François Chaussier (2 July 1746 – 19 June 1828) was a French

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...

who was a native of

Dijon Dijon (, , ) (dated) * it, Digione * la, Diviō or * lmo, Digion is the prefecture of the Côte-d'Or department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in northeastern France. the commune had a population of 156,920. The earlies ...

. His name is associated with the ''Prix Chaussier'' (Chaussier Prize).
Full text of "Les fondations de l'Académie des Sciences He studied medicine in

Besançon Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzer ...

, later returning to Dijon, where he worked as a hospital physician. During this time he performed pioneer research in the field of forensic medicine. In 1780 he became a professor of

anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...

. In 1794 he was summoned to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

by Antoine-François Fourcroy (1755–1809), being given the responsibility of drafting a report on the establishment of learning institutions of health. This report was presented to the

National Convention The National Convention (french: link=no, Convention nationale) was the parliament of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for the rest of its existence during the French Revolution, following the two-year Nationa ...

on 27 November 1794. Afterwards, Chaussier remained in Paris where he became a professor at the

École Polytechnique École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

, and a chief

obstetrician Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgic ...

at the Paris Maternité, where he was a colleague of Jean-Louis Baudelocque (1745–1810). In 1822 Chaussier was elected as a member of the

Académie des sciences The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at th ...

. Chaussier is credited for introducing a procedure for revival of "near-dead" newborns. He also performed a descriptive survey of all

muscles Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of musc ...

in the human body, and developed a new system of designation for muscles. He also conducted early investigations of

neuralgia Neuralgia (Greek ''neuron'', "nerve" + ''algos'', "pain") is pain in the distribution of one or more nerves, as in intercostal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Classification Under the general heading of neural ...

Associated eponyms

* "Chaussier's areola": A ring of

indurated Friability ( ), the condition of being friable, describes the tendency of a solid substance to break into smaller pieces under duress or contact, especially by rubbing. The opposite of friable is indurate. Substances that are designated hazardous, ...

tissue surrounding the lesion of

cutaneous Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different d ...

anthrax. * "Chaussier's line": Anteroposterior

raphe Raphe (; from Greek ῥαφή, "seam"Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.) has several diffe ...

of the

corpus callosum The corpus callosum (Latin for "tough body"), also callosal commissure, is a wide, thick nerve tract, consisting of a flat bundle of commissural fibers, beneath the cerebral cortex in the brain. The corpus callosum is only found in placental m ...

. * "Chaussier's sign": Severe pain in the

epigastric region In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen. It is located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane. Pain may be referred to the epigastrium from damage to structures derived from the fo ...

, a premonitory symptom of

eclampsia Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is one of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that presents with three main features: new onset of high blood pressure, large amounts of protein in ...

Selected publications

* ''Tables synoptiques d'anatomie'' (Synoptic tables of Anatomy); (1799-1816) * ''Manuel médico-légal des poisons'' (Handbook of poisons in forensic medicine); (1824) * ''Recueil de mémoires, consultations, et rapports sur divers objets de médecine légale'' (Collection of memoirs, consultations, and reports on various objects of forensic medicine); (1824) * ''Mémoire médico-légal sur la viabilité de l'enfant naissant'' (Memoir of forensic medicine on the viability of childbirth); (1826)

References

* ''This article incorporates translated text from an equivalent article at the

French Wikipedia The French Wikipedia (french: Wikipédia en français) is the French-language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. This edition was started on 23 March 2001, two months after the official creation of Wikipedia. It has articl ...

''. * *
Online Medical Dictionary, Definition of Eponyms
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaussier, Francois French anatomists French obstetricians 1746 births 1828 deaths Physicians from Dijon Academic staff of École Polytechnique Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery