Frank Heyling Furness (November 12, 1839 - June 27, 1912) was an American architect of the

Victorian era In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwa ...

. He designed more than 600 buildings, most in the

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since ...

area, and is remembered for his diverse, muscular, often unordinarily scaled buildings, and for his influence on the Chicago architect Louis Sullivan. Furness also received a

Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of val ...

for bravery during the

Civil War A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government polici ...

. Toward the end of his life, his bold style fell out of fashion, and many of his significant works were demolished in the 20th century. Among his most important surviving buildings are the University of Pennsylvania Library (now the

Fisher Fine Arts Library The Fisher Fine Arts Library was the primary library of the University of Pennsylvania from 1891 to 1962. The red sandstone, brick-and- terra-cotta Venetian Gothic giant—part fortress and part cathedral—was designed by the acclaimed ...

), the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, all in

, Pennsylvania, and the Baldwin School Residence Hall in Bryn Mawr.

Biography

Furness was born in Philadelphia on November 12, 1839. His father,

William Henry Furness William Henry Furness (April 20, 1802 – January 30, 1896) was an American clergyman, theologian, Transcendentalist, abolitionist, and reformer. Biography Furness was born in Boston, where he attended the Boston Latin School and developed a lif ...

, was a prominent Unitarian minister and abolitionist, and his brother, Horace Howard Furness, became America's outstanding Shakespeare scholar. Frank, however, did not attend a university and apparently did not travel to Europe. He began his architectural training in the office of John Fraser, Philadelphia, in the 1850s. He attended the École des Beaux-Arts-inspired atelier of

Richard Morris Hunt Richard Morris Hunt (October 31, 1827 – July 31, 1895) was an American architect of the nineteenth century and an eminent figure in the history of American architecture. He helped shape New York City with his designs for the 1902 entrance fa� ...

in New York from 1859 to 1861, and again in 1865, following his military service. Furness considered himself Hunt's apprentice and was influenced by Hunt's dynamic personality and accomplished, elegant buildings. He was also influenced by the architectural concepts of the French engineer Viollet-le-Duc and the British critic

John Ruskin John Ruskin (8 February 1819 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and pol ...

Unitarian Church at Germantown, Philadelphia, by Newell, R

Furness's first commission, Germantown Unitarian Church (1866–67, demolished ca. 1928), was a solo effort, but in 1867, he formed a partnership with Fraser, his former teacher, and George Hewitt, who had worked in the office of John Notman. The trio lasted less than five years, and its major commissions were Rodef Shalom Synagogue (1868–69, demolished) and the Lutheran Church of the Holy Communion (1870–75, demolished). Following Fraser's move to Washington, D.C., to become supervising architect for the U.S. Treasury Department, the two younger men formed a partnership in 1871, and soon won the design competition for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1871–76). Louis Sullivan worked briefly as a draftsman for Furness & Hewitt (June - November 1873), and his later use of organic decorative motifs can be traced, at least in part, to Furness. By the beginning of 1876, Furness had broken with Hewitt, and the firm carried only his name. Hewitt and his brother William formed their own firm, G.W. & W.D. Hewitt, and became Furness's biggest competitor. In 1881, Furness promoted his chief draftsman, Allen Evans, to partner (Furness & Evans); and, in 1886, did the same for four other long-time employees. The firm continued under the name Furness, Evans & Company as late as 1932, two decades after its founder's death.Michael J. Lewis, ''Frank Furness: Architecture and the Violent Mind'' (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 2001). Furness was one of the most highly paid architects of his era, and a founder of the Philadelphia Chapter of the

American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to s ...

. Over his 45-year career, he designed more than 600 buildings, including banks, office buildings, churches, and synagogues. Nearly one-third of his commissions came from railroad companies. As chief architect of the Reading Railroad, he designed about 130 stations and industrial buildings. For the Pennsylvania Railroad, he designed more than 20 structures, including the great Broad Street Station (demolished 1953) at Broad and Market Streets in Philadelphia. His 40 stations for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad included the ingenious 24th Street Station (demolished 1963) beside the Chestnut Street Bridge. His residential buildings included numerous mansions in Philadelphia and its suburbs, especially the Philadelphia Main Line and commissioned houses at the New Jersey seashore;

Newport, Rhode Island Newport is an American seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island. It is located in Narragansett Bay, approximately southeast of Providence, south of Fall River, Massachusetts, south of Boston, and northeast of New Yor ...

