Francis W. Moore, Jr.
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Francis W. Moore Jr. (1808–1864) became the second mayor of
Houston, Texas Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 in ...
, in 1838. He was elected twice more and served as mayor of the city in three consecutive decades, the 1830s, 1840s, and 1850s. He was the co-publisher of the ''Telegraph and Texas Register'', a newspaper in Houston.


Early life

Francis W. Moore Jr. was born on April 20, 1808, in Salem, Massachusetts. His father, Francis W. Moore, studied medicine at Harvard University. The Moores relocated to
Livingston, New York Livingston is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 3,628 at the 2020 census.US Census Bureau, 2020 census, Livingston town, Columbia County, New York https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&c ...
, in 1828. The younger Moore lost an arm in his youth. By 1834, he moved to Bath, New York, where he enrolled as a law student and worked as a teacher.


Career

Moore volunteered as a Buckeye Ranger, a military unit fighting for
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from Mexico in 1836.


Telegraph and Texas Register

In March 1837, Moore purchased Thomas Borden's shares in the ''
Telegraph and Texas Register ''Telegraph and Texas Register'' (1835–1877) was the second permanent newspaper in Texas. Originally conceived as the ''Telegraph and Texas Planter'', the newspaper was renamed shortly before it began publication, to reflect its new mission ...
''. Moore was co-owner with
Gail Borden Gail Borden Jr. (November 9, 1801 – January 11, 1874) was a native New Yorker who settled in Texas in 1829 (then still Mexico), where he worked as a land surveyor, newspaper publisher, and inventor. He created a process in 1853 to make sweet ...
and soon took over as editor-in-chief. At the time, the newspaper was located in
Columbia Columbia may refer to: * Columbia (personification), the historical female national personification of the United States, and a poetic name for America Places North America Natural features * Columbia Plateau, a geologic and geographic region in ...
. The 1st Texas Congress had been expected to name Columbia the capital of the new
Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas ( es, República de Tejas) was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, that bordered Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande in 1840 (another breakaway republic from Mex ...
.Kemp (1944), p. 6. Instead, they chose the brand-new city of Houston. The publishers made plans to move the press to Houston. Houston and Columbia were separated by of boggy river bottoms. It was very difficult to transport large loads overland, so publishers made arrangements to ship the printing press via boat.McMurtrie (1932), p. 182. On April 16, 1837, the press arrived in Houston, on the same boat as the executive departments of the Republic of Texas.Kemp (1944), p. 7. The first issue to be printed in Houston appeared on May 2, 1837.Barker (1917), p. 143. In late June, Gail Borden transferred his shares to Jacob W. Cruger.Gail Borden returned to the United States, where he founded Borden Milk Company. The partnership between Moore and Cruger continued until April 1851,Kökény (2004), p. 289. when Moore bought out Cruger.Carroll (1944), p. 421. Under Moore's leadership, the newspaper became "the most influential news organ of the Republic of Texas". Although the capital moved to
Austin Austin is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas, as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839, it is the 11th-most-populous city ...
in 1840, the newspaper remained in Houston. When the capital was relocated, Moore and Cruger established another newspaper, ''The Texas Sentinel'', in Austin.Lee (1917), p. 217. His reporting did not necessarily please politicians. Governor
Sam Houston Samuel Houston (, ; March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two i ...
once referred to Moore as that "'lying scribbler of the Telegraph, whose one arm could write more malicious falsehoods than any man with two arms'".quoted in Carroll (1944), p. 421. Many of the paper's articles were aimed at attracting immigrants to Texas, or retaining those who had recently arrived. Articles emphasized the good character of recent settlers (as opposed to the widespread belief that residents of Texas were scoundrels) and the advantages of living in the country.Kökény (2004), p. 294. Through much of 1837, Moore wrote a series of articles describing the natural resources of Texas and the geography of various regions of the nations. Moore's series on the geography of Texas was in 1840 compiled into a book ''Maps and Descriptions of Texas''. The book was reprinted in 1844 as ''Description of Texas''. The articles were widely quoted in other newspapers and journals; an 1843 issue of '' Southern Agriculturist'' copied at least one ''Telegraph'' article in whole.Carroll (1944), p. 422. Moore included many articles explaining and justifying the Texas Revolution and the very existence of the Republic.Kökény (2004), p. 292. At the same time, as early as 1837, the newspaper advocated annexation to the United States,Kökény (2004), p. 298. even publishing a series of articles explaining that Texas should have been considered part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1846, not long after Texas was annexed, Moore and Cruger changed the name of the newspaper to ''Democratic Telegraph and Texas Register'', as they explained, "to designate the plotical tenets that we shall advocate".Kökény (2004), p. 305. Moore designed the
Seal of Houston The Seal of the City of Houston is the insignia seal of the city of Houston. The Houston City Council, on Monday February 17, 1840, passed a resolution calling for the designing of a city seal. The council adopted the seal, designed by state senato ...
, adopted on February 24, 1840. He was paid $50 for his work. In 1854, Moore sold the newspaper to Harvey H. Allen.


Politics

Moore was elected as mayor of Houston in 1838. The second mayor of Houston established the first municipal police force. Using both the mayor's office and the printing press, he protested the practice of dueling and attempted to mediate disputes in order to prevent duels.Benham (1998), p. 61.


Geologist

Despite his opinion of Moore's reporting, in 1860 Sam Houston–now
Governor of Texas The governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. The current governor is Greg Abbott, who ...
–appointed Moore the State Geologist.Carroll (1944), p. 421.


Personal life

Moore wedded Elizabeth Mofat Wood in 1840, whom he had known in Bath, New York. The Moores had nine children.


Death and legacy

Moore died in Duluth, Minnesota, on September 1, 1864. He is interred in Brooklyn, New York, at Green-Wood Cemetery.


Notes


References


Sources

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External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Francis W. Jr. American newspaper people Mayors of Houston 1808 births 1864 deaths Telegraph and Texas Register 19th-century American politicians Republic of Texas politicians Newspaper publishers (people) Geologists Texas politicians Texas Unionists