The original Ford Cologne V6 is a series of 60°

cast iron Cast iron is a class of iron– carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impuri ...

block V6

engines An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power g ...

produced continuously by the

Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobi ...

Cologne Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...

, Germany, since 1965. Along with the British Ford Essex V6 engine and the U.S.

Buick V6 The Buick V6, popularly referred to as the 3800 in its later incarnations, originally and initially marketed as ''Fireball'' at its introduction in 1962, was a large V6 engine used by General Motors. The block is made of cast iron and all use tw ...

and GMC Truck V6, these were among the first mass-produced V6 engines in the world. During its production run, the Cologne V6 has evolved through

engine displacement Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as a loose indicator of the ...

s of 1.8, 2.0, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 2.9, and 4.0

litre The litre (international spelling) or liter (American English spelling) (SI symbols L and l, other symbol used: ℓ) is a metric unit of volume. It is equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 0.001 cubic metre (m3 ...

s. All except the Cosworth 24v derivative and later 4.0 litre SOHC engines were

pushrod A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...

overhead-valve An overhead valve (OHV) engine, sometimes called a ''pushrod engine'', is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier flathead engines, where the valves were located bel ...

engines, with a single

camshaft A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams, in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems ...

between the banks. Originally, the Cologne V6 was installed in vehicles intended for Germany and Continental Europe, while the unrelated British Essex V6 was used in cars for the British market. Later, the Cologne V6 largely replaced the Essex V6 for British-market vehicles. These engines were also used in the United States, especially in compact trucks. The Cologne V6 was designed to be compatible in installation with the

Ford Taunus V4 engine The Ford Taunus V4 engine is a 60° V4 piston engine with one balance shaft, introduced by Ford Motor Company in Germany in 1962. The German V4 was built in the Cologne plant and powered the Ford Taunus and German versions of the Consul, Capri, an ...

, having the same

transmission Transmission may refer to: Medicine, science and technology * Power transmission ** Electric power transmission ** Propulsion transmission, technology allowing controlled application of power *** Automatic transmission *** Manual transmission ** ...

bolt pattern, the same engine mounts, and in many versions, a

cylinder head In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often abbreviated to simply "head") sits above the cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines, the head is a simple sheet of metal; whereas in more modern o ...

featuring "siamesed" exhaust passages, which reduced the three exhaust outlets down to two on each side. The latter feature was great for compatibility, but poor for performance. The 2.4, 2.8 (in U.S.), 2.9, and 4.0 had three exhaust ports, making them preferable. The engine was available in both carburetted and

fuel-injected Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All comp ...

forms.

1.8

The smallest version of the V6 was the with a bore and stroke. Its output was and . Its only application was the Ford 17M P7 from 1968 to 1971.

2.0

The original displacement of the V6 was with a bore and stroke. Output was and or and . Applications: * 1964–1967 Ford Taunus 20M (P5) * 1967–1968 Ford 20M (P7.1) * 1968–1971 Ford 20M (P7.2) * 1969–1981

Ford Capri The Ford Capri is a fastback coupé built by Ford of Europe, designed by Philip T. Clark, who was also involved in the design of the Ford Mustang. It used the mechanical components from the Mk2 Ford Cortina and was intended as the Europe ...

I – III ( Not available on UK models) * 1970–1976 Ford Taunus TC * 1976–1979 Ford Taunus II * 1979–1982 Ford Taunus III * 1975–1977 Ford Granada I (Not available on UK models) * 1977–1985 Ford Granada II (Not available on UK models) * 1982

Ford Sierra The Ford Sierra is a mid-size car or large family car manufactured and marketed by Ford Europe from 1982-1993, designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément — and noted for its aerodynamic styling producing a drag coeff ...

(Not available in UK models)

2.3

The first enlargement of the V6 appeared in 1967. It was the with a bore and stroke. Output was (black/grey valve cover) and or and in SuperHighCompression * 1967–1968 Ford 20M P7 * 1969–1971 Ford 17M RS * 1968–1971 Ford 20M P7b * 1969–1974 Ford Capri I * 1974–1978 Ford Capri II * 1978–1985 Ford Capri III * 1971–1976 Ford Taunus TC * 1976–1979 Ford Taunus II * 1979–1982 Ford Taunus III * 1977–1979 Ford Cortina IV * 1979–1982 Ford Cortina V * 1972–1977 Ford Granada I * 1977–1985 Ford Granada II * 1982–1984 Ford Sierra I * 1968 Siva Sirio * 1968 LMX 2300 HCS GT

2.4

The was used only in Europe. Like the 2.9 L version, the camshaft is chain-driven, it has fuel injection system (EFI) and Ford's EEC-IV engine management. Bore and stroke is . Power output is at 5800 rpm and torque at 3500 rpm. Applications: * Ford Granada III *

Ford Scorpio The Ford Scorpio is an executive car that was produced by Ford Europe from 1985 to 1998. It was the replacement for the European Ford Granada line (although in the UK and Ireland the Scorpio was marketed under the Granada name until 1994). L ...