; Bar Harbor, Maine; Washington, D.C.; New York state; and

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...

, Illinois. Furness broke from dogmatic adherence to European trends, and juxtaposed styles and elements in a forceful manner. His strong architectural will is seen in the unorthodox way he combined materials: stone, iron, glass, terra cotta, and brick. And his straightforward use of these materials, often in innovative or technologically advanced ways, reflected Philadelphia's industrial-realist culture of the post–Civil War period.

Interior Design and Furniture by Furness

Desk, designed by Frank Furness, 1870-71, Philadelphia Museum of Art

Furness designed custom furniture for a number of his early residences and buildings. One notable commission was the 1870-1871 redesign of the interiors of elder brother Horace Howard Furness's city house, at the southwest corner of 7th & Locust Streets, Philadelphia. Work on HHF's library included elaborate Neo-Grec bookcases, a

reliquary A reliquary (also referred to as a ''shrine'', by the French term ''châsse'', and historically including '' phylacteries'') is a container for relics. A portable reliquary may be called a ''fereter'', and a chapel in which it is housed a ''fer ...

for a (supposed) death mask of

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

, and a Neo-Grec desk, now at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. These pieces can be documented by drawings in Furness's sketchbooks and a letter in HHF's papers: ''"These bookcases were placed in position this day—February 18th 1871. They were designed by Capt. Frank Furness, and made by Daniel Pabst …"'' In 1873, Furness designed interiors and furniture for the Manhattan city house of Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., father of the future president. Although the house was demolished, Furness/Pabst furniture from it survives at

Sagamore Hill Sagamore Hill was the home of the 26th president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, from 1885 until his death in 1919. It is located in Cove Neck, New York, near Oyster Bay on the North Shore of Long Island,Bleyer, Bill.When LI place n ...

, the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

, and the

High Museum of Art The High Museum of Art (colloquially the High) is the largest museum for visual art in the Southeastern United States. Located in Atlanta, Georgia (on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the city's arts district), the High is 312,000 square feet (28, ...

, in Atlanta. Furness designed bookcases and a suite of table and armchairs for the boardroom of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, along with the lectern for its auditorium. Manufacture of these is attributed to Pabst. A 1875-1876 PAFA boardroom armchair is in the

Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and nam ...

, in London.

Military service

During the Civil War, Furness served as captain and commander of Company F, 6th Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry ("Rush's Lancers"). He received the

for his gallantry at the Battle of Trevilian Station.

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Captain, Company F, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Place and date: At Trevilian Station, Virginia, June 12, 1864. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth:------. Date of issue: October 20, 1899. Citation:

The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Captain (Cavalry) Frank Furness, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 12 June 1864, while serving with Company F, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, in action at Trevilian Station, Virginia. Captain Furness voluntarily carried a box of ammunition across an open space swept by the enemy's fire to the relief of an outpost whose ammunition had become almost exhausted, but which was thus enabled to hold its important position.Wittenberg, 2000.

Gettysburg monument

Twenty-five years after fighting in the

Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. In the battle, Union Major General George Meade's Army of the ...

, he designed the monument to his regiment on South Cavalry Field:

In design it is a simple granite block, as massive as a dolmen, but surrounded by a corona of bronze lances that are models of the original lances. ... '' 'hey are depicted in a resting position, as if waiting to be seized at any instant and brought into battle. The sense of suspended action before the moment of the battle is all the more potent because it is rendered in stone and metal, making it perpetual. Of the hundreds of monuments at Gettysburg, Furness's is among the most haunting.

