is a series of

light novel A light novel (, Hepburn: ''raito noberu'') is a style of young adult novel primarily targeting high school and middle school students. The term "light novel" is a '' wasei-eigo'', or a Japanese term formed from words in the English languag ...

s written by

Shoji Gatoh is a Japanese author and anime screenwriter from Shiga Prefecture, Japan. He is best known for the creation of the ''Full Metal Panic!'' franchise that includes light novels, manga and anime. Gatoh first met with Koichi Chigira by accident when h ...

and illustrated by Shiki Douji. The series follows

Sousuke Sagara ''Full Metal Panic!'' is a series of light novels written by Shoji Gatoh and illustrated by Shiki Douji running from 1998 to 2011. The series follows Sousuke Sagara, a member of the covert anti-terrorist private military organization known as Mit ...

, a member of the covert anti-terrorist private

military organization Military organization or military organisation is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. In some countries paramilitary forces are included in a nati ...

known as Mithril, tasked with protecting

Kaname Chidori ''Full Metal Panic!'' is a series of light novels written by Shoji Gatoh and illustrated by Shiki Douji running from 1998 to 2011. The series follows Sousuke Sagara, a member of the covert anti-terrorist private military organization known as Mi ...

, a hot-headed Japanese high school girl. Individual chapters are published on ''Monthly Dragon Magazine'', followed by a paperback compilation released by

Fujimi Shobo , formerly , was a Japanese publisher that specialized in light novels, manga, role-playing games and collectible card games. Founded in 1972 and reorganized three times, it was at times an independent company and at times an imprint of Kadokaw ...

Fujimi Fantasia Bunko is a light novel publishing imprint (trade name), imprint affiliated with the Japanese publishing company Fujimi Shobo, a brand company of Kadokawa Corporation. It was established in 1988 and is aimed at young adult male audience. Many light nov ...

. The novels are split between stories focusing on Sousuke's mission as a soldier of Mithril and comedic side stories centered on his life at Jindai High School. The series has been adapted into different media; including four

anime is Traditional animation, hand-drawn and computer animation, computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside of Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japane ...

television series: ''Full Metal Panic!'' by

Gonzo Gonzo may refer to: People * Gonzo (nickname), a list of people with the nickname * Radislav Jovanov Gonzo (born 1964), Croatian music video director Radislav Jovanov, also known as Gonzo * Matthias Röhr (born 1962), German musician whose sta ...

in 2002, ''

Full Metal Panic? Fumoffu is a companion series, while also being the second season to ''Full Metal Panic!'' by Gonzo and takes place between the first season and the third '' The Second Raid.'' Markedly different in tone to the first series, ''Fumoffu'' emphasizes th ...

'' and ''Full Metal Panic! The Second Raid'' by

Kyoto Animation , often abbreviated , is a Japanese animation studio and light novel publisher located in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture. Founded in 1985 by Yoko and Hideaki Hatta, it has produced anime works including '' The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya'' (2006), '' ...

in 2003 and 2005 respectively. An OVA was also released in 2006; and the newest television series, ''Full Metal Panic! Invisible Victory'' by

Xebec A xebec ( or ), also spelled zebec, was a Mediterranean sailing ship that was used mostly for trading. Xebecs had a long overhanging bowsprit and aft-set mizzen mast. The term can also refer to a small, fast vessel of the sixteenth to nineteenth ...

, premiered in April 2018. The series also had several different

manga Manga ( Japanese: 漫画 ) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term ''manga'' is ...

series.

Tokyopop Tokyopop (styled TOKYOPOP; formerly known as Mixx Entertainment) is an American distributor, licensor and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed ...

licensed the novels for English-language publication in North America and released parts of the series, while

ADV Films A.D. Vision Holdings, Inc. (known simply as ADV and also referred to as ADV Films) was an American multimedia entertainment distributor headquartered in Houston, Texas, and founded in 1992 by video game fan John Ledford and anime fans Matt G ...

licensed and dubbed the first season and the spin-off. The second season was licensed by Kadokawa Pictures USA with ADV Films producing the dub yet again.

