The Garowe Principles were a set of agreements between the

Transitional Federal Government The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) (, , ) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Somalia from 14 October 2004 until 20 August 2012. It was established in Nairobi, Kenya, following the Transitional National Govern ...

(TFG) of

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

and various Somali stakeholders outlining a framework for the interim administration's scheduled political transition in August 2012 to a permanent, representative government. The agreements were signed during the Somali National Consultative Constitutional Conference held in

Garowe Garowe (, ,Puntland Puntland is an autonomous state that considers itself to be part of Somalia, despite not accepting the legitimacy of Somalia's current governing administration. It was formed in 1998, and was a federal member state of Somalia from its fou ...

region. The conference was attended by representatives from the TFG, Puntland,

Galmudug Galmudug (; ), officially Galmudug State of Somalia (), is a States and regions of Somalia, Federal Member State in central Somalia, with its capital at Dhusamareb. It is bordered to the north by the Puntland state of Somalia, to the west by the S ...

Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a (ASWJ) () is a Somalia-based paramilitary group consisting of moderate Sufis opposed to radical Salafism. The group opposes extremist interpretations of Islam, as well as laws banning music and khat. The group seeks to pr ...

, and civil society groups from various parts of the country.Somalia: Garowe conference comes to a close
Second Garowe Conference Concludes

Somali National Consultative Constitutional Conference

In the first conference held on 15 December 2011, the signatories agreed on the following key provisions: * downsizing the national parliament * creating a bicameral federal legislature * assuring women at least 30% of parliament seats * establishing a national constituent assembly to oversee implementation of the principles. The choice between a presidential or hybrid governing systems would be decided at a later point. This agreement is known as the Garowe Principles I. The second conference was held on 15 February 2012. The signatories agreed on reaffirming the Garowe I Principles, the establishment of federal states as referenced in the Transitional Federal Charter of 2004, deciding the status of

Mogadishu Mogadishu, locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and List of cities in Somalia by population, most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting traders across the Indian Ocean for millennia and has ...

by a federal parliament, and recognizing Puntland as a founding federal state. This agreement was the final accord of the conference and is known as the Garowe Principles II.

London Somalia Conference

The London Somalia Conference held in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

on 23 February 2012 was attended by 55 delegations from Somalia and the international community. In its communiqué, the conference: * agreed that the mandate of the Transitional Federal Institutions ends in August 2012, as planned * endorsed the Garowe Principles, including Garowe II, and undertook to reward progress and thwart parties impeding the political process The host of the conference Prime Minister

David Cameron David William Donald Cameron, Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016. Until 2015, he led the first coalition government in the UK s ...

mentioned in his opening speech that the second meeting held in Garowe had made real progress. The UN Secretary General also stated that he welcomed the resolutions of the Garowe II conference, adding that they "significantly advance the road map and make the peace process more inclusive."

Galkayo Amendment

On 29 March 2012, signatories of the Garowe Principles and Mogadishu Roadmap met in

Galkayo Galkayo (, ,Dr Badal Kariye Ba Bsit Ma Mba & Phd, ''The Kaleidoscopic Lover: The Civil War in the Horn of Africa & My Itinerary for a Peaceful Lover'', (AuthorHouse: 2010), p.116. Italian: ''Gallacaio also known as Rocca Littorio'') is the third ...

to amend and monitor the progress of implementation of the signed agreements. One notable change was the decrease in members of the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) from 1000 to 825. President Farole and other signatories also agreed to for traditional leaders chosen to select the NCA members to meet on 25 April.

References

{{reflist, 2 * * * * Garowe Politics of Somalia