Personal

Furness married Fanny Fassit in 1866, and they had four children: Radclyffe, Theodore, James, and Annis Lee. His brother-in-law, James Wilson Fassitt Jr. (1850–1892), became an architect in Furness's firm, and was promoted to partner in 1886. Frank Furness died on June 27, 1912, at " Idlewild," his summer house outside Media, and was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery,

Rediscovery

Following decades of neglect, during which many of Furness's most important buildings were demolished, there was a revival of interest in his work in the mid-20th century. The critic

Lewis Mumford Lewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a broad career as a w ...

, tracing the creative forces that had influenced Louis Sullivan and

Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements o ...

, wrote in ''The Brown Decades'' (1931): "Frank Furness was the designer of a bold, unabashed, ugly, and yet somehow healthily pregnant architecture." The architectural historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock, in his comprehensive survey ''Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries'' (revised 1963), saw beauty in that ugliness: Architect and critic Robert Venturi in ''Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture'' (1966) wrote, not unadmiringly, of the National Bank of the Republic (later the Philadelphia Clearing House):

The city street facade can provide a type of juxtaposed contradiction that is essentially two-dimensional. Frank Furness' Clearing House, now demolished like many of his best works in Philadelphia, contained an array of violent pressures within a rigid frame. The half-segmental arch, blocked by the submerged tower which, in turn, bisects the facade into a near duality, and the violent adjacencies of rectangles, squares, lunettes, and diagonals of contrasting sizes, compose a building seemingly held up by the buildings next door: it is an almost insane short story of a castle on a city street.

On the occasion of its centennial in 1969, the Philadelphia Chapter of the

memorialized Furness as its 'great architect of the past':

For designing original and bold buildings free of the prevalent Victorian academicism and imitation, buildings of such vigor that the flood of classical traditionalism could not overwhelm them, or him, or his clients ... For shaping iron and concrete with a sensitive understanding of their particular characteristics that was unique for his time ... For his significance as innovator-architect along with his contemporaries
John Root John Wellborn Root (January 10, 1850 – January 15, 1891) was an American architect who was based in Chicago with Daniel Burnham. He was one of the founders of the Chicago School style. Two of his buildings have been designated a National ...
, Louis Sullivan and
Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements o ...
... For his masterworks, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Provident Trust Company, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station, and the University of Pennsylvania Library (now renamed the Furness Building) ... For his outstanding abilities as draftsman, teacher and inventor ... For being a founder of the Philadelphia Chapter and of the John Stewardson Memorial Scholarship in Architecture ... And above all, for creating architecture of imagination, decisive self-reliance, courage, and often great beauty, an architecture which to our eyes and spirits still expresses the unusual personal character, spirit and courage for which he was awarded the Congressional
Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of val ...
for bravery on a Civil War battlefield.

File:ProvidentTrust.jpg, Provident Life & Trust Company, Philadelphia (1879, demolished 1959–60). File:Furness National Bank of the Republic.jpg, National Bank of the Republic (later Philadelphia Clearing House), Philadelphia (1883–84, demolished). File:B&OPassengerStationPhiladelphia.jpg, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Philadelphia (1886–88, demolished 1963).

Legacy

Furness designed custom interiors and furniture in collaboration with Philadelphia cabinetmaker Daniel Pabst. Examples are in the collections of the Philadelphia Museum of Art; the University of Pennsylvania; the

in Atlanta, Georgia; the

in London, and elsewhere.

Mark-Lee Kirk Charles Mark-Lee Kirk (May 16, 1895 – December 10, 1969) was an American art director. He was nominated for three Academy Awards in the category of Academy Award for Best Production Design, Best Art Direction. He worked on 52 films between ...

's set designs for the 1942

Orson Welles George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter, known for his innovative work in film, radio and theatre. He is considered to be among the greatest and most influential f ...

film ''

The Magnificent Ambersons ''The Magnificent Ambersons'' is a 1918 novel by Booth Tarkington, the second in his ''Growth'' trilogy after ''The Turmoil'' (1915) and before ''The Midlander'' (1923, retitled ''National Avenue'' in 1927). It won the Pulitzer Prize for ficti ...