Mandalay Pictures Mandalay Pictures or Mandalay Vision is an American film production company founded on May 27, 1995, which is part of producer and businessman Peter Guber's Mandalay Entertainment. From 1997 until 2002, Lionsgate Entertainment owned a stake in ...

acquired the film rights to the series in 2009. At

Anime USA Anime USA (AUSA) is an annual three-day anime convention held during October/November at the Hyatt Regency Crystal City at Reagan National Airport in Arlington, Virginia. Programming The convention typically features an AMV contest, artist's a ...

2009, Funimation announced that it had acquired the rights to the first and second series of ''Full Metal Panic!'' and both were re-released and remastered on DVD and Blu-ray in 2010. The series began airing in North America on November 22, 2010, on the

Funimation Channel Crunchyroll, LLC, previously known as Funimation from 1994 to 2022, is an American entertainment company owned by Japanese conglomerate Sony as a joint venture between Sony Pictures and Sony Music Entertainment Japan's Aniplex that specialize ...

. The '' Fumoffu'' series made its North American television debut on the Funimation Channel on November 15, 2010. A spin-off to the light-novel series called ''Full Metal Panic! Another'' was serialized between 2011 and 2016. ''Another'' received a manga adaptation split in two series, the second of which is still being published. The light novels have sold 11 million copies making it twelfth best-selling light novel.

Plot

The series follows

, a member of a covert anti-terrorist private

known as Mithril, tasked with protecting

, a spirited Japanese high school girl. He moves to Japan to study at Chidori's school, Jindai High School, with assistance from his comrades Kurz Weber and Melissa Mao. Having never experienced social interactions, Sousuke is seen as a military maniac by his schoolmates as he interprets everyday situations from a combat perspective. He comes to relate with Chidori who realizes that Sousuke is protecting her, but he does not reveal the reasons due to orders as well as the fact that he does not know why Chidori is being targeted by different organizations.

Development

When starting the series, Shoji Gatoh commented that as the series' theme was "Boy Meets Girl." Gatoh worked in the order to keep that as the focus regardless of the several other conflicts the story presented. Gatoh and Shiki Douji had a close relationship in the making of the novels. Gatoh gave Douji freedom in the design of the characters such as Sagara and Leonardo who were given multiple traits. On the other hand, Gatoh also gave Douji references for "gentlemen" featured in the story. In the making of the series Gatoh did not find difficulties in creating a balance between sci-fi and realistic elements since multiple Japanese series like ''

Tetsujin 28 , known as simply ''Tetsujin 28'' in international releases, is a 1956 manga written and illustrated by Mitsuteru Yokoyama, who also created ''Giant Robo''. The series centers on the adventures of a young boy named Shotaro Kaneda, who c ...

'' and '' Mazinger Z'' already provide the demographic a mixture between those elements. Originally, Douji felt that the characters were too realistic. Believing the teenage demographic would not like them, the author changed them so that were seen as cooler characters. While the duo did not have difficulties with the novels' serious storylines, they still had problems with comedy Chidori and Sousuke's relationship was based on Japanese comedy due to how the two interact. In order to create a more interesting dynamic between the two leads, Gatoh wanted to change the ways Sagara and Chidori interact as he was tired of female characters requiring to be protected in the making for the light novels. As a result, Chidori instead supports Sagara multiple times.

