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Gadi Eisenkot or Eizenkot ( he, גדי איזנקוט; born 19 May 1960) was the 21st Chief of General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (16 February 2015 – 15 January 2019). He is the originator of the so-called
Dahiya doctrine
The Dahiya doctrine, or Dahya doctrine, is a military strategy of asymmetric warfare, outlined by former Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Chief of General Staff Gadi Eizenkot, which was disclosed in 2008 as "the use of disproportionate force to destroy ...
.
Biography
Gadi Eisenkot was born in Tiberias, in northernIsrael
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
. He is the second of four children born to Meir and Esther Eizenkot, Jewish Moroccan immigrants from the town of Safi. His mother was born in Casablanca, and his father was born in Marrakesh. It is thought that the family name was originally Azenkot and was changed to Eisenkot by a clerk after his father immigrated to Israel. After his parents divorced, his father remarried and had four more children.
Eisenkot grew up in the southern port city of Eilat, and studied at Goldwater High School, majoring in maritime studies. After high school he was drafted to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and served in the Golani Brigade.
He graduated with a (B.A.) in History
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...
from Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University (TAU) ( he, אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל אָבִיב, ''Universitat Tel Aviv'') is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel. With over 30,000 students, it is the largest university in the country. Locate ...
and later completed a post-graduate degree at Haifa University
The University of Haifa ( he, אוניברסיטת חיפה Arabic: جامعة حيفا) is a university located on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel. Founded in 1963, the University of Haifa received full academic accreditation in 1972, becoming I ...
in Political science
Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...
.
He is married and the father of five children. He currently resides in Herzliya.
Military career
Eisenkot did his military service in the Golani Brigade, of which he became commander in 1997–98. He served as a soldier, a squad leader and aplatoon leader
{{unreferenced, date=February 2013
A platoon leader (NATO) or platoon commander (more common in Commonwealth militaries and the US Marine Corps) is the officer in charge of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer – a second or first ...
. In the First Lebanon War he served as a Company commander in the Golani brigade. During the South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
The South Lebanon conflict, designated by Israel as the Security Zone in Lebanon Campaign,Orev Company. Later, he served as Golani's 13th
Eizenkot took office on 16 February 2015. Upon taking office he began to promote measures to strengthen the ground forces, including infantry training reinforcement and armor, reducing the volume of reserve forces on the one hand and reinforcing the amount of training on the other hand. In addition he emphasizes the training of forces regarding the threat of tunnels. Eizenkot Ordered the implementation of the multi-year plan "Gideon" that was formed under his direction. "Gideon" was presented in July 2015 and it was approved by the cabinet in April 2016. The plan involves a variety of issues which such as force buildup to a range of threats, strengthening and developing the IDF's maneuvering capabilities, eliminating redundant arrays and the constructing a cyber command. At the heart of multi-year plan stands "The IDF Strategy". This document, published in August 2015, defined three core elements: perception of use of force, the concept of command and control and the principles of the force buildup derived from these perceptions. In the document Eizenkot determines the ultimate test of military action is the ability to sustain long periods of peace and safety in order to allow the state to develop. The long periods of peace and safety are the result of deterrence achieved through military strength and the use of force. The strategy defines two types of campaigns:
* A campaign to achieve Decisive victory, in which the IDF will operate at its full strength in order to achieve its goals.
* A limited campaign, in which the IDF will operate its force in restraint in order prevent escalation.
An essential element relates to the purpose of ending the conflict in the shortest time. "The IDF Strategy" attempts to achieve this response by changing the pattern of the use of force utilizing an immediate and simultaneous attack that combines maneuver and fire. "The IDF Strategy" also includes the strategic concept of campaigns between the wars (CBW), in which the IDF operate covertly in order to preserve and enhance the achievements of the previous campaigns, to weaken the enemy and to postpone the next conflict.
In August 2016 Eizenkot was awarded with the
IDF chief receives US Legion of Merit award
Israel Hayom, 5 August 2016.
Guidelines for Israel's National Security Strategy
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 2019. * Gadi Eisenkot and Gabi Siboni
The Campaign Between Wars: How Israel Rethought Its Strategy to Counter Iran’s Malign Regional Influence
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 4 September 2019.