'' seem to be based on Furness's ornate Neo-Grec interiors of the 1870s. A fictional desk designed by Furness is featured in the John Bellairs novel ''The Mansion in the Mist''. Furness's independence and modernist Victorian-Gothic style inspired 20th-century architects

Louis Kahn Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky; – March 17, 1974) was an Estonian-born American architect based in Philadelphia. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935. W ...

and Robert Venturi. Living in Philadelphia and teaching at the

University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest- ...

, they often visited Furness's Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts — built for the 1876 Centennial — and his University of Pennsylvania Library. In 1973, the Philadelphia Museum of Art mounted the first retrospective of Furness's work, curated by James F. O'Gorman, George E. Thomas and Hyman Myers. Thomas, Jeffrey A. Cohen and Michael J. Lewis authored ''Frank Furness: The Complete Works'' (1991, revised 1996), with an introduction by Robert Venturi. Lewis wrote the first biography: ''Frank Furness: Architecture and the Violent Mind'' (2001). The 2012 centenary of Furness's death was observed with exhibitions at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the University of Pennsylvania, Drexel University, the Library Company of Philadelphia, the

Athenaeum of Philadelphia The Athenaeum of Philadelphia, located at 219 S. 6th Street between St. James Place and Locust Street in the Society Hill neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a special collections library and museum founded in 1814 to collect materials ...

, the Delaware Historical Society, the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, and elsewhere. On September 14, a Pennsylvania state historical marker was dedicated in front of Furness's boyhood home at 1426 Pine Street, Philadelphia (now Peirce College Alumni Hall). Opposite the marker is Furness's 1874-75 dormitory addition to the Pennsylvania Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, now the Furness Residence Hall of the University of the Arts.

Selected architectural works

Philadelphia buildings

*Northern Savings Fund Society Building, 1871–72, with George Hewitt. * Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Broad & Cherry Streets, 1871–76, with George Hewitt. *Parish House, Church of St. Luke and the Epiphany, 330 South 13th Street, c. 1875, with George Hewitt. * Thomas Hockley House, 21st & St. James Streets, 1875. *Gatehouses,

Philadelphia Zoological Gardens The Philadelphia Zoo, located in the Centennial District of Philadelphia on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, is the first true zoo in the United States. It was chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on March 21, 1859, but its openin ...

, 1875–76. *

Centennial National Bank The Centennial National Bank is a historic building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Designed by noted Philadelphia architect Frank Furness and significant in his artistic development, it was built in 1876 as the headquarters of the eponymous ban ...

, 33rd & Market Streets, 1876. Now Paul Peck Alumni Center, Drexel University. *Kensington National Bank, Girard & Frankford Aves., 1877 (Now a branch of Wells Fargo). * St. Stephen's Episcopal Church transept and vestry room, 19 S 10th Street, 1879. * Knowlton (William H. Rhawn mansion), Rhawn Street & Verree Road, 1881. * Gravers Lane Station, 200 E Gravers Lane, Chestnut Hill, 1882. Philadelphia & Reading Company * Mount Airy Station, E Gowen Ave & Devon St, Mount Airy, 1882. Philadelphia & Reading Company * Undine Barge Club, #13 Boathouse Row, 1882–83. * First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, 2125 Chestnut Street, 1885. * University of Pennsylvania Library, 34th Street, 1891. Now the Anne and Jerome Fisher Fine Arts Library. *Mortuary Chapel, Mount Sinai Cemetery (Frankford), 1891–92. * Horace Jayne House, 19th & Delancey Streets, 1895. *Girard Trust Bank, Broad & Chestnut Streets, 1907 (now The Ritz-Carlton Philadelphia) constructed for the Girard Trust Company. *Henry's home, sole surviving building of the demolished Thomas and H. Pratt McKean townhouses, 1923 Walnut St., 1869. * Undine Barge Club, Boathouse Row, Philadelphia, 1882. * Wayne Junction station, 4481 Wayne Avenue.