Media

Light novels

The

series ''Full Metal Panic!'' is written by

and illustrated by Shiki Douji. It was serialised by

in its monthly magazine '' Gekkan Dragon Magazine'' since June 1998 and published under the

imprint in tankōbon format since September 1998. Gatoh often found delays in writing of the novels, which led to delays to the publication of the series' volumes. The series focuses on Sergeant

's arrival to the Jindai High School where he was assigned to protect the student

while also acting as a student. A total of twelve full length volumes have been released from September 18, 1998, to August 20, 2010. In parallel to the twelve volumes, nine standalone light novels of the series (which form the short story collection) have also been published from December 17, 1998, to August 20, 2011. Finally two more volumes titled ''Side Arms'' focusing on the past of some characters (which form the side story collection) and the birth of Mithril and Amalgam have been published on April 20, 2004, and July 20, 2006. In contrast to the full length volumes, short story collection focuses on the comedy elements from the series. In January 2010, Gatoh wrote another of these stories in celebration of ''Gekkan Dragon Magazine''s 300th issue, which has been included in the last short story collection volume. Another series of spin-off novels has been released by Naoto Ōguro with supervision of Shoji Gatoh from August 20, 2011, to February 20, 2016, consisting of thirteen volumes and set years after the original series' ending. The light novels have also been adapted into various

, as well as three

television series and an OVA episode for which Gatoh was also part of the staff.

licensed the ''Full Metal Panic!'' series for North America release, publishing the first regular light novel on September 11, 2007. The latest released volume is the fourth on February 1, 2011, which is a compilation from the original fourth and fifth full-length volumes from the series. No short story collection volumes nor side story collection ones have been published and the company has shut down its publishing operations in North America on May 31, 2011. In 2015, at

Anime Expo Anime Expo, abbreviated AX, is an American anime convention held in Los Angeles, California and organized by the non-profit Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation (SPJA). The convention is traditionally held annually on the first w ...

and

San Diego Comic-Con San Diego Comic-Con International is a comic book convention and nonprofit multi-genre entertainment event held annually in San Diego, California since 1970. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International: San Diego; but it is ...

, Tokyopop announced that it would be relaunching its publishing operations in North America in 2016 and that they will consider light novels, but nothing has been disclosed about Full Metal Panic! novels publication. On March 18, 2019,

J-Novel Club J-Novel Club is a publishing company specializing in the translation of Japanese light novels into English. It streams light novels and manga in regular installments before publishing finalized e-books. As of August 2021, J-Novel Club has license ...

announced that all the original 12 novels will be translated again and released in English. The series was released as

e-books An ebook (short for electronic book), also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Alt ...

starting that year, with the final volume released in 2021. Hardcover "Collectors Editions," each compiling three novels per volume, were released by J-Novel Club starting in 2020. On July 1, 2022, J-Novel announced that they were translating the short stories.

Manga

The ''Full Metal Panic!'' light novel series has been adapted to manga on multiple occasions. The first manga series: ''Full Metal Panic'', was serialized in Monthly Comic Dragon by

Retsu Tateo is a series of light novels written by Shoji Gatoh and illustrated by Shiki Douji. The series follows Sousuke Sagara, a member of the covert anti-terrorist private military organization known as Mithril, tasked with protectin ...

. This manga was collected in nine ''

tankōbon is the Japanese term for a book that is not part of an anthology or corpus. In modern Japanese, the term is most often used in reference to individual volumes of a manga series: most series first appear as individual chapters in a weekly or ...

'' volumes published from August 30, 2000, to July 1, 2005. Announced in July 2003, ''Full Metal Panic!'' became one of the first manga series licensed by

ADV Manga A.D. Vision Holdings, Inc. (known simply as ADV and also referred to as ADV Films) was an American multimedia entertainment distributor headquartered in Houston, Texas, and founded in 1992 by video game fan John Ledford and anime fans Matt Gree ...

. They released all of the volumes between November 10, 2003 and April 11, 2006. A parallel series titled which focused more on the comedic elements from the franchise was also written by Retsu Tateo and ran for seven volumes between November 1, 2003, and September 1, 2006. was a spin-off series by Tomohiro Nagai. Five volumes were released between January 30, 2001, and April 1, 2003. ''Overload'' was licensed by ADV Manga in December 2004, and all of its volumes were published in English between June 6, 2005, and May 24, 2006. Tomohiro Nagai also wrote which is a single ''tankōbon'' manga published on July 1, 2003, focused more on the action elements from the franchise. , written by Shoji Gatoh and illustrated by Hiroshi Ueda, focuses on the missions of Sousuke as a sergeant. The first volume was published on August 1, 2005, and the final volume: the nineteenth, was published on September 20, 2013. The story and events of this manga adaption are based on the fourth ''Full Metal Panic!'' light novel and onwards.

