The free trade agreements of Canada represents

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by to ...

's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and plays a large role in the

Canadian economy The economy of Canada is a highly developed mixed-market economy. It is the 8th-largest GDP by nominal and 15th-largest GDP by PPP in the world. As with other developed nations, the country's economy is dominated by the service industry whi ...

. Canada is regularly described as a

trading nation A trading nation (also known as a trade-dependent economy, or an export-oriented economy) is a country where international trade makes up a large percentage of its economy. Smaller nations (by population) tend to be more trade-dependent than larg ...

, considering its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP (the second highest level in the G7, after

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

). Of that total trade, roughly 75% is done with countries that are part of

free-trade agreements A free-trade agreement (FTA) or treaty is an agreement according to international law to form a free-trade area between the cooperating states. There are two types of trade agreements: bilateral and multilateral. Bilateral trade agreements occu ...

with Canada—primarily the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

through the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), and its predecessor the

North American Free Trade Agreement The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA ; es, Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; french: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that crea ...

(NAFTA). By the end of 2014, Canadas bilateral trade hit

Can$ The Canadian dollar (symbol: $; code: CAD; french: dollar canadien) is the currency of Canada. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, there is no standard disambiguating form, but the abbreviation Can$ is often suggested by notable style ...

1 trillion for the first time.

Overview

is a founding member of the

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and ...

(WTO) since 1 January 1995. The ''

'' (NAFTA), which is held with Canada by the

and

Mexico Mexico (Spanish language, Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a List of sovereign states, country in the southern portion of North America. It is borders of Mexico, bordered to the north by the United States; to the so ...

, came into force on 1 January 1994, creating the largest free-trade region in the world by GDP. By 2014, the combined GDP for the NAFTA area was estimated to be over

20 trillion with a market encompassing 474 million people. Building on that success, Canada continues to negotiate and has concluded

with more than 40 countries, most recently with

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...

, which represents Canada's first FTA with a partner in the

Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific (APAC) is the part of the world near the western Pacific Ocean. The Asia-Pacific region varies in area depending on context, but it generally includes East Asia, Russian Far East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and Paci ...

region. As of 2018, Canada has also concluded two other significant multilateral trade agreements: the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...

and the 11-nation

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Comprehensive may refer to: * Comprehensive layout, the page layout of a proposed design as initially presented by the designer to a client. *Comprehensive school A comprehensive school typically describes a secondary school for pupils aged appr ...

(CPTPP) with 10 other Pacific-Rim countries. On 21 September 2017, CETA was provisionally applied, immediately eliminating 98% of EU's tariff lines on Canadian goods. Canada is currently the only G7 country to have free trade agreements in force with all other G7 countries. Free trade with the final G7 country,

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...

, commenced when the CPTPP entered into force on 30 December 2018.

Free-trade agreements

In force or provisionally in force

{, class="wikitable" , +Current FTAs between Canada and other countries/trading blocs , - ! Agreement name !! Abbreviation !! Countries/blocs involved !! Signed !! Entered into force , - , ''

Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement The Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA), official name as the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States of America (french: links=no, Accord de libre-échange entre le Canada et les États-Unis d'Amérique), wa ...

'' , , CUSFTA , , , , 12 October 1987 , , 1 January 1989 , - , ''

'' , , NAFTA , ,
, , 17 December 1992 , , 1 January 1994 , - , Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement , , CIFTA , , , , 31 July 1996 , , 1 July 1997 , - , Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement , , CCFTA , , , , 5 December 1996 , , 5 July 1997 , - , Canada–Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement , , CCRFTA , , , , 23 April 2001 , , 1 November 2002 , - , Canada–European Free Trade Association Free Trade Agreement , , CEFTA , , , , 26 January 2008 , , 1 July 2009 , - , Canada–Peru Free Trade Agreement , , CPFTA , , , , 29 May 2008 , , 1 August 2009 , - , Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement , , CCoFTA , , , 21 November 2008 , , 15 August 2011 , - , Canada–Jordan Free Trade Agreement , , CJFTA , , , 28 June 2009 , , 1 October 2012 , - , Canada–Panama Free Trade Agreement , , CPAFTA , , , 14 May 2010 , , 1 April 2013 , - , Canada–Honduras Free Trade Agreement , , CHFTA , , , 5 November 2013 , , 1 October 2014 , - , Canada–Korea Free Trade Agreement , , CKFTA , , , , 11 March 2014 , , 1 January 2015 , - , Canada–Ukraine Free Trade Agreement , , CUFTA , , , , 11 July 2016 , , 1 August 2017 , - , Canadian Free Trade Agreement (interprovincial trade agreement) , , CFTA , , , , July 1 2017 , , July 1 2017 , - , Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement , , CETA , , , , 30 October 2016 , , 21 September 2017 , - ,

