''Freiwillige Schutzstaffel'' ('Voluntary Protection Corps', abbreviated FS) was a paramilitary organization in the

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

Slovak Republic. FS was founded in late 1938. Modelled on the German '' Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and the '' Allgemeine SS'', FS organized members of the German community in Slovakia. It functioned as the paramilitary wing of the German Party (DP). Walter Donath served as the national commander (''Landesführer'') of FS. Two government regulations issued in 1939 provided the legal cover for FS; decree no. 240 issued September 27, 1939 and decree no. 311 issued December 21, 1939. Through the latter decree the Slovak government recognized FS and the German Youth (DJ) as paramilitary organizations operating in the frame of the German Party. FS members were assigned to protect infrastructure (bridges, tunnels, railway stations) and persecuted deserters from the Polish front. FS also sent fighters to take part in the German war effort against Poland. Along with its Slovak counterpart, the

Hlinka Guard Hlinka (feminine Hlinková) is a Czech and Slovak surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Andrej Hlinka Andrej Hlinka (born András Hlinka; 27 September 1864 – 16 August 1938) was a Slovak Catholic priest, journalist, banker, po ...

, FS conducted attacks against the Jewish communities in Slovakia. As of March 1939 FS was organized into three ''Sturmbannen'' ('Strike Battalions'). The title of the commander of a ''Sturmbann'' was ''Sturmbannführer'' ('Strike Battalion Leader'). The geographic area covered by a ''Sturmbann'' corresponded to the territorial units of the German Party: Pressburg (Bratislava), Kremnitz- Deutsch Proben (Kremnica - Nemecké Pravno) and

Zips Zips (also ''Siggies'' or ''Geeps'') is a slang term in the United States that was especially in use in the early 20th century. It was often used as a derogatory slur by Italian American and Sicilian American mobsters in reference to newer im ...

. At this point FS had 4,604 members. At the time of its foundation FS membership was open to ethnic German males aged 18-35, who could provide proof of Aryan lineage three generations back. In June 1941 membership was opened up to party members up to the age of 50. The uniform of FS was largely identical to that of ''Allgemeine SS''. Its symbol was an eagle carrying a shield with a swastika (the shield with swastika was the symbol of the German Party). On February 15, 1940 the number of ''Sturmbannen'' was increased to six; *I. - Pressburg (urban), Commander Hans Hofstäter, 3 companies *II. - Pressburg (rural), Commander Zoltan Absalon, 4 companies *III. - Kremnitz, Commander Jozef Jacklin, 7 companies *IV. - Deutsch Proben, Commander Ladislav Wässerle, 4 companies *V. - Oberzips, Commander Willi Kunzmann, 6 companies *VI. - Unterzips, Commander Hans Dolinsky, 4 companies. However, the six ''Sturmbannen'' did not cover all of the FS membership. In areas with small German populations, FS members adhered directly to the national headquarters of FS. At this point FS had 4,622 members. As of early 1941 FS membership stood at around 5,500, by October 1941 it stood at 6,810. FS was again reorganized on September 14, 1942 with the creation of a seventh ''Sturmbann'' in Považie. From that point onwards all FS members were included into a ''Sturmbann''. FS participated, along with the Hlinka Guard, in the deportation of Jews from Slovakia in 1942. Not all FS members were in active military service, by late 1942 5,832 out of 7,646 FS members were in active service. And whilst membership in FS continued to increase throughout the war (7,818 in mid-1944), the percentage of FS members in active service declined (4,179 in mid-1944). The decline was a result of recruitment into

Waffen-SS The (, "Armed SS") was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscripts from both occup ...

. In this process the German Party leadership gradually lost some of its influence over FS, as the organization became increasingly subordinated to SS. In 1943 Donath left his post as FS commander to fight on the Eastern Front. F. Klug, hitherto leader of the German Youth organization, was named the new FS commander.GABDZILOVÁ, Soňa.
The changes of attitudes of German minority in Slovakia in course of World War Second
'. Individual and Society, Vol. 5, No. 1. Again in 1944 FS participated in deportations of Jews from Slovakia.

References

{{reflist Slovakia during World War II German Party (Slovakia) The Holocaust in Slovakia

See also

References