Anime

''Full Metal Panic!''

The anime series was produced by Gonzo Digimation and originally aired in 2002 after its original air date was canceled because of the

September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commer ...

. The series was licensed by

for North American release in 2003. The first three novels form the basis for the anime. The series was available on the Anime Network on Demand from 2003 to 2004. The production of 3 director's cut movies based on the first television series was announced in 2017. The ''1st SECTION Boy Meets Girl'' premiered on November 25, 2017, at Kadokawa Cinema Shinjuku in Japan, ''2nd SECTION One Night Stand'' premiered on January 13, 2018, and ''3rd SECTION Into the Blue'' premiered on January 20, 2018. Home video releases for the films were planned for February 28, 2018, for the 1st film, followed by March 28 for the 2nd film, and April 28 for the 3rd film.

''Fumoffu''

is a companion series to the anime series ''Full Metal Panic!'' by Kyoto Animation, and takes place between the first season and ''The Second Raid''. Markedly different in tone to the first series, ''Fumoffu'' is based on the more comical short stories Gatou published alongside the main novels, emphasizing the high school romantic comedy aspects of ''Full Metal Panic!'' with often crude humor and focuses on the romantic tension between Sousuke Sagara and Kaname Chidori. It frequently parodies itself and anime

stereotype In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for exampl ...

s. None of the mecha combat or political intrigue, which characterized much of the original ''Full Metal Panic!'', can be seen in the series. The only reference to the mecha aspect of ''Full Metal Panic!'' is the Bonta-kun, which is one of the most prominent parodies in the anime. Sousuke uses spare Bonta-kun costumes to make highly effective suits of power armor, but they look like teddy bears wearing army gear and can only say: "Fu" and "Mo" in different combinations.

''The Second Raid''

is the direct sequel to the original anime series. It was produced by

and ran for 13 episodes. The series is based on the ''Ending Day by Day'' novels and takes place three months after the events that occurred in the ''Tuatha de Danaan'' at the end of the original ''Full Metal Panic!'' series. Mithril learns of a secret organization that has technology able to counter the ECS (Electronic Conceal System) mode. The organization, known as Amalgam, has access to ''Black Technology'', which was obtained from the Whispered. Like the other intelligence agencies, Amalgam intends to obtain more. Sousuke's mission to protect Chidori is terminated by Mithril, instead leaving her in the care of an anonymous agent known as ''Wraith''. There is a one episode OVA that takes place after ''Full Metal Panic! The Second Raid''. It is a humorous stand-alone story. It focuses on the Captain of the Tuatha De Danaan: Teletha Tessa Testarossa, rather than the two main characters of the series. The OVA is based on short story ''Wari to Hima na Sentaichou no Ichi Nichi'' (''A comparatively leisurely day of the squadron commander'') in short story collection ''Dounimo Naranai Gori Muchuu'' (''Helpless in the thick of it''). The story is also told in chapters 13 & 14 of ''Full Metal Panic Sigma'' manga volume 4. Home video releases also included an "episode 000" and a 7-part Location Scouting in Hong Kong documentary. Episode 000 includes footage from various parts of the television broadcast episodes, but also includes new scenes. The Location Scouting in Hong Kong documentary includes various locations the television production staff members had gone to as inspiration for creating scenes used in the Hong Kong episodes, featuring appearances from the series producers, and commentaries from them.