, , CPTPP,
TPP-11, , , , 8 March 2018 , , 30 December 2018 , - , Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement , , CUSMA , , {{plainlist , {{flag, Mexico {{flag, United States , , 30 November 2018 , , 1 July 2020 , - , Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement , , Canada–UK TCA , , {{flag, United Kingdom{{Efn, Trade between Canada and the United Kingdom had formerly benefited from the Canada–EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), although CETA ceased to apply to Canada–UK trade after the UK withdrew from the EU in 2021. The Trade Continuity Agreement largely replicates the provisions of CETA until a more comprehensive trade agreement is agreed upon., name=, group=lower-alpha , , 9 December 2020 , , 1 April 2021 , -

Under negotiation

Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs: *{{flag, United Kingdom *{{flag, ASEAN, name=Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) *{{flag, Mercosur *

Pacific Alliance *{{flag, India *{{flag, Indonesia

Negotiations ended with no plan to restart

*{{flag, Dominican Republic *{{flag, Morocco *{{flag, Singapore, abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole *{{flag, Guatemala, {{flag, Nicaragua, and {{flag, El Salvador *{{flag, Caribbean Community ( CARIBCAN)

Exploratory discussions

Canada is undertaking exploratory discussions of

bilateral Bilateral may refer to any concept including two sides, in particular: *Bilateria, bilateral animals *Bilateralism, the political and cultural relations between two states *Bilateral, occurring on both sides of an organism ( Anatomical terms of l ...

or multilateral FTAs with the following countries and trade blocs, although formal negotiations have not yet begun: *{{flag, China, abandoned following the

detention of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig In December 2018, Canadian nationals Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig were taken into custody in China. It appeared that their detention on December 10 and subsequent indictment under the state secrets law were linked to the arrest of Huawei c ...

and the extradition case of Meng Wanzhou *{{flag, Philippines, suspended following the Canada–Philippines waste dispute and abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole *{{flag, Thailand, abandoned following the commencement of exploratory discussions for a free trade agreement with ASEAN as a whole *{{flag, Turkey, with no progress since 2013

Abandoned free-trade agreement proposals

{, class="wikitable" , - ! Agreement name !! Abbreviation !! Countries involved !! Notes , - , Free Trade Area of the Americas , , FTAA , , style="white-space: nowrap;", {{collapsible list, title=32, {{flagcountry, Antigua and Barbuda, {{flagcountry, Argentina, {{flagcountry, Bahamas, {{flagcountry, Barbados, {{flagcountry, Belize, {{flagcountry, Bolivia, {{flagcountry, Brazil, {{flagcountry, Chile, {{flagcountry, Colombia, {{flagcountry, Costa Rica, {{flagcountry, Dominica, {{flagcountry, Dominican Republic, {{flagcountry, Ecuador, {{flagcountry, El Salvador, {{flagcountry, Grenada, {{flagcountry, Guatemala, {{flagcountry, Guyana, {{flagcountry, Haiti, {{flagcountry, Honduras, {{flagcountry, Jamaica, {{flagcountry, Mexico, {{flagcountry, Nicaragua, {{flagcountry, Panama, {{flagcountry, Paraguay, {{flagcountry, Peru , {{flagcountry, Saint Kitts and Nevis , {{flagcountry, Saint Lucia , {{flagcountry, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, {{flagcountry, Suriname, {{flagcountry, Trinidad and Tobago, {{flagcountry, United States, {{flagcountry, Uruguay, {{flagcountry, Venezuela , , Proposed expansion of the

to all members of the

Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 Apri ...