Thirteen Years Since the Hezbollah-Israel War
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 8 July 2019. {{DEFAULTSORT:Eizenkot, Gadi 1960 births Living people Israeli generals People from Eilat People from Tiberias Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent University of Haifa alumni Tel Aviv University alumni Commanders of the Legion of Merit Chiefs of the General Staff (Israel)
Battalion
A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions a ...
commander, the Deputy to the Commander of the Brigade and an operations officer of the Northern Command. Afterwards he served as Carmeli Brigade 2nd "Carmeli" Brigade (Hebrew: חטיבת כרמלי, Hativat Carmeli, former 165th Brigade) is a reserve infantry brigade of the Israel Defense Forces, part of the Northern Command. Today the brigade consists of four battalions, including one recon ...
's commander and as the commander of the Ephraim Brigade. In 1997 he replaced Col. Erez Gerstein and was appointed commander of the Golani Brigade. During that time Eizenkot led the brigade in a series of operations in southern Lebanon that resulted 40 Hezbollah operatives killed.
In 1999 Eizenkot was selected to be the Military Secretary for the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defense under then Prime Minister Ehud Barak. Since then he has commanded the 366th Division
The Israel Defense Forces 366th (Reserve) Armored
Armour (British English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially direct ...
and the Judea and Samaria Division
The Israel Defense Forces 877th Judea and Samaria Division ( he, אוּגְדָּת אֵזוֹר יְהוּדָה וְשׁוֹמְרוֹן, ; also known as the West Bank Division) is a regional division in the Israeli Central Command. It is r ...
, where he led the Campaign against Palestinian political violence. He was promoted to head of Israeli Operations Directorate
The Israeli Operations Directorate (, ''Agaf HaMivtza'im'') is a branch in the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, established in 1999, alongside the regional commands, the air force and navy. Since June 2021, it is headed by Aluf .
Tasks
...
in June 2005. After the conclusions exercise "joining of forces" Eizenkot led the formulation of the concept on which the IDF must severely damage the center of gravity of Hezbollah, the Dahiya neighborhood, as a key component for creating deterrence against Hezbollah. During the Second Lebanon War he was one of the few generals of the General Staff who dared to disagree with the Chief of Staff, Dan Halutz
Dan Halutz ( he, דן חלוץ, ; born August 7, 1948) is an Israeli Air Force lieutenant general and former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces and commander of the Israeli Air Force. Halutz served as chief of staff in 2005–2007.
Biog ...
, and the measures proposed. Among other things he argued, at the beginning of the war, that the IDF must raise the reserve forces to improve preparedness for a large-scale ground offensive, and stressed that Israel must strive for a quick end of the war.
After Maj. Gen. Udi Adam
Aluf Ehud "Udi" Adam ( he, אהוד "אודי" אדם; born 22 January 1958) is a former general in the Israel Defense Forces and the former head of the Israeli Northern Command.
Biography
Adam was born in Tel Aviv to a Mountain Jewish family. ...
resigned in October 2006 amid criticism over his conduct in the 2006 Lebanon War, Eizenkot replaced him as head of the Northern Command. In his years as the head of the Northern Command he emphasizes the training of forces, strengthening the capacities of command and creating an appropriate operational response to threats from Hezbollah and Syria.
On 11 July 2011, the position was transferred to Maj. Gen. Yair Golan. Afterwards he served as Deputy Chief of General Staff in place of Maj. Gen. Yair Naveh
Yair Naveh ( he, יאיר נוה, born 5 September 1957) is a major general in the Israel Defense Forces and a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff. In 1975, he was drafted into the IDF where he served in all positions in the Golani Infantr ...
, assuming office on 14 January 2013. On 28 November 2014, Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon
Moshe "Bogie" Ya'alon ( he, משה יעלון; born Moshe Smilansky on 24 June 1950) is an Israeli politician and former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, who also served as Israel's Defense Minister under Benjamin Netanyahu from 2013 ...
and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (; ; born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Israel from 1996 to 1999 and again from 2009 to 2021. He is currently serving as Leader of the Opposition and Chairman of ...
chose Eizenkot as the successor to Gen. Benny Gantz as the Chief of Staff of the IDF.
