Francis Herbert Dufty II (1846–1910), who was also known as Frank Dufty, was an English-born,

Australian Australian(s) may refer to: Australia * Australia, a country * Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia ** European Australians ** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists ** Aboriginal A ...

photographer A photographer (the Greek φῶς (''phos''), meaning "light", and γραφή (''graphê''), meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning "drawing with light") is a person who makes photographs. Duties and types of photographers As in other ...

, known for his photographs of Fiji. Dufty's contribution to Fiji was of primary importance in the 1870s, and he was one of Fiji's most significant, early photographers.

Life

Francis Herbert Dufty was born in Kennington, Surrey,

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

, to Francis Herbert and Martha ( née Stow) Dufty. In 1865, Dufty and his brother, Edward, migrated to Australia. Their father and younger brother,

Alfred Alfred may refer to: Arts and entertainment *''Alfred J. Kwak'', Dutch-German-Japanese anime television series * ''Alfred'' (Arne opera), a 1740 masque by Thomas Arne * ''Alfred'' (Dvořák), an 1870 opera by Antonín Dvořák *"Alfred (Interlu ...

, arrived in

Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...

, Australia, aboard the in September 1868, while their mother and another brother, Walter, arrived in April 1871. In 1883, he was married to Louisa Palmer, eldest daughter of James Palmer, of Vagadaci,

Levuka Levuka () is a town on the eastern coast of the Fijian island of Ovalau, in Lomaiviti Province, in the Eastern Division of Fiji. Prior to 1877, it was the capital of Fiji. At the census in 2007, the last to date, Levuka town had a population ...

, Fiji. Their son, Colin Dufty, was an

Australian rules footballer Australian football, also called Australian rules football or Aussie rules, or more simply football or footy, is a contact sport played between two teams of 18 players on an oval field, often a modified cricket ground. Points are scored by k ...

who played with Collingwood in the

Victorian Football League The Victorian Football League (VFL) is an Australian rules football league in Australia serving as one of the second-tier regional semi-professional competitions which sit underneath the fully professional Australian Football League (AFL). It ...

. Dufty died in Melbourne in 1910 at the age of 64.

Career

Australia

A professional photographer, Dufty, with his brother, Edward, traveled the

Victorian goldfields The Goldfields region of Victoria is a region commonly used but typically defined in both historical geography and tourism geography (in particular heritage tourism). The region is also known as the Victorian Golden Triangle. Description I ...

with a horse-drawn, portable studio. His images were said to be 'the sweetest Australian scenes' photographed. In the ''Kyneton Directory'' for 1866, Dufty was listed as a 'photographic artist’ of Piper Street,

Kyneton Kyneton ( ) is a town in the Macedon Ranges region of Victoria, Australia. The Calder Freeway bypasses Kyneton to the north and east. Kyneton is on Dja Dja Wurrung, Taungurung and Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung country. The town has four main streets: ...

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

, where he had a studio with John P. Carolin. In June 1866, in partnership with Carolin, he produced twenty-one views of Kyneton for the 1866 Melbourne Intercolonial Exhibition. The '' Kyneton Guardian'' considered a photograph of Dutton's property as 'one of the sweetest Australian scenes we have ever seen photographed’. ''Three views of Victorian scenery'', by Dufty and Carolin, was selected to be sent to the 1867 Paris Universal Exhibition. Around 1865, Dufty set up the No. 3 Branch Expedition Portrait Company in Victoria with his brother, Edward. F.H. Dufty, alone, was listed in the ''Melbourne Directory'' for 1869 at 108 Elizabeth Street,

, while Edward, presumably, remained in the country.

Fiji

At the age of 25, Dufty arrived in Levuka from Victoria in the '' SS Egmont'' in June 1871. He set up a new studio next door to the ''

Fiji Times ''The Fiji Times'' is a daily English-language newspaper published in Suva, Fiji. Established in Levuka on 4 September 1869 by George Littleton Griffiths, it is Fiji's oldest newspaper still operating. ''The Fiji Times'' is owned by Motibhai G ...

'' newspaper office on 24 May 1871. He also had a jewellery business on the same premises. His brother, Aflred, who was 16 at the time, arrived to join him from Sydney on 29 December 1871. Alfred was out of Fiji, in Australia or New Caledonia, for extended periods of time. Most of the photographs of Fiji are attributed to Francis Dufty. The Dufty studio produced studio portraits, street scenes, landscape photographs, and a large body of "cartes de visite", which had been popularised in Europe in the mid-19th Century. They photographed missionaries,

European European, or Europeans, or Europeneans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe ...

settlers, the Fijian hierarchy and commoners, and other people from the Pacific. Portraits were often staged, a process which facilitated the creation of Fijian

stereotypes In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example ...

. A dealer in Fijian handicrafts, Dufty acquired a range of props which were used repeatedly. In 1880, Dufty's landscape photograph of Fiji was exhibited at the

Melbourne International Exhibition The Melbourne International Exhibition is the eighth World's fair officially recognised by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) and the first official World's Fair in the Southern Hemisphere. Preparations After being granted self-go ...

. Alfred transferred to Suva, Fiji in 1884 or 1885 and opened a studio there. Dufty remained in Levuka until 1886 when he moved to Suva to join Alfred. In June 1887 Alfred and his family left to return to Australia. Dufty did not remain in Suva long after, and left for Melbourne in April 1892.

Politics – Fiji

Francis was very active in local affairs. He was a prominent member of the British Subjects' Mutual Protection Society, in opposition to Cakobau's Government, and a staunch advocate of annexation to Great Britain. He was a

charter member A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the rec ...

of the first

Masonic lodge A Masonic lodge, often termed a private lodge or constituent lodge, is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry. It is also commonly used as a term for a building in which such a unit meets. Every new lodge must be warranted or chartered ...

. For three years he was president of the Levuka Mechanics’ Institute and held various other offices.

External links

The Fiji Photographs of F.H. & A.W.B. Dufty
Aug 2008, Roderick Ewins

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duffy, Francis Herbert Australian photographers 1846 births 1910 deaths Colony of Fiji people 1870s in Fiji 1880s in Fiji 1890s in Fiji Australian expatriates in Fiji British expatriates in Fiji English emigrants to colonial Australia Artists from Melbourne People from Kennington People from Levuka Australian Freemasons Fijian Freemasons English Freemasons 19th century in Melbourne