Demolished Philadelphia buildings

*Germantown Unitarian Church, 1866-67 *Rodef Shalom Synagogue, 1868–69. *Thomas and H. Pratt McKean townhouses, 1923-25 Walnut St., 1869, demolished 1897 and 1920s. *Lutheran Church of the Holy Communion, 1870–75. *Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 1875. *Brazilian Section, Main Exhibition Building, Centennial Exposition (1876). *Church of the Redeemer for Seamen and their Families, 1878. * Provident Life & Trust Company, 1879. *Library Company of Philadelphia Building, 1879–80. *

Reliance Insurance Company Reliance Insurance Company, now officially known as Reliance Insurance Company n Liquidation was founded in Philadelphia in 1817 and has undergone numerous corporate makeovers in the intervening years. As of October 3, 2001, the company has ...

Building, 1881–82. *National Bank of the Republic (later Philadelphia Clearing House), 1883–84. * Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station (24th Street Station), 1886–88. *The Cottage at the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital, c 1888 *Franklin Sugar Refinery, 125 S 12th Street, c. 1895. * Alexander J. Cassatt townhouse, 202 West Rittenhouse Square, c. 1888. * Broad Street Station, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1892–93. *Arcade Building and pedestrian bridge to Broad Street Station, 1901–02.

Buildings elsewhere

Railroad Stations

* Wallingford Station, Wallingford, Pennsylvania, c. 1880. * Manheim Station, Manheim, Pennsylvania, 1881, Philadelphia & Reading Company. *East Strasburg Station, Petersburg, Pennsylvania, 1882, Philadelphia & Reading Company, moved to

Strasburg Railroad The Strasburg Rail Road is a heritage railroad and the oldest continuously operating standard-gauge railroad in the western hemisphere, as well as the oldest public utility in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Chartered in 1832, the Strasburg Rai ...

. *Sunbury Station, Sunbury, Pennsylvania, 1883, Philadelphia & Reading Company. * Aberdeen Station, Aberdeen, Maryland, 1885, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. * B&O Station, Pittsburgh,

Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Wester ...

, Pennsylvania, 1887, demolished 1955, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. * Lansdowne Station, Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, 1901, Pennsylvania Railroad. *Edgewood Station, Edgewood, Pennsylvania, 1903, Pennsylvania Railroad. *Sherwood Station, Riderwood, Maryland, 1905, Northern Central Railway.

=Wilmington, Delaware

= Three buildings in

Wilmington, Delaware Wilmington (Unami language, Lenape: ''Paxahakink /'' ''Pakehakink)'' is the largest city in the U.S. state of Delaware. The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish colonization of the Americas, Swedish settlement in North ...

, reputed to be the largest grouping of Furness-designed railroad buildings, form the Frank Furness Railroad District. * Water Street Station, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, ca. 1887. * Pennsylvania Railroad Building, 1905. * French Street Station (Wilmington Station), Pennsylvania Railroad (now

Amtrak The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak () , is the national passenger railroad company of the United States. It operates inter-city rail service in 46 of the 48 contiguous U.S. States and nine cities in Canada. ...

), 1908.

Residences

*Grubb Cottage (E. Burd Grubb Estate), Burlington, New Jersey, 1872 *Lindenshade ( Horace Howard Furness house), Wallingford, Pennsylvania, 1873 (demolished 1940). *Fairholme (

Fairman Rogers Fairman Rogers (November 15, 1833 – August 22, 1900) was an American civil engineer, educator, and philanthropist. Early life Fairman Rogers was born in Philadelphia on November 15, 1833. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 185 ...

mansion),

, 1874–1875. Its carriage house is now Jean and David W. Wallace Hall,

Salve Regina University Salve Regina University is a private Roman Catholic university in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It was founded in 1934 by the Sisters of Mercy and is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education. The university enrolls m ...

. *George Fryer cottage, Cape May, New Jersey, 1871–72; rebuilt after fire, 1878–79. * Emlen Physick house, Cape May, New Jersey, 1879. * Fairview, near

Delaware City, Delaware Delaware City is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. The population was 1,695 at the 2010 census. It is a small port town on the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and is the location of the Forts Ferry Cros ...