2.6

The largest first-generation V6 was the introduced in 1969. It had a bore and stroke. Output was and . Applications: * 1969–1971 Ford 20M RS * 1969–1971 Ford 26M * 1970–1974

(Not available on UK models) * 1972–1977 Ford Granada (Not available on UK models)

2.6 RS

A special high-performance version had with a bore and stroke. With fuel injection, it produced and . It was the only first-generation engine with fuel injection. Its only application was the Ford Capri RS 2600 where it was used from 1970 to 1973 when it was replaced with the RS 3100.

Weslake Weslake & Co also known as Weslake Research and Development was founded by Harry Weslake, described as England's greatest expert on cylinder head design, with premises in Rye, East Sussex, England. Weslake is most famous for its work with Bentley, ...

developed a racing version of the engine, bored to to give of displacement and producing in excess of . * Ford Capri 2600 RS from 1970 to 1973

2.8

The second-generation Cologne V6 was introduced in 1974. It displaced with a bore and stroke of , and used a geared camshaft design. While based on the 2.6, the larger bore necessitated a different block. The European version used a "siamesed" two-port

exhaust manifold In automotive engineering, an exhaust manifold collects the exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into one pipe. The word '' manifold'' comes from the Old English word ''manigfeald'' (from the Anglo-Saxon ''manig'' anyand ''feald'' old and ref ...

, similar to the one used on the V4, while the American version used three-port heads. The European approach was useful in that existing cars with the V4 engine could be upgraded with relative ease. Output was rated at for the US market and for the European market, depending on the model. In Europe, the 2.8 was produced with carburetor ,

mechanical fuel injection Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All comp ...

( Bosch K-Jetronic, , and electronic injection (Ford EEC-IV, ). Electronic injection only featured on the 2.8 Granada models for one year before being replaced with the 2.9 unit. Tuning options are very limited with the Bosch K-Jetronic models. The siamesed inlet and exhaust ports of the 2.8 only respond well to forced induction or an overbore; normal tuning will yield only minor power results. The MFI 2.8 Cologne (Capri/Sierra 2.8i) uses a very restricted induction setup, and no open air kit is available due to this. Ford offered a limited run of approximately 150 "Capri turbos" with turbocharged 2.8 engines. These engines displayed RS badging and used a productionized version of an existing aftermarket kit offered by a Ford dealer in Germany. TVR Tasmin/280i used the Cologne 2.8 with Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection, as did the early TVR 'S' series in 2.8 and revised 2.9 efi injection form. Applications: * TVR 280i/Tasmin * TVR S1 *

Ford Ranger Ford Ranger is a nameplate that has been used on multiple model lines of pickup trucks sold by Ford worldwide. The nameplate has been used for distinct model lines of vehicles worldwide since 1982 from the compact and mid-size pickup category. ...

Ford Bronco II The Ford Bronco II is a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV) that was manufactured by the American manufacturer Ford. Closely matching the first-generation Ford Bronco in size, the Bronco II was sold for the 1984 to 1990 model years, alon ...

Ford Aerostar The Ford Aerostar is a range of vans that was manufactured by Ford from the 1986 to the 1997 model years. The first minivan produced by Ford, the model line was marketed against the Chevrolet Astro/GMC Safari and the first two generations of the ...

Ford Pinto The Ford Pinto is a subcompact car that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company in North America from 1971 until 1980 model years. The Pinto was the first subcompact vehicle produced by Ford in North America. The Pinto was marketed ...

* Mercury Bobcat *

Mercury Capri Capri (later Mercury Capri) is a nameplate marketed by the Lincoln-Mercury division of Ford Motor Company on three distinct series of automobiles between 1970 and 1994. From 1970 to 1978, the Capri was a sport compact marketed in North America ...

