European Research Council
Grant (2010–2015) for a research program titled "Causes and Consequences of Multilevel Governance". In 2011, he was awarded the Humboldt Research Prize for his contributions to political science. In 2017, he was awarded the Daniel J. Elazar Distinguished Federalism Award from the American Political Science Association.


Publications and leadership

Marks has published multiple books, several special issues and he has authored or co-authored many articles. From 1997 to 1999, Marks was the Chair of the European Union Studies Association. At the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill he was the founding Director o
the Center for European Studies and the European Union Center for Excellence at UNC-CH
which he led from 1994 to 2006.


Multilevel governance

Multilevel governance (MLG) can be described as the dispersion of authority away from central states to subnational and supranational levels. Marks developed this concept to characterize the European Union decision-making dynamics in a 1993 publication. Since then, the concept has been featured in the titles of many articles and several dozen books. Marks’ research over the past decade has sought to theorize the causes and consequences of MLG and systematize information about governance at the subnational and international levels; to analyze preferences and conflicts over multilevel governance, especially in Europe; to understand the causality of multilevel governance in a broad comparative frame, drawing on literature in political science, history, economics, and sociology; and to generate data that is suitable for testing expectations in these fields. In a 1996 Journal of Common Market Studies article, Marks and co-authors develop the concept of multilevel governance and contrast it with intergovernmentalism. “Instead of the two-level game assumptions adopted by state centrists, MLG theorists posit a set of overarching, multi-level policy networks… The presumption of multi-level governance is that these actors participate in diverse policy networks, and this may involve sub-national actors — interest groups and subnational governments — dealing directly with supranational actors.” In their 2003
American Political Science Review The ''American Political Science Review'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all areas of political science. It is an official journal of the American Political Science Association and is published on their behalf by Cambridg ...
article Marks and Hooghe conceptualize two ideal-types of MLG, general purpose (or Type I) and task-specific (or Type II) governance, with the goal of theorizing the "unraveling of the state" in Europe and beyond.Henrik Enderlein, Sonja Wälti, Michael Zürn, eds., Handbook on Multi-Level Governance (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010), Introduction. Type I governance, predominant within states, roots jurisdictions around human communities at differing scales. These jurisdictions—international, national, regional, meso, local—are general-purpose. They bundle multiple functions, including a range of policy responsibilities, and in many instances, a court system and representative institutions. The boundaries of such jurisdictions do not intersect. The result is an elegant system of jurisdictions nested across levels and non-overlapping at any particular level. Type II governance, predominant above states, conceives of jurisdictions built around policy problems. Governance is fragmented into functionally specific pieces—specialised jurisdictions. Each makes a delimited set of authoritative decisions on a particular problem, task, or issue. Jurisdictions are problem-encompassing; each jurisdiction specialises in one or a few governance functions; the number of such jurisdictions is potentially huge, and the scales at which they operate vary finely. The jurisdictions overlap, intersect, and rarely co-ordinate.


Personal life

Marks is married to fellow political scientist
Liesbet Hooghe Liesbet Hooghe (born December 1, 1962, in Oudenaarde, Belgium) is a Belgian political scientist, currently serving as the W. R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is also a research fel ...
.


Works

* * * * * * * * * *Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Marks, Arjan Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Sandra Chapman Osterkatz, Sarah Shair-Rosenfield (2016)
''Measuring Regional Authority: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance''
Vol.I. Oxford: Oxford University Press. *Hooghe, Liesbet and Gary Marks (2016)
''Community, Scale and Regional Governance: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance''
Vol. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. *Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Marks, Tobias Lenz, Jeanine Bezuijen, Besir Ceka, Svet Derderyan (2017)
Measuring ''International Authority: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance''
Vol. III. Oxford: Oxford University Press. *Hooghe, Liesbet, Tobias Lenz, Gary Marks (2019). ''A Theory of International Organization: Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance, Vol. IV.'' Oxford: OUP. In print.


References


External links


Marks' homepage
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marks, Gary 1952 births Living people University of California, Santa Barbara alumni Stanford University alumni English expatriates in the United States English political scientists University of Virginia faculty University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty European Union and European integration scholars