Frederic Clemson Howe (November 21, 1867 – August 3, 1940) was a member of the

Ohio Senate The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the s ...

, a

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(advocate of a single tax), Commissioner of Immigration of the Port of New York, and published author. He was also founder and president of the League of Small and Subject Nationalities.

Biography

He received a bachelor's degree from

Allegheny College he, תגל ערבה ותפרח כחבצלת , mottoeng = "Add to your faith, virtue and to your faith, knowledge" (2 Peter 1:5)"The desert shall rejoice and the blossom as the rose" (Isaiah 35:1) , faculty = 193 ...

in 1889 and a Ph.D from

Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, Johns Hopkins is the oldest research university in the United States and in the western hemisphere. It consi ...

in 1892. In 1901, he was elected to

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as a Republican. During his tenure, he became a key advisor to

Tom L. Johnson Tom Loftin Johnson (July 18, 1854 – April 10, 1911) was an American industrialist, Georgist politician, and important figure of the Progressive Era and a pioneer in urban political and social reform. He was a U.S. Representative from 1891 to ...

, mayor of Cleveland at that time. He ran for reelection as an independent, but lost. In 1904, he married Marie Jenney. He studied law at

Miami University Miami University (informally Miami of Ohio or simply Miami) is a public research university in Oxford, Ohio. The university was founded in 1809, making it the second-oldest university in Ohio (behind Ohio University, founded in 1804) and the ...

in Ohio. In 1905, he published "The City: the Hope of Democracy", which the Oxford English Dictionary cites as the first use of the term "big business". In 1919, Howe was targeted during a bombing spree, but was unharmed. Murray, Robert K. (1955)
''Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919-1920''.
Minneapolis:

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. . On 27 July 1933, George N. Peek, head of the

Agricultural Adjustment Administration The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses. The government bought livestock for slaughter and paid farmers subsidies not to plant on part o ...

, appointed Howe as the head of the Consumers' Counsel. Howe was associated with other left-wing members of the Roosevelt administration.

Rexford Tugwell Rexford Guy Tugwell (July 10, 1891 – July 21, 1979) was an American economist who became part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's first "Brain Trust", a group of Columbia University academics who helped develop policy recommendations leading up to ...

claimed that Howe was "the subject of vitriolic attacks by the business interests" and was "pictured as a Red". Chester R. Davis now decided to get rid of Howe. He later recalled: "Fred Howe was a man of high ideals and very practical sense. He was the 'turn the other cheek' type. He was a well-meaning man who permitted his organization to be loaded down with a group of people who were more concerned with stirring up discontent than they were with achieving the objectives of the act."Oral History Research Office (1953)
''The Reminiscences of Chester R. Brown'', p. 313.
St. Louis Fed. Howe is buried in

Meadville, Pennsylvania Meadville is a city in and the county seat of Crawford County, Pennsylvania. The city is within of Erie and within of Pittsburgh. It was the first permanent settlement in Northwestern Pennsylvania. The population was 13,388 at the 2010 ce ...

References

Selected works

* (1896). ''Taxation and Taxes in the United States''. * (1897). ''The City of Cleveland in Relation to the Street Railway Question''. * (1905). ''The City: the Hope of Democracy''. * (1906)
''The Confessions of a Monopolist''.
Chicago: The Public Publishing Company. * (1907). ''The British City: The Beginnings of Democracy''. * (1910). ''Privilege and Democracy in America''. * (1912). ''Wisconsin: An Experiment in Democracy''. * (1913). ''European Cities at Work''. * (1914). ''The Modern City and Its Problems''. * (1915). ''Socialized Germany''. * (1916)
''Why War''.
New York:

Charles Scribner's Sons Charles Scribner's Sons, or simply Scribner's or Scribner, is an American publisher based in New York City, known for publishing American authors including Henry James, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Kurt Vonnegut, Marjorie Kinnan R ...

. * (1917). ''The High Cost of Living''. * (1919). ''The Land and the Soldier''. * (1919). ''The Only Possible Peace''. * (1921). ''Denmark: a Cooperative Commonwealth''. * (1921). ''Revolution and Democracy''. * (1925). ''The Confessions of a Reformer''. Articles
"The City as a Socializing Agency: The Physical Basis of the City: The City Plan."
''

American Journal of Sociology The ''American Journal of Sociology'' is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly academic journal that publishes original research and book reviews in the field of sociology and related social sciences. It was founded in 1895 as the first journal in its disc ...

'', vol. 17, no. 5 (1912), pp. 590–601. .

Sources

* Breamner, Robert H. (1949)
"The Civic Revival in Ohio: Honest Man's Story: Frederic C. Howe."
'' American Journal of Economics and Sociology'', vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 413–422. . * Miller, Kenneth E. (2010). ''From Progressive to New Dealer: Frederic C. Howe and American Liberalism''.

Penn State University Press The Penn State University Press, also known as The Pennsylvania State University Press, was established in 1956 and is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals. It is the independent publishing branch of the Pennsylvania State Un ...

. * Rippley, LaVern J. (1988). "Charles McCarthy and Frederic C. Howe: Their Imperial German Sources for the Wisconsin Idea in Progressive Politics." ''Monatshefte'', vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 67–81.

External links

*
Works by Frederic C. Howe
at

JSTOR JSTOR (; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library founded in 1995 in New York City. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary sources as well as current issues of j ...

Works by Frederic C. Howe
at

Hathi Trust HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries including content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally ...

Howe biography at Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

"Frederic C. Howe: Making Cleveland the City Beautiful (Or At Least, Trying)"

{{DEFAULTSORT:Howe, Frederic C. Ohio Republicans Johns Hopkins University alumni University of Maryland, College Park alumni 1867 births 1940 deaths Georgist politicians