Chief of Staff of the IDF
Eizenkot took office on 16 February 2015. Upon taking office he began to promote measures to strengthen the ground forces, including infantry training reinforcement and armor, reducing the volume of reserve forces on the one hand and reinforcing the amount of training on the other hand. In addition he emphasizes the training of forces regarding the threat of tunnels. Eizenkot Ordered the implementation of the multi-year plan "Gideon" that was formed under his direction. "Gideon" was presented in July 2015 and it was approved by the cabinet in April 2016. The plan involves a variety of issues which such as force buildup to a range of threats, strengthening and developing the IDF's maneuvering capabilities, eliminating redundant arrays and the constructing a cyber command. At the heart of multi-year plan stands "The IDF Strategy". This document, published in August 2015, defined three core elements: perception of use of force, the concept of command and control and the principles of the force buildup derived from these perceptions. In the document Eizenkot determines the ultimate test of military action is the ability to sustain long periods of peace and safety in order to allow the state to develop. The long periods of peace and safety are the result of deterrence achieved through military strength and the use of force. The strategy defines two types of campaigns:
* A campaign to achieve Decisive victory, in which the IDF will operate at its full strength in order to achieve its goals.
* A limited campaign, in which the IDF will operate its force in restraint in order prevent escalation.
An essential element relates to the purpose of ending the conflict in the shortest time. "The IDF Strategy" attempts to achieve this response by changing the pattern of the use of force utilizing an immediate and simultaneous attack that combines maneuver and fire. "The IDF Strategy" also includes the strategic concept of campaigns between the wars (CBW), in which the IDF operate covertly in order to preserve and enhance the achievements of the previous campaigns, to weaken the enemy and to postpone the next conflict.
In August 2016 Eizenkot was awarded with the Commander of the Legion of Merit
The Legion of Merit (LOM) is a military award of the United States Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The decoration is issued to members of the eight ...
by general Joseph Dunford
Joseph Francis Dunford Jr. (born December 23, 1955) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general, who served as the 19th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 1, 2015, until September 30, 2019. He was the 36th command ...
. The award was given due to Eizenkot's "exceptionally meritorious service as chief of the General Staff of the IDF" and his "contribution to the strategic cooperation between the United States and Israel will have a lasting effect on both countries".Lilach Shoval and Israel Hayom StaffIDF chief receives US Legion of Merit award
Israel Hayom, 5 August 2016.
Political views
Eisenkot believes in a country whose vision reflects national-Jewish values. At the same time, he believes that the state must maintain equal rights for all its citizens regardless of religion, nationality, race and gender. Eisenkot believes in separating from the Palestinians (to a two state solution) in order to avoid a bi-national state and to maintain a Jewish-democratic state, with permanent conservation of theJordan Valley
The Jordan Valley ( ar, غور الأردن, ''Ghor al-Urdun''; he, עֵמֶק הַיַרְדֵּן, ''Emek HaYarden'') forms part of the larger Jordan Rift Valley. Unlike most other river valleys, the term "Jordan Valley" often applies just to ...
and the settlement blocs. In the Gaza Strip, Eisenkot seeks a long-term cease-fire agreement, the return of captives, a complete demobilization of the ability to launch missiles and rockets, and under these conditions he will agree to rehabilitation measures for the Gaza Strip
The Gaza Strip (;The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza.. ...
that include the opening of a seaport.
From an overall security perspective, he sees importance in promoting an active and uncompromising security policy to advance security interests, while demonstrating security power, in order to continue to erode enemy capabilities and deter hostile elements who have not yet come to terms with the existence of the State of Israel.
Eisenkot believes that Israel's enemies are not an existential threats to the State of Israel, but domestic polarization is. Therefore, he claims that the people of Israel must stop the campaign of boycotting each other in order to find lines of connection between political camps, and not let a distancer and a divider lead the people of Israel.
Eisenkot demands the promotion of reforms that will strengthen the separation of powers
Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typic ...
.
Awards and decorations
References
External links
* * Gadi Eisenkot and Gabi SiboniGuidelines for Israel's National Security Strategy
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 2019. * Gadi Eisenkot and Gabi Siboni
The Campaign Between Wars: How Israel Rethought Its Strategy to Counter Iran’s Malign Regional Influence
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 4 September 2019.
Thirteen Years Since the Hezbollah-Israel War
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 8 July 2019. {{DEFAULTSORT:Eizenkot, Gadi 1960 births Living people Israeli generals People from Eilat People from Tiberias Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent University of Haifa alumni Tel Aviv University alumni Commanders of the Legion of Merit Chiefs of the General Staff (Israel)