(1880 alterations). Furness added a third story and rear wing to an 1822 farmhouse. * Dolobran ( Clement A. Griscom mansion), Haverford, Pennsylvania, 1881, circa-1888, 1894. * Lotta Crabtree Cottage, Mount Arlington, New Jersey, 1885–86. * Idlewild (Frank Furness house), Idlewild Lane,

Media, Pennsylvania Media is a borough in and the county seat of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It is located about west of Philadelphia, the sixth most populous city in the nation with 1.6 million residents as 2020. It is part of the Delaware Valley metropol ...

(c. 1888). *Ragged Edge (Col. Moorhead Kennedy house),

Chambersburg Chambersburg is a borough in and the county seat of Franklin County, in the South Central region of Pennsylvania, United States. It is in the Cumberland Valley, which is part of the Great Appalachian Valley, and north of Maryland and the Ma ...

, Pennsylvania, 1900–1901.

Schools

Williamson College of the Trades Williamson College of the Trades (formerly Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades) is a private men's junior vocational college in Middletown Township, near Media, Pennsylvania. The school was founded on December 1, 1888, by Philadelphia ...

(formerly ''Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades''),

Elwyn, Pennsylvania Elwyn is an unincorporated community located in Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania Middletown Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 15,807 at the 2010 census. The Pennsylvania ...

, original campus buildings, completed in 1889–90. * The Baldwin School (built as the second Bryn Mawr Hotel), Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 1890. *Recitation Hall,

University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD or Delaware) is a public land-grant research university located in Newark, Delaware. UD is the largest university in Delaware. It offers three associate's programs, 148 bachelor's programs, 121 ma ...

Newark, Delaware Newark ( )Not as in Newark, New Jersey. is a small city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. It is located west-southwest of Wilmington. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 31,454. Newark is home to the Un ...

, 1891. *

Haverford School , motto_translation = , address = 450 Lancaster Avenue , location = , region = , city = Haverford , county = , state = Pennsylvania , ...

, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 1902.

Churches

*All Hallows Church, Wyncote, Pennsylvania, 1897. *Church of Our Father, Hull's Cove, Mount Desert Island, Maine, 1890–91. * St. Michael's Protestant Episcopal Church, Birdsboro, Pennsylvania, 1884–85.

Other

*New Castle Public Library, New Castle, Delaware, 1892 (now Old Library Museum, New Castle Historical Society). *Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry (Rush's Lancers) Monument, Gettysburg Battlefield,

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Gettysburg (; non-locally ) is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg (1863) and President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address are named for this town. Gettysburg is home to ...

, 1888. * Merion Cricket Club, Haverford, Pennsylvania ( Allen Evans, Furness's partner, is credited with the design), 1896–97.Merion Cricket Club
at the Historic American Buildings Survey.

Gallery

File:22nd & Walnut, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg, Thomas and H. Pratt McKean Townhouses, 1923-25 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1869, demolished 1897 and 1920s). File:Lindenshade.jpg, Lindenshade ( Horace Howard Furness house), Wallingford, Pennsylvania (c. 1873, demolished 1940). A country house built for the architect's brother, it was later greatly expanded. File:HockleyHouse.jpg, Thomas Hockley house, 235 S. 21st St., Philadelphia (1875), Furness & Hewitt. File:Philadelphia Zoo entrance, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA-27June2010.jpg, Gatehouses, Philadelphia Zoo, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia (1875–76, altered), Furness & Hewitt. File:WTP A03 dthomsen8 1.jpg,

, Philadelphia (1876), now Paul Peck Alumni Center, Drexel University. File:Brazilian section, Main building, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views 2.jpg, Brazilian Section, Main Exhibition Building, Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia (1876). File:Cooks Villa 2 CMHD.JPG, J. F. Fryer cottage, Cape May, New Jersey (1878–79). The pierced-tile inserts in the railings are believed to have come from the Japanese Pavilion at the

1876 Centennial Exposition The Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first official World's Fair to be held in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the ...

