François Genoud
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François Genoud (26 October 1915 – 30 May 1996) was a noted
Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina *Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses *Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internation ...
financier and a principal benefactor of the Nazi
diaspora A diaspora ( ) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin. Historically, the word was used first in reference to the dispersion of Greeks in the Hellenic world, and later Jews after ...
through the
ODESSA Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
network and supporter of Middle Eastern militant groups during the post- World War II 20th century. In 1992, Genoud told a London newspaper "My views have not changed since I was a young man. Hitler was a great leader, and if he had won the war the world would be a better place today."


Early life

Genoud was from Lausanne, Switzerland. He met Adolf Hitler in 1932 as a teenager in a hotel while studying in Bonn.Wyden, Peter (2001
''The Hitler Virus: The Insidious Legacy of Adolf Hitler''
Arcade Publishing. pp.111-12. ,
He joined the pro-Nazi National Front in 1934, and two years later he travelled to
Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
where he met the
Grand Mufti of Jerusalem The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem is the Sunni Muslim cleric in charge of Jerusalem's Islamic holy places, including the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The position was created by the British military government led by Ronald Storrs in 1918.See Islamic Leadership i ...
, Amin el-Husseini. Working for both Swiss and German intelligence agencies, Genoud travelled extensively in the Middle East.


World War II

Genoud travelled to Berlin frequently during the war "to see his friend the grand mufti," and visited him afterward many times in Beirut. The grand mufti allegedly "entrusted Genoud with the management of his enormous financial affairs". In 1940, together with a Lebanese national, he set up the Oasis nightclub in Lausanne to serve as a covert operation for the ''
Abwehr The ''Abwehr'' (German for ''resistance'' or ''defence'', but the word usually means ''counterintelligence'' in a military context; ) was the German military-intelligence service for the ''Reichswehr'' and the ''Wehrmacht'' from 1920 to 1944. A ...
''. In 1941, ''Abwehr'' agent
Paul Dickopf Paul (Paulinus) Dickopf (June 9, 1910 – September 19, 1973) was a member of the NSDAP and SS in the Security Service (SD) and a secret agent in Switzerland, who became a member of the German Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA). Between 1965 and ...
sent Genoud into Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Belgium. Genoud befriended several top Nazis, including
Karl Wolff Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff (13 May 1900 – 17 July 1984) was a German SS functionary who served as Chief of Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS (Heinrich Himmler) and an SS liaison to Adolf Hitler during World War II. He ended the war as the Supre ...
, "supreme SS and police leader" in Italy. At the end of the war, Genoud represented the
Swiss Red Cross The Swiss Red Cross (German: ', French: ', Italian: ', Romansh: '), or SRC, is the national Red Cross society for Switzerland. The SRC was founded in 1866 in Bern, Switzerland. In accordance with the Geneva Red Cross Agreement and its r ...
in Brussels.


Post-war

Genoud is notable for having been the executor of last will and testament of Nazi propagandist
Joseph Goebbels Paul Joseph Goebbels (; 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician who was the ''Gauleiter'' (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 19 ...
, and for reportedly making a fortune from publishing
Goebbels' diaries The Goebbels Diaries are a collection of writings by Joseph Goebbels, a leading member of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) and the Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda in Adolf Hitler's government from 1933 to ...
which he held the posthumous rights for along with Hitler and Bormann's works. This enterprise suffered a setback in 1960 when Paula Hitler died without his securing the full rights to the literary works of Adolf Hitler. Nazi hunters such as Serge Klarsfeld and
Simon Wiesenthal Simon Wiesenthal (31 December 190820 September 2005) was a history of the Jews in Austria, Jewish Austrian Holocaust survivor, Nazi hunter, and writer. He studied architecture and was living in Lwów at the outbreak of World War II. He surviv ...
, journalist David Lee Preston, and others have asserted that his role as a benefactor for surviving National Socialist interests goes much deeper, offering evidence that Genoud was no less than the principal financial manager of the hidden Swiss assets of the Third Reich after World War II.


Arab liberation

Genoud became a passionate supporter of Arab liberation causes, funding many nationalist and right-wing organisations.Lee, Martin A. and Coogan, Kevin (May 1987
"Killers on the Right: Inside Europe's Fascist Underground"
'' Mother Jones''. pp.45-52. Accessed March 1, 2011.


Algerian Liberation Front

While in Egypt in the 1950s, through contacts in
Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein, . (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced far-re ...
's government, he was introduced to the leaders of the Algerian Liberation Front, which he would eventually finance by 1954 after originally supplying weapons. In 1958 he founded the Arab Commercial Bank in Geneva, which would be active in lending to
Arab nationalist Arab nationalism ( ar, القومية العربية, al-Qawmīya al-ʿArabīya) is a nationalist ideology that asserts the Arabs are a nation and promotes the unity of Arab people, celebrating the glories of Arab civilization, the language an ...
groups and as the chief repository for the Algerian National Liberation Front.


Palestine

In the 1960s Genoud began supplying arms for Palestinian causes. The Lausanne-based
New European Order The New European Order (NEO) was a neo-fascist, Europe-wide alliance set up in 1951 to promote pan-European nationalism. The NEO, led by René Binet and Gaston-Armand Amaudruz, was a more radical splinter group that broke away from the European S ...
organisation, met in Barcelona in April 1969 where Palestinian groups received financial support and Genoud placed them in contact with former Nazis who would assist their military training, including pledged support designated for the Palestine Liberation Organisation. He was a close associate of Dr.
George Habash George Habash ( ar, جورج حبش, Jūrj Ḥabash), also known by his laqab "al-Hakim" ( ar, الحكيم, al-Ḥakīm, "the wise one" or "the doctor"; 2 August 1926 – 26 January 2008) was a Palestinian Christian politician who founded the ...
and Jacques Vergès, and in September 1969 he contributed finances for the legal expenses of three Palestinians from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine following their attack on an El Al flight in Zurich, where he personally sat at their defense table.


