Fortnite

''Fortnite'' is an online video game developed by Epic Games and released in 2017. It is available in three distinct game mode versions that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine: ''Fortnite Battle Royale'', a free-to-play battle royale game in which up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing; '' Fortnite: Save the World'', a cooperative hybrid tower defense-shooter and survival game in which up to four players fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with traps and fortifications they can build; and '' Fortnite Creative'', in which players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas.

''Save the World'' and ''Battle Royale'' were released in 2017 as early access titles, while ''Creative'' was released on December 6, 2018.
While the ''Save the World'' and ''Creative'' versions have been successful for Epic Games, ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' in particular became an overwhelming success and a cultural phenomenon, drawing more than 125 million players in less than a year, earning hundreds of millions of dollars per month. ''Fortnite'' as a whole generated in gross revenue up until December 2019.

''Save the World'' is available only for Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, while ''Battle Royale'' and ''Creative'' were released for all those platforms, and also for Nintendo Switch, iOS, and Android devices. The game also launched with the release of the ninth-generation PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S consoles.

Game modes

''Fortnite'' is distributed as three different game modes, using the same engine; each has similar graphics, art assets, and game mechanics.

* '' Fortnite: Save the World'' is a player-versus-environment cooperative game, with four players collaborating towards a common objective on various missions. The game is set after a fluke storm appears across Earth, causing 98% of the population to disappear, and the survivors to be attacked by zombie-like "husks". The players take the role of commanders of home base shelters, collecting resources, saving survivors, and defending equipment that helps to either collect data on the storm or to push back the storm. From missions, players are awarded a number of in-game items, which include hero characters, weapon and trap schematics, and survivors, all of which can be leveled up through gained experience to improve their attributes.
* ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' is a player-versus-player game for up to 100 players, allowing one to play alone, in a duo, or in a squad (usually consisting of three or four players). Weaponless players airdrop from a "Battle Bus" that crosses the game's map. When they land, they must scavenge for weapons, items, resources, and even vehicles while trying to stay alive and to attack and eliminate other players. Over the course of a round, the safe area of the map shrinks down in size due to an incoming toxic storm; players outside that threshold take damage and can be eliminated if they fail to quickly evacuate. This forces remaining players into tighter spaces and encourages player encounters. The last player, duo, or squad remaining is the winner.
* '' Fortnite Creative'' is a sandbox game mode, in which players are given complete freedom to spawn any item from the Battle Royale gamemode on a personal island, and can create games such as battle arenas, race courses, platforming challenges, and more.

Players can use their pickaxe to knock down existing structures on the map to collect basic resources that are wood, brick, and metal. Subsequently, in all modes, the player can use these materials to build fortifications, such as walls, floors, and stairs. Such fortification pieces can be edited to add things like windows or doors. The materials used have different durability properties and can be updated to stronger variants using more materials of the same type. Within ''Save the World'' this enables players to create defensive fortifications around an objective or trap-filled tunnels to lure husks through. In ''Battle Royale'', this provides the means to quickly traverse the map, protect oneself from enemy fire, or to delay an advancing foe. Players are encouraged to be very inventive in designing their fortifications in ''Creative''.

While ''Battle Royale'' and ''Creative'' are free-to-play, ''Save the World'' is pay-to-play. The games are monetized through the use of V-Bucks, in-game currency that can be purchased with real-world funds, but also earned through completing missions and other achievements in ''Save the World''. V-Bucks in ''Save the World'' can be used to buy loot boxes, in the form of piñatas shaped like llamas, to gain a random selection of items. In ''Battle Royale'', V-Bucks can be used to buy cosmetic items like character models or the like, or can also be used to purchase the game's battle pass, a tiered progression of customization rewards for gaining experience and completing certain objectives during the course of a ''Battle Royale'' season.

