Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''GNA13''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Interactions and functions
The GNA13 gene encodes the G
13 G protein alpha subunit. Together with
GNA12, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of
heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits.
Heterotrimeric G proteins function in transducing
hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle , "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones are required ...
and
neurotransmitter
A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse. The cell receiving the signal, any main body part or target cell, may be another neuron, but could also be a gland or muscle cell.
Neu ...
signals detected by cell surface
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related p ...
s to
intracellular signaling pathways to modulate cell functions. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to
GTP but inactive and associated with the
G beta-gamma complex when bound to
GDP.
Active GTP-bound G
12 alpha subunit
interacts with and activates
ARHGEF1,
ARHGEF11
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF11'' gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF11 or PDZ-RhoGEF.
Function
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 is guanine nucleotide exchange fa ...
,
and
ARHGEF12
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF12'' gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF12 or Leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG).
Function
Rho guanine nucleot ...
.
These ARHGEF proteins function as
guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the
Rho
Rho (uppercase Ρ, lowercase ρ or ; el, ρο or el, ρω, label=none) is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 100. It is derived from Phoenician letter res . Its uppercase form uses the sa ...
small GTPases to regulate the
actin
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells, where it may be present at a concentration of ov ...
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is co ...
.
GNA13 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex trai ...
with
AKAP3
A-kinase anchor protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''AKAP3'' gene.
Function
The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subu ...
,
RIC8A
Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase-8A (Ric-8A), also known as Synembryn-A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RIC8A'' gene.
Interactions
RIC8A has been shown to interact with GNAO1, GNA13, GNAQ, GNAS complex locus, GNAI2, ...
,
and
Radixin.
Clinical significance
Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a cancer of B cells, a type of lymphocyte that is responsible for producing antibodies. It is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults, with an annual incidence of 7–8 cases per 100,00 ...
.
See also
*
G12/G13 alpha subunits
G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Together ...
*
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related p ...
*
Heterotrimeric G protein
*
Rho family of GTPases
References
Further reading
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External links
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