Franz Eilhard Schulze (22 March 1840 – 2 November 1921) was a German

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...

and

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and d ...

born in Eldena, near

Greifswald Greifswald (), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (german: Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald, Low German: ''Griepswoold'') is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rosto ...

Biography

He studied at the Universities of

Bonn The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ru ...

and

Rostock Rostock (), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (german: link=no, Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock), is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state ...

. In 1863, he received his doctorate from Rostock, where he subsequently became a lecturer of

anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having i ...

(1864) and an associate professor of

comparative anatomy Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era, continuing in ...

(1865). In 1871 he established the zoological institute at the University of Rostock.See entry o
Franz Eilhard Schulze
in

Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium The Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium (CPR) is a freely accessible online catalogue of all professors at the University of Rostock from 1419 to the present. Each entry documents a professor's biographical data and scientific achievements and i ...

Later on, he served as a professor at the Universities of

Graz Graz (; sl, Gradec) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 331,562 (294,236 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2018, the popula ...

and

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...

. In 1872, he took part in the "Pomerania" expedition to the

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian ...

. For several years during the 1890s, he was president of the German Zoological Society (''Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft''). He made contributions in his studies on the

and developmental history of

invertebrates Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordat ...

, in particular, his research and publications in regards to sea-

sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate throu ...

s. He was especially interested in a class of sponges known as

Hexactinellida Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges. They are usually classified along with other sponges in the phylum Porifera, but some researchers con ...

, of which he studied from collections taken from the U.S. "Albatross Expedition" and the British "

Challenger Expedition The ''Challenger'' expedition of 1872–1876 was a scientific program that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was named after the naval vessel that undertook the trip, . The expedition, initiated by Wi ...

" (1873–76). Schulze also conducted important investigations of delicate sponge-like

protozoans Protozoa (singular: protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. Hist ...

known as

xenophyophores Xenophyophorea is a clade of foraminiferans. Members of this class are multinucleate unicellular organisms found on the ocean floor throughout the world's oceans, at depths of . They are a kind of foraminiferan that extract minerals from the ...

. In 1883, Schulze was the first to describe

Trichoplax adhaerens ''Trichoplax adhaerens'' is one of the three named species in the phylum Placozoa. The others are '' Hoilungia hongkongensis'' and '' Polyplacotoma mediterranea''. The Placozoa is a basal group of multicellular animals (metazoa). ''Trichoplax'' ...

, one of the most basal multicellular animals and member species of the phylum

placozoa The Placozoa are a basal form of marine free-living (non-parasitic) multicellular organism. They are the simplest in structure of all animals. Three genera have been found: the classical ''Trichoplax adhaerens'', '' Hoilungia hongkongensis'', a ...

Selected works

* ''Amerikanische Hexactinelliden nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition''.

Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...

1899. * ''Hexactinellida''. Jena: G. Fischer, 1904. * ''Die Xenophyophoren der Siboga-Expedition''.

Leiden Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration w ...

: Brill, 1906.

Notes

References

* "This article incorporates translated text from an equivalent article at the

German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedi ...

External links

* German anatomists 19th-century German zoologists 1840 births 1921 deaths University of Rostock alumni University of Bonn alumni Academics of the University of Graz Humboldt University of Berlin faculty Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala {{Germany-zoologist-stub