. File:Wallingford Station.JPG, Wallingford Station, Wallingford, Pennsylvania (c. 1880). Horace Howard Furness's country house, Lindenshade, stood on the hill behind the station. File:Knowlton.JPG, Knowlton (William H. Rhawn mansion), Northeast Philadelphia (1881). File:Dolobran Montco PA 03.JPG, Dolobran ( Clement A. Griscom mansion), Haverford, Pennsylvania (1881, circa 1888, 1894). File:RelianceInsurance.jpg, Reliance Insurance Company of Philadelphia (1881–82, demolished 1960). File:Undine2010.jpg, Undine Barge Club,
#13 Boathouse Row, Philadelphia (1882–83). File:First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, 2125 Walnut Street.jpg, First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia (1886). File:B&OStationFromEast.jpg, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Philadelphia (1886–88, demolished 1963), looking west from 24th Street. File:B&OWaitingroomStair.jpg, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Philadelphia (1886–88, demolished 1963), stairs from Lower Waiting Room. File:BO1911.JPG, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Pittsburgh (1887, demolished 1955). File:Furness Idlewild.JPG, Idlewild, Media, Pennsylvania (1888). Furness's own country house is reminiscent of his University of Pennsylvania Library. File:CassattHouse.jpg, Alexander J. Cassatt townhouse, 202 West Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia (altered by Furness c. 1888, demolished 1972). File:Jayne House Philly.JPG, Horace Jayne House, 19th & Delancey Sts., Philadelphia (1895). The grandest of his surviving city houses, Mrs. Jayne was Furness's niece

Caroline Caroline may refer to: People *Caroline (given name), a feminine given name * J. C. Caroline (born 1933), American college and National Football League player * Jordan Caroline (born 1996), American (men's) basketball player Places Antarctica * ...

. File:MerionCricket.jpg, Merion Cricket Club, Haverford, Pennsylvania (1896–97). Allen Evans was a founding member of the club, and probably designed all its buildings. File:ArcadeBuilding.jpg, Arcade Building and pedestrian bridge to Broad Street Station, Philadelphia (1901–02, demolished 1969). File:GirardTrust.jpg, Girard Trust Company Building, Philadelphia (1907), (now The Ritz-Carlton Philadelphia). The concept for the bank was Furness's, but it was designed by Allen Evans and the New York firm of McKim, Mead and White. File:Williamson Free Trade School.JPG,

Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades Williamson College of the Trades (formerly Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades) is a private Men's college, men's Junior college, junior Vocational school, vocational college in Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Middleto ...

campus (1890), (Rowan Hall shown) Middletown Township, Pennsylvania. File:Graver Lane SEPTA.JPG, Graver's Lane Station, Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, Philadelphia (1882).

Notes

References

Sources

*Lewis, Michael J., ''Frank Furness: Architecture and the Violent Mind'', 2001. *O'Gorman, James F., et al., ''The Architecture of Frank Furness''. Philadelphia Museum of Art; 1973. *Thayer, Preston, ''The Railroad Designs of Frank Furness: Architecture and Corporate Imagery in the Late Nineteenth Century'', University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ph.D. dissertation), 1993. *Thomas, George E., Jeffrey A. Cohen & Michael J. Lewis, ''Frank Furness: The Complete Works''. Princeton Architectural Press, revised edition 1996. *Venturi, Robert, ''Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture''. The Museum of Modern Art; 1966. *

External links

Project List - Furness, Evans & Co.
at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
Project List - Frank Furness
at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings {{DEFAULTSORT:Furness, Frank 1839 births 1912 deaths 19th-century American architects American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor Architects from Philadelphia Baltimore and Ohio Railroad people Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia) Defunct architecture firms based in Pennsylvania Fellows of the American Institute of Architects Furness family Pennsylvania Railroad people People from Delaware County, Pennsylvania People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War American railway architects Union Army soldiers United States Army Medal of Honor recipients