''Invisible Victory''

is the fourth TV series in the franchise. Kyoto Animation had not returned to produce the fourth anime adaptation. Instead, it was produced by studio

. It premiered in April 2018. During

2017, the series creator confirmed that ''Full Metal Panic! Invisible Victory'' is a "continuation" that won't contain any "explanation or expository episodes." He stated that the pacing of the story is going to be "full throttle from the get-go" although it would still "follow the original work pretty closely." The series consisted of 12 episodes. The opening song is "Even...if" and the ending song is "Yes", both performed by Tamaru Yamada.

Live action film

A live action film adaptation was announced by

in April 2009, with

Zac Efron Zachary David Alexander Efron (; born October 18, 1987) is an American actor. He began acting professionally in the early 2000s and rose to prominence in the late 2000s for his leading role as Troy Bolton in the ''High School Musical'' trilo ...

rumored to be attached to the project. Efron has since confirmed a meeting took place regarding the project but added that the adaptation was unlikely to happen.

Video game

''Full Metal Panic! Fight! Who Dares Wins'', developed by B.B. Studio and published by

Bandai Namco Entertainment is a Japanese multinational video game publisher headquartered in Minato-ku, Tokyo. Its international branches, Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe, are respectively headquartered in Irvine, California and ...

Inc., was released on May 31, 2018. Specialist Box limited edition includes Invisible Victory behind-the-scenes Blu-ray, a special novel by Shoji Gatoh, drama CD, replica autographed mini script of "Megami no Rainichi: Date Hen," a case for the Blu-ray and CD, and a special Shiki Douji-illustrated box. Early purchases include download code for the 'Armed Slave-Use Special Weapons Three Set' (Boxer 2nd Revision 76mm Shot Cannon (Armor-Piercing Ammunition) Cartridge Extension Model, ASG96-B Revision 57mm Glide Cannon, GRAW-X Single Molecule Cutter (Repulsion Field Prototype Model)).

Reception

The second DVD volume of ''Full Metal Panic! The Second Raid'' was given a favorable review by Theron Martin of

Anime News Network Anime News Network (ANN) is a news website that reports on the status of anime, manga, video games, Japanese popular music and other related cultures within North America, Australia, Southeast Asia and Japan. The website offers reviews and ...

for pushing the character developments of Sousuke and Kaname as well as dramatic elements beyond comedy and action. Describing the impact of the volume, Martin explains that " e full impact of that ousuke and Kaname's relationshipcomes out beautifully in episode 7, when Kaname seeks out Sousuke in a moment of fear and, for the first time, Sousuke isn't there for her. It's one of those telling moments that can define an entire series." THEM Anime Reviews has noted that the Arm Slaves, like most real life vehicles, are done so meticulously that fans of

mecha In science fiction, or mechs are giant robots or machines controlled by people, typically depicted as humanoid walking vehicles. The term was first used in Japanese after shortening the English loanword or , but the meaning in Japanese is ...

series would "scour online catalogues for tech books and sketches." Bureau 42 says that the "mecha rm Slaveaction in the show is very well done. While I can't compare the action with other more grounded mecha shows like

Patlabor , also known as ''Patlabor'' (a portmanteau of "patrol" and "labor"), is a Japanese science fiction media franchise created by Headgear, a group consisting of manga artist Masami Yūki, director Mamoru Oshii, screenwriter Kazunori Itō ...

, the combat is very well done and easy to follow, and visually interesting." Triforce commented that Arm Slave battles in the Full Metal Panic! series would be able to keep viewer's attention to the show. Negative criticism has surfaced on the role of the Arm Slaves throughout the ''Full Metal Panic!'' series. For instance, Ender's review states that their mecha roles are confusing that the Arm Slaves are both "08th MS Team soldiers and Dragon Ball Z-type fighters, hurling energy balls at each other and going "Super Saiya-jin." Anime Database rated the ''Full Metal Panic!'' series 4 out of 5 because of the Arm Slaves battles since they start out from being good to being very unrealistic. GameSpot Union comments on the relationship between the Arm Slaves and the animation done on ''Full Metal Panic!'', saying both animation and camera views were bad. The novels have over 11 million copies in print.

References

External links

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