French Haitians, also called Franco-Haitians are citizens of Haiti of full or partial

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

ancestry. The term is sometimes also applied to Haitians who migrated to France in the 20th and 21st century and who have acquired French citizenship, as well to their descendants.

Colonization

The story begins with the issuing of French adventurers in the Tortuga Island, which was close to the Spanish colony of

Santo Domingo , total_type = Total , population_density_km2 = auto , timezone = AST (UTC −4) , area_code_type = Area codes , area_code = 809, 829, 849 , postal_code_type = Postal codes , postal_code = 10100–10699 ( Distrito Nacional) , webs ...

. As a result in the late 17th century, the French had

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with '' de jure'' ("by l ...

control of the island close to the Spanish colony. The wars of

Louis XIV of France , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

finally convinced the Spaniards to give the island to the French under to the Treaty on Ryswick (1697). The French called their new colony Saint-Domingue. And they began transforming the settlement into a large sugar

plantation A plantation is an agricultural estate, generally centered on a plantation house, meant for farming that specializes in cash crops, usually mainly planted with a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. Th ...

. Later the Frenchmen began to bring large numbers of African slaves to work on plantations, the destruction of the Taino and African imports changed the demographics of St Domingue. By the late 17th century, the French made up 90% of the nation, with more than 1,000 settlers and their descendants (note that Haiti had a European past), but as the number of black people grew faster, they acceded to a mix between

and black people, which resulted in a fast growth of mulattos, although in some cases the mixing occurred two or more times. The French could notice that some mulatto were clearer than others. By the early 18th century, mulattos and slaves started to compose the majority of the colony, blacks continued to be used as slaves for the production of sugar, which was in demand in

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

. That made the French put much pressure and cruelty to blacks to speed the production.''Historical Boys'Clothing'
Haitian History: French Colony--Saint Domingo (1697-1791)
Retrieved, 28/11/2014.

Haitian massacres and slave revolt

For 1791, the first revolt of slaves and mulattos got up, which consisted blacks demanded their rights, to abandon slavery, and equal skin color, this fault with indignation in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

and whites in Saint-Domingue the white man lynched blacks and mulattos that fell into their hands, no matter their gender or age. Then another stood up to 1804, this time led by the slaves:

Toussaint Louverture François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture (; also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda; 20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803) was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. During his life, Louverture ...

and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, but this what slaves joined and massacred in a brutal form to whites who lived in the colony, as well as their descendants in that colony. This produced a notable reduction of

French people The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the na ...

in Haiti.

Notable French Haitians

Joseph Bunel Joseph R. E. Bunel was a representative of the Haitian Revolutionary Government, who negotiated the first trade agreement between his nation and the United States, in 1799. Biography Born in France, he became a merchant and plantation manager in Ca ...

* Charles Frédéric Chassériau *

Marie-Madeleine Lachenais Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, known as ''Joute'' (Arcahaie, Haiti 1778 – Kingston, Jamaica 22 July 1843), was a politically active and influential Haitian woman. She was the mistress and political advisor of both president Alexandre Sabès Pét ...

Josaphat-Robert Large Josaphat-Robert Large (November 15, 1942 – October 28, 2017) was a Euro-Haitian-American poet, novelist and art critic. His novel ''Les terres entourées de larmes'' hore surrounded with tearswon the prestigious Prix littéraire des Cara ...

* Jean-Louis Michel

References

{{French diaspora European Haitian Ethnic groups in Haiti Haiti

Colonization

Haitian massacres and slave revolt

Notable French Haitians

See also

References