Notable aid recipients and associations

Genoud was a close friend of Otto Skorzeny,
Karl Wolff Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff (13 May 1900 – 17 July 1984) was a German SS functionary who served as Chief of Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS (Heinrich Himmler) and an SS liaison to Adolf Hitler during World War II. He ended the war as the Supre ...
, and Klaus Barbie during the years of the Third Reich. Genoud financed several legal defences, including
Adolf Eichmann Otto Adolf Eichmann ( ,"Eichmann"
''
Klaus Barbie. He financed the defense of
Bruno Bréguet Bruno Bréguet (born 29 May 1950 in Muralto, Ticino, Switzerland) was the first European arrested and condemned for pro-Palestinian militant activities.Entry for Bréguet in the "Biographies of film's participants", Terror's Advocate, a film by B ...
during the 1970s after a bombing mission in Israel in 1970. The PFLP called for the release of both Bréguet and
Leila Khalid Leila Khaled ( ar, ليلى خالد, born April 9, 1944) is a Palestinian refugee, terrorist, and member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). Khaled came to public attention for her role in the TWA Flight 840 hijacking ...
, part of the Che Guevara Commando Unit of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, together in 1970. Genoud helped
Ilich Ramírez Sánchez Ilich Ramírez Sánchez (; born 12 October 1949), also known as Carlos the Jackal ( es, link=no, Carlos el Chacal) or simply Carlos, is a Venezuelan convicted of terrorist crimes, and currently serving a life sentence in France for the 1975 murder ...
in 1994, after playing a key role in the success of his missions in the previous decades.Jennings, Kate (February 2011
"Paths of Glory"
'' The Monthly'' Accessed March 22, 2011
He was closely associated with Ali Hassan Salameh, providing him medical care, and he also bankrolled
Ayatollah Khomeini Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of ...
's exile in France when Iran was governed by Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. He was a mentor of
Ahmed Huber Ahmed Huber (1927 – 15 May 2008) was a Swiss-German journalist and convert to Islam, who was active in both Islamist and far-right politics, including with Neo-Nazism. He gained international notoriety in 2001, when he was accused by the United ...
.Atkins, Stephen E. (2004
''Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups''
Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.104-05, 135. ,
Throughout the 1970s Genoud financed many left-wing groups with the goal of armed Arab liberation. It is alleged that he delivered the ransom demand after the Lufthansa Flight 649
hijacking Hijacking may refer to: Common usage Computing and technology * Bluejacking, the unsolicited transmission of data via Bluetooth * Brandjacking, the unauthorized use of a company's brand * Browser hijacking * Clickjacking (including ''like ...
in 1972. Along with Noam Chomsky,
Simone de Beauvoir Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (, ; ; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French existentialist philosopher, writer, social theorist, and feminist activist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, and even th ...
, Jean-Paul Sartre, and other intellectuals, Genoud was a member of a committee which mounted a humanitarian campaign in the 1970s, which resulted in the pardon in 1977 of
Bruno Bréguet Bruno Bréguet (born 29 May 1950 in Muralto, Ticino, Switzerland) was the first European arrested and condemned for pro-Palestinian militant activities.Entry for Bréguet in the "Biographies of film's participants", Terror's Advocate, a film by B ...
, a Swiss militant who was the first European to be tried and sentenced in Israel for their pro-Palestinian activities; Bréguet had served seven years of his 15-year sentence.


Legal troubles

Genoud found himself in legal troubles from time to time, such as in 1983, when he was represented by
Baudoin Dunant Baudoin is a surname related to Baldwin. Notable people with the name include: * Edmond Baudoin (born 1942), French artist, illustrator, and writer of sequential art and graphic novels * Gervais Baudoin (1686–1752), Canadian surgeon * Giuseppe B ...
, a leading Geneva-based lawyer who sits on the board of over 20 companies, including the
Saudi Investment Company The Saudi Investment Company (SICO), headquartered Geneva, Switzerland, and founded on May 19, 1980, represents the worldwide interests of the Saudi Binladin Group. Overview The Geneva-based SICO is the parent house for the group's internat ...
, the overseas arm of the Saudi Binladin Group. In 1993 a bomb exploded outside his home and by 1996 Swiss authorities were still investigating him for his financial activities during the Third Reich.


Death

Genoud committed suicide, with, according to his family, the help of a Swiss pro-
euthanasia Euthanasia (from el, εὐθανασία 'good death': εὖ, ''eu'' 'well, good' + θάνατος, ''thanatos'' 'death') is the practice of intentionally ending life to eliminate pain and suffering. Different countries have different eut ...
group Exit, at age 80 on 30 May 1996.


In popular culture

In the miniseries ''Carlos'', Genoud is mentioned by Ilich Ramírez Sánchez's character portrayed by Édgar Ramírez. The production has been criticized for downplaying the historical role of Genoud with Sánchez.


See also

*
Ahmed Huber Ahmed Huber (1927 – 15 May 2008) was a Swiss-German journalist and convert to Islam, who was active in both Islamist and far-right politics, including with Neo-Nazism. He gained international notoriety in 2001, when he was accused by the United ...
* Youssef Nada


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Genoud, Francois 1915 births 1996 deaths Swiss Holocaust deniers Swiss collaborators with Nazi Germany Swiss Nazis Gestapo personnel Abwehr 1996 suicides Fascism in the Arab world