, negotiated from 1994 to 2005. During the

4th Summit of the Americas The 4th Summit of the Americas was held at Mar del Plata, about southeast of Buenos Aires in Argentina, on November 4–5, 2005. This summit (meeting), summit gathered together the leaders of all the countries of the Americas, American contine ...

in 2005, 26 of the countries pledged to meet again in 2006 to resume negotiations but no such meeting took place. , - , Canada–Central American Four Free Trade Agreement , , CCA4FTA , , {{plainlist, *{{flag, Guatemala *{{flag, El Salvador *{{flag, Honduras *{{flag, Nicaragua , , Twelve rounds of negotiations from 2001 to 2010. When no agreement was reached during the 2010 round, Canada and Honduras decided to pursue bilateral negotiations and concluded a separate bilateral FTA.{{cite web , title=Additional background information , url=http://international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/ca4/fta-ale/info.aspx?lang=eng , website=Canada-Guatemala, Nicaragua and El Salvador (Formerly Canada – Central American Four) Free Trade Agreement Negotiations , publisher=Global Affairs Canada , access-date=25 November 2018 , date=14 February 2017 , archive-date=24 July 2017 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724082747/http://international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/ca4/fta-ale/info.aspx?lang=eng , url-status=live , - ,

Trans-Pacific Partnership The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), or Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, was a highly contested proposed trade agreement between 12 Pacific Rim economies, Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pe ...

, , TPP , , style="white-space: nowrap;", {{plainlist, *{{Flag, Australia *{{flag, Brunei *{{flag, Chile *{{flag, Japan *{{flag, Malaysia *{{flag, Mexico *{{flag, New Zealand *{{flag, Peru *{{flag, Singapore *{{flag, United States *{{flag, Vietnam , , Agreement was signed 4 February 2016. Following the withdrawal of the United States' signature on 23 January 2017 the agreement is defunct, and the remaining members instead concluded the

Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements

A Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (FIPA) is an agreement to promote foreign investing.

FIPAs in force

The following is a list of FIPAs in force, including date of entry into force. *Canada–Argentina (29 April 1993) *Canada–Armenia (29 March 1999) *Canada–Barbados (17 January 1997) *Canada–Benin (18 January 2013) *Canada–Burkina Faso (11 October 2017) *Canada–Cameroon (16 December 2016) * Canada–China (1 October 2014) *Canada–Costa Rica (29 September 1999) *Canada–Côte d'Ivoire (14 December 2015) *Canada–Croatia (30 January 2001) *Canada–Czech Republic (22 January 2012) *Canada–Ecuador (6 June 1997) *Canada–Egypt (3 November 1997) *Canada–Guinea (27 March 2017) *Canada–Hong Kong (6 September 2016) *Canada–Hungary (21 November 1993) *Canada–Jordan (14 December 2009) *Canada–Kosovo (19 December 2018) *Canada–Kuwait (19 February 2014) *Canada–Latvia (24 November 2011) *Canada–Lebanon (19 June 1999) *Canada–Mali (8 June 2016) *Canada–Mongolia (24 February 2017) *Canada–Panama (13 February 1998) *Canada–Peru (20 June 2007) *Canada–Philippines (13 November 1996) *Canada–Poland (22 November 1990) *Canada–Romania (23 November 2011) *Canada–Russian Federation (27 June 1991) *Canada–Senegal (5 August 2016) *Canada–Serbia (27 April 2015) *Canada–Slovak Republic (14 March 2012) *Canada–Tanzania (9 December 2013) *Canada–Thailand (24 September 2008) *Canada–Trinidad & Tobago (8 June 1996) *Canada–Ukraine (24 June 1995) *Canada–Uruguay (2 June 1999) *Canada–Venezuela (28 January 1998)

FIPAs signed

The following is a list of FIPAs that have been concluded and signed, but have not yet entered into force. *Canada–Moldova (June 2018) *Canada–Nigeria (May 2014)

FIPA negotiations concluded

The following is a list of FIPA negotiations concluded, and are not in force. First is the country, then the date it was concluded. *Canada–Albania (November 2013) *Canada–Bahrain (February 2010) *Canada–Madagascar (August 2008) *Canada–United Arab Emirates (May 2018) *Canada–Zambia (March 2013)

Ongoing FIPA negotiations

The following is a list of FIPA negotiations that have not yet concluded. *Canada–Democratic Republic of Congo *Canada–Gabon *Canada–Georgia *Canada–Ghana *Canada–India *Canada–Kazakhstan *Canada–Kenya *Canada–Republic of Macedonia *Canada–Mauritania *Canada–Mozambique *Canada–Pakistan *Canada–Qatar *Canada–Rwanda *Canada–Tunisia

Notes

{{notelist

References

{{reflist {{Free-trade agreements{{Economy of Canada footer Foreign trade of Canada