Ganymede City

''3001: The Final Odyssey'' is a 1997 science fiction novel by British writer Arthur C. Clarke. It is the fourth and final book in Clarke's ''Space Odyssey'' series.

Plot summary

The novel begins with a brief prologue describing the bioforms – dubbed the First-Born – who created the black monoliths. They evolved from "primordial soup", and over the course of millions of years, became a space-faring species. Perceiving that nothing was more precious than "mind", they catalysed the evolution of intelligent species wherever they went, by increasing the intelligent species' chance of survival. After visiting Earth, the First-Born found a way to impress themselves into the fabric of space and time, becoming effectively immortal. Meanwhile, the monoliths—implied to have been forgotten by their creators when they ascended to a higher state of being—continued to watch over their subjects.

''3001'' follows the adventures of Frank Poole, the astronaut killed by the HAL 9000 computer in '' 2001: A Space Odyssey''. One millennium later, Poole's freeze-dried body is discovered in the Kuiper belt by a comet-collecting space tug named the ''Goliath'', and revived. Poole is taken home to learn about the Earth in the year 3001. Some of its notable features include the BrainCap, a brain–computer interface technology; genetically engineered dinosaur servants; and four gigantic space elevators located evenly around the Equator. Humans have also colonised the Jovian moons Ganymede and Callisto. ''TMA-1'', the black monolith found on the Moon in 1999, had been brought to Earth in 2006 and installed in front of the United Nations Building in New York City.

Poole integrates into the society of 3001, but is prompted by a friend to revisit Europa, a cradle of nascent life from which the monolith had banned humanity almost a thousand years earlier. It is believed he might be the first person allowed to visit there. On Europa he is greeted by the voice of David Bowman and computer HAL 9000, who have now become a single entity—''Halman''—residing as digitized lifeforms in the monolith's computational matrix. In subsequent conversations he learns that the monoliths themselves are mechanisms, answerable to an unknown superior monolith, or perhaps lifeforms, almost 450 light-years away.

Thirty years later, Poole is married, and a member of a small team responsible for monitoring Europa. Halman contacts him to warn that following the events of '' 2010: Odyssey Two'' and '' 2061: Odyssey Three'', the Jovian monolith had sent a report to its superior monolith, containing details about the human species after first contact. Since this report took place shortly after the wars of the 20th century, Halman believes the response just received after the 900-year round trip contains instructions to destroy humanity, due to its failure as a species.

Unsure whether they can physically harm the Monolith, the Europa team decide instead to infect it – as a computational mechanism – with a computer virus. Poole requests Halman to act as a Trojan Horse and place the virus inside the monolith, where it will be executed. Suitable computer and biological viruses already exist in the Pico Vault, an ultrasecure storage on the Moon, used for the most dangerous agents of these kinds. The Europa team also agree to leave a petabyte-capacity holographic 3D storage medium on Europa to allow Halman and other lifeforms in the monolith to upload themselves and escape the monolith's failure.

The monolith does receive orders to exterminate humanity, and starts a duplication, whereupon millions of monoliths form two cascade screens to prevent Solar light and heat from reaching Earth and its colonies, but the monoliths all quickly disintegrate as a result of the virus. The monoliths' makers' response to its destruction will occur in another 900 years as the earliest possibility.

The petabyte storage device, containing Halman and other lifeforms, but also infected with the virus, is subsequently sealed by scientists in the Pico Vault. At the close of the story, Poole and other humans land on Europa to start peaceful relations with the primitive native Europans. A statement is made that the monolith's makers will not determine humanity's fate until "the Last Days".

Characters

Main characters

* Frank Poole: ''3001's'' protagonist, Frank Poole has been revived by highly advanced medicine, a thousand years after being killed by HAL during the ''Discovery's'' original mission. Given Frank's role in a very important sequence of events for humanity, which among other things led to the artificial creation of the star Lucifer from Jupiter,The book refers to "the conversion of Jupiter into the mini-sun Lucifer in 2061," which is either a typo or a rare slip of memory on the part of the author, because the conversion of Jupiter into a mini-sun actually happens in 2010. Poole is warmly received by humanity as an important, if ancient and strange, personality. All this, Poole takes in his stride.
* Dr. Indra Wallace: A specialist on the history of the early twenty-first century, Wallace acts as Poole's cultural guide. As time goes on, Poole and Wallace recognize their attraction to one another, and so start a family, having children named Dawn Wallace and Martin Poole, before separating amicably some years later.
* Halman: a merging of the entities that were once HAL 9000 and Dave Bowman, Halman communicates with Poole at various points throughout the novel, warning Poole of the possibility that the monoliths may issue negative judgment against humanity.

Minor characters

* Dimitri Chandler: Captain of the ''Goliath'', Chandler mines the outer solar system for ice material which is slowly pushed towards the inner solar system, to make the inner planets habitable through long-term terraforming. While in this region of space, he discovers Poole's corpse. Later, after Poole's recovery and cultural acclimation, Chandler ferries Poole to the Jupiter (now Lucifer) system, to see the intervening developments which have taken place in the solar system over the past millennium.
* Professor Anderson: a medical doctor, Anderson leads the medical team which revived Poole, and works with Indra Wallace both to aid Poole's convalescence, and also to manage his cultural shock at awakening into a strange future world.
* Dr. Stephen Del Marco: Alive at a future time (2513 AD) which is yet in the novel's distant past, Del Marco is the discoverer of TMA-0 in Africa: an earthbound monolith matching the lunar monolith which had been discovered hundreds of years earlier, in ''2001''. The implications of this discovery are that humanity finally becomes aware that it was artificially conditioned to evolve intelligently (already known omnisciently to readers of ''2001''), thus permanently discrediting all major religions.
* Dr. Theodore "Ted" Khan: A resident of Ganymede, Dr. Khan is contemptuous of religion, identifying it as a mental disorder. Poole's exchanges with Khan about the redeeming qualities of religious people in his own period are part of a larger theme in the novel, of religion versus irreligion, with the "primitive" Poole sometimes resenting the future world's blanket condemnation of religious people, despite himself being a man of science.

Adaptations

In 2000, ''Yahoo!'' reported that MGM and actor/director Tom Hanks were in discussions regarding adapting both ''2061: Odyssey Three'' and ''3001: The Final Odyssey'' into movies, with Hanks reportedly to play Frank Poole in the ''3001'' film. An update in 2001 stated that there was no further development on the project.

On 3 November 2014, it was reported that the US TV channel Syfy had ordered a miniseries adaptation of ''3001: The Final Odyssey'' into production, planned for broadcast in 2015. The miniseries would be executive-produced by Ridley Scott, David W. Zucker and Stuart Beattie; the latter would also be the primary script-writer. The estates of both Clarke and '' 2001: A Space Odyssey'' director Stanley Kubrick were reported as having "offered their full support", but the extent of their involvement was not known at the time. In February 2016, within Syfy's press release for its television pilot ''Prototype'', other series including the ''Final Odyssey'' series were mentioned as being in development.

Notes

References

Further reading

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External links

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{{Footer The Novels of Arthur C. Clarke

1997 British novels
1997 science fiction novels
Fiction set in the 31st century
British science fiction novels
Del Rey books
Fiction set on Jupiter
Fiction set in the Kuiper belt
Novels by Arthur C. Clarke
Space Odyssey