Francis Haywood (; 1796–1858) was a

Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...

merchant and translator, the first person to translate

Kant Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aest ...

's '' Critique of Pure Reason'' into English.

Life

Born in Liverpool, Haywood lived there for most of his life. In 1828 (describing himself as a 'layman of the Church of England', though he was in fact active in Liverpool Unitarian circles) he translated a reply by the theological rationalist Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider to Hugh James Rose's essay on the state of Protestantism in Germany. In an 1829 ''Foreign Review'' article Haywood called for an English translation of Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''. Arthur Schopenhauer wrote to him on the matter, but was offended when Haywood suggested they should collaborate on a translation.P. R. Harris
‘Haywood, Francis (1793/4–1858)’
''

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') was published on 23 September ...

'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2011 Haywood's translation of the first ''Critique'' appeared anonymously in 1838. Haywood died on 29 May 1858 at

Feckenham Feckenham is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Redditch in Worcestershire, England. It lies some south-west of the town of Redditch and some east of the city of Worcester. It had a population of 670 in the 2001 census and its immed ...

Worcestershire Worcestershire ( , ; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a county in the West Midlands of England. The area that is now Worcestershire was absorbed into the unified Kingdom of England in 927, at which time it was constituted as a county (see H ...

, and was buried in the churchyard of St John the Baptist in Feckenham. Haywood's daughter Lucy Franklin published an anonymous memoir of her father in the ''

Cornhill Magazine ''The Cornhill Magazine'' (1860–1975) was a monthly Victorian magazine and literary journal named after the street address of the founding publisher Smith, Elder & Co. at 65 Cornhill in London.Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, ''Dictiona ...

''. There are some papers relating to him at Duke University library.Papers, 1848-1899 (manuscript).
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Works

* (tr.) ''Reply to the Rev. Hugh J. Rose's work on the State of Protestantism in Germany'' by Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider. G. B. Whittaker: London, 1828 * (tr.) ''Critick of pure reason'' by

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...

, W. Pickering: London
1838
Revised translation
1848
* ''An analysis of Kant's Critick of pure reason'', W. Pickering: London, 1844. * (tr.) ''Researches into the History of the Roman Constitution, with an appendix upon the Roman Knights'' by William Ihne. London, 1853.

References

External links

* 1796 births 1858 deaths German–English translators Businesspeople from Liverpool English Unitarians Writers from Liverpool English translators 19th-century British translators Translators of Immanuel Kant 19th-century English businesspeople {{England-bio-stub