French cruiser Colbert (1928)

''Colbert'' was the second of four cruisers built for the French Navy. During the interwar period she served in the Mediterranean. In 1935 she underwent a major refit at Lorient before joining the International Patrol off the Spanish south coast during the Spanish Civil War. In 1939 she was in Oran moving to Toulon in January 1940.
She partook in the bombardment of Genoa in mid-June. She was in Toulon at the time of the French Armistice. She underwent a refit in 1941 to augment her light anti-aircraft guns then was placed in care and maintenance at Toulon. She was scuttled at Toulon when the Germans attempted to seize the French Fleet at the end of November 1942. She was raised and scrapped post war in 1948.

She was named in honour of Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–1683), the Controller General of Finances under King Louis XIV from 1665 to 1683. He was responsible for bringing France out of bankruptcy, restoring the financial health of France and laying the foundation of the French Navy including bases and the training of the officers and men.

Design and description

Under the 1926 program a 10,000 ton Treaty Cruiser was authorized, becoming the second ship of the . The contract for the new vessel was awarded to the Arsenal de Brest with the order being placed on 1 March 1927. The Hull would be basically identical to the ''Suffren'' with the same level of protection and machinery layout. The differences in the layout topside would differentiate her from her sister. The raised bridge was lowered back on top of the conning position, 90 mm guns in single mounts would replace the 75 mm guns. The aircraft catapults were move forward to between the funnels and two new cranes were fitted abeam of the second funnel. She was laid down as Project Number C1 with her hull designated as number 77 on 12 June 1927 at Brest. She was launched on 20 April 1928. She continued to fit out until ready for her contractor trials on 15 June 1929. With acceptance from the contractors she underwent acceptance trials on 29 August. She was commissioned on 11 November 1929 On 10 May 1930 she partook in a Naval Review celebrating 100 years since the arrival of the French in Algeria at Algiers. She was finally completed on 4 March 1931.

Service history

Pre war service

On 1 April 1931 she entered service with La Marine National and was assigned to the First Light Division of the First Squadron at Toulon. She carried out normal peacetime operations until 1935. In February 1935 she proceeded to Lorient and started a major refit on 16 February which lasted until January 1936. On 12 April 1937 the First Light Division was renamed as the First Cruiser Division and consisted of ''Colbert'', , and . On 27 May 1937 she was present at the Great Naval Review at Brest following Naval Maneuvers with the Mediterranean and Atlantic Squadrons. Upon returning to the Mediterranean she was assigned to the International Patrol off the south coast of Spain. The international Patrol had been formed to protect merchant shipping from piracy instituted by unknown (probably Italian) submarines.

Wartime service

At the beginning of the war she was in Toulon. In December she sailed with for Bizerte, Tunisia. On 8 December after forming the Second Cruiser Division both ships sailed to monitor shipping as far east as Beirut. She returned to Bizerte on 28 December. In January 1940 she joined Force Y arriving at Dakar on 30 January to replace Force X. The first sortie was from 18 to 28 February. She was due to participate in the second sortie from 6 to 18 March, but was sent on 7 March to reinforce Force X consisting of the battleship and cruiser ''Algérie'' escorting gold to Canada. She returned to Dakar when completed. Force Y left Dakar on 11 April 1940 and returned to Toulon.

On the night of 13/14 June she participated in Operation ''Vado'', the bombardment of Genoa and Vado, Italy by the Third Squadron. The Vado Group included the cruisers ''Foch'' and ''Algérie'' and the Genoa Group included the cruisers ''Dupleix'' and ''Colbert''. The bombardment cause little damage as Group Genoa fired at the wrong target and half of Group Vado shells fell into the sea. The squadron returned to Toulon by mid-day on 14 June. ''Foch'' suffered a steering malfunction but returned safely. On 25 June the Franco-German Armistice took effect and La Marine National ceased all offensive operations. On 3 July with the ill-conceived British attack on Mers-el-Kébir, the battleship had escape undamaged, the Fourth Cruiser Division had sailed from Algiers to Oran. The Fourth failed to link up with ''Strasbourg'' so they sailed for Toulon. ''Algérie'', ''Foch'' and ''Colbert'' with twelve contre-torpilleurs sailed from Toulon to rendezvous with the French forces sailing north to France. They linked up with the Fourth in the early morning of 4 July and returned to Toulon. ''Strasbourg'' arrived later that evening. In August 1940 ''Colbert'' underwent a refit to upgrade her light anti-aircraft weapons. The quad 13.2 mm machineguns were finally installed during this refit. When completed she was placed in care and maintenance with a reduced crew. On 1 January 1941 she was activated to replace ''Dupleix'' in the Forces de haute mer.

On 11 November 1942 the Germans started their occupation of Vichy France. The FHM was ready to sail to North Africa to defend it from the Torch landings but was denied permission to sail. By 27 November they had reached Toulon and entered the base. The Germans were delayed from entering the naval dockyard giving the French sailors time to scuttle the fleet. ''Colbert'' was at Dock No. 5. Her guns were spiked with 35 kg charges that were detonated destroying the guns and the sea cocks were opened and the ship settled to the bottom. Fire took hold of the ship and she burned until 3 December. She was raised post war and scrapped between 1946 and 47.Whitley, Suffren Class, p. 33

References

Bibliography

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External links

203 mm/50 (8in) Model 1924 naval gun

90 mm/50 (3.5 in) Model 1926 naval gun

37 mm/50 (1.46 in) Model 1933 naval gun

13.2 mm(0.5 in) machinegun Model 1929

French Pre-war Torpedoes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colbert (1928)
World War II warships scuttled at Toulon
1928 ships
World War II cruisers of France