Development

''Fortnite: Save the World''

''Fortnite'' began from an internal game jam at Epic Games following the publishing of ''Gears of War 3'' around 2011. Though it was not initially one of the developed titles during the jam, the concept of merging the construction game genre, representing games like ''Minecraft'' and '' Terraria'', and shooter games arose, leading to the foundation of ''Fortnite''. Development of ''Fortnite'' slowed due to several issues, including switching from the Unreal Engine 3 to Unreal Engine 4, a deeper role-playing game approach to extend the life of the game, and a switch of art style from a dark theme to a more cartoonish style. Further, Epic was looking to get into the games as a service model, and brought in Chinese publisher Tencent to help; Tencent took a large stake in Epic as part of this, leading to the departure of several executives, including Cliff Bleszinski, who had been a key part of ''Fortnite''s development. ''Fortnite''s approach was changed to be Epic's testbed for games as a service, and further slowed the development.

Epic was able to prepare to release ''Fortnite'' as a paid early access title in July 2017, with plans to release it as free-to-play sometime in 2019 while gaining feedback from players to improve the game. With the release of ''Fortnite Battle Royale'', the player-versus-environment mode was distinguished as "Save the World". Ultimately, Epic opted to release ''Save the World'' as a premium title, bringing it out of early access on June 29, 2020.

''Fortnite Battle Royale''

Near the same time that Epic released ''Fortnite'' into early access, ''PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds'' had become a worldwide phenomenon, having sold over 5 million copies three months from its March 2017 release, and drawing strong interest in the battle royale genre. Epic recognized that with the ''Fortnite'' base game, they could also do a battle royale mode, and rapidly developed their own version atop ''Fortnite'' in about two months. By September 2017, Epic was ready to release this as a second mode from "Save the World" in the paid-for earlier access, but then later decided to release it as a free game, ''Fortnite Battle Royale'', supported with microtransactions. This version quickly gained players, with over 10 million players during its first two weeks of release, and leading Epic to create separate teams to continue the ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' development apart from the ''Save the World'' version, outside of common engine elements and art assets. This allowed ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' to expand to other platforms otherwise not supported by ''Save the World'', including iOS and Android mobile devices and the Nintendo Switch.

''Fortnite Creative''

A creative sandbox mode launched on December 6, 2018, synchronized with the start of season 7 of ''Fortnite Battle Royale''. Each player has access to a private, persistent island on which they construct buildings and add and manipulate objects as desired. Players are able to invite friends to this island and participate in unofficial games such as race tracks or jumping courses. Only players who purchased the battle pass initially received their own island, but a week later, on December 13, players who did not purchase it received access to the game mode for free.

Reception

The ''Save the World'' mode achieved over one million players by August 2017, just prior to the release of ''Battle Royale''.

''Fortnite Battle Royale'' became a significant financial success for Epic Games, leading them to separate the teams between ''Save the World'' and ''Battle Royale'' to provide better support for both modes. Within two weeks of release, over 10 million players had played the mode, and by June 2018, just after the Nintendo Switch release, had reached 125 million players. Revenue from ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' during the first half of 2018 had been estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars per month, with total 2018 revenue estimated at by analysis firm SuperData Research. Total revenue for ''Fortnite'' reached more than by the end of 2019.

''Fortnite Battle Royale'' has also become a cultural phenomenon, with several celebrities reporting they play the game, and athletes using ''Fortnite'' emotes as victory celebrations. A notable streaming event in March 2018, with streamer Ninja playing ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' alongside Drake, Travis Scott, Kim DotCom, and Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver JuJu Smith-Schuster, broke viewership records for Twitch to date, and led to Epic arranging a ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' pro–am with 50 pairs of streamers and professional players matched with celebrities at E3 2018 in June 2018. Epic Games has developed organized esports competitions around ''Fortnite Battle Royale'', such as the inaugural Fortnite World Cup tournament that took place in July 2019.

There has also been growing concern over ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' draw toward young children, emphasized with the release of the mobile client. Parents and teachers had expressed concern that students are being distracted and drawn away from school work due to playing ''Fortnite''. Concerns have also been raised about the impact that playing a game involving repeated depictions of gun violence may have on young children.

Awards

In 2017, the game was nominated for "Best Co-op Game" by ''PC Gamer'', and for "Best Spectator Game" by IGN. In 2018, the game won the award for Best Ongoing Game by ''PC Gamer'' and IGN, the latter of which nominated it for "Best Nintendo Switch Game", "Best Mobile Game", and "Best Action Game".

Notes

References

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