* Ford Mustang II *

Ford Mustang The Ford Mustang is a series of American automobiles manufactured by Ford. In continuous production since 1964, the Mustang is currently the longest-produced Ford car nameplate. Currently in its sixth generation, it is the fifth-best selli ...

(Gen 3 1979) * Ford Granada *

III *

XR4x4 and XR4i *

Bandvagn 206 Bandvagn 206 (Bv 206) (meaning ''"Tracked Vehicle 206"'' in English) is a tracked articulated, all-terrain carrier developed by Hägglunds (now part of BAE Systems Platforms & Services) for the Swedish Army. It consists of two units, with all f ...

Reliant Scimitar The Reliant Scimitar name was used for a series of sports car models produced by British car manufacturer Reliant between 1964 and 1986. During its 22-year production it evolved from a coupe (GT) into a sports estate (GTE), with a convertible va ...

(1979 onwards) *

Panther Kallista The Panther Kallista replaced the Panther Lima as Panther's volume model for the 1980s. Unlike the Vauxhall-based Lima, the Kallista used Ford mechanicals, including a range of engines from 1.6 L straight-4 to 2.9 L '' Cologne'' ...

2.9

The 2.9 L shares the same basic design as the 2.8 L model, bar a few subtle differences. The camshaft is chain-driven rather than gear driven, so it rotates in the same direction as the crankshaft. The arrangement of the exhaust valves is different, eliminating the "hot-spot" that existed on the 2.8 L model. The cylinder heads also sport a more conventional three-port exhaust manifold. Output was rated at at 4600 rpm and at 2600 rpm for the light trucks (1986–92 Ranger and 1986–90 Bronco II) and at 4800 rpm for the Merkur Scorpio in the US market and for the European market. Bore and stroke was for a total displacement of . In Europe, this engine was commonly fitted with the Bosch L-Jetronic fuel-injection system, married to Ford's EEC-IV engine management. Because of this difference over the 2.8 L model, this version was a more popular candidate for aftermarket modification (typically turbocharging) from companies such as

Janspeed Janspeed Technologies Ltd is an automotive performance tuning company, specialising in exhaust systems. The company was founded in 1962 by János Ódor. With a workforce of 74 employees, Janspeed works closely with many luxury and performance car ...

and Turbo Technics. Applications: * TVR S2/S3(C)/S4C *

* Ford Sierra XR 4X4 * Ford Granada *

Ford Transit The Ford Transit is a family of light commercial vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company since 1965, primarily as a cargo van, but also available in other configurations including a large passenger van (marketed as the Ford Tourneo in ...

* Merkur Scorpio *

2.9 Cosworth

A special twin

DOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion cha ...

(QUAD CAM) version of the 2.9 was created by Cosworth Engineering in 1991. Although it shared the same block as the standard 2.9, power output was up to and torque was boosted to at 4500 rpm. This engine (code BOA) was used in the Ford Scorpio Cosworth 24V. This engine configuration was only paired with an improved A4LDe automatic gearbox with partial electronic shift control. No

manual gearbox A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission system, where gear change ...

was offered from the factory. The standard Ford-issued block was machined differently to improve strength. In place of the single-cam arrangement, an endless duplex hydraulically tensioned timing chain was used to drive the overhead cams. The chain measured . The casting and bearings for the standard underhead cam were repurposed for a shaft which drove the oil pump. Ignition was controlled by an

EDIS Edis, EDIS or Ediz may also refer to: * Edis (name) * Electronic Distributorless Ignition System ** Ford EDIS * Emergency Disaster Information Service, a global natural disaster tracking service in Hungary * Emergency Digital Information Servic ...

-6 system, which would become a standard feature. The engine was known for its substantial increase in power delivery above 4000 rpm relative to the unmodified version; in recent years, the engine has become a popular choice as a replacement engine for the Ford Sierra XR4x4 and XR4i. An improved version of this engine (code BOB) was available in the restyled 1995 Ford Scorpio. Differences included two simplex chains with two hydraulic tensioners and the addition of a variable-length intake system called VIS. Power output was increased to . This was mated to a fully electronically controlled A4LDE

automatic transmission An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated to auto or AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in internal combustion engine-based motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving ...

4.0

The

, with a bore and stroke version, although produced in Cologne, Germany, was only fitted to American vehicles. The OHV engine was produced until 2000 and was used in the

Ford Explorer The Ford Explorer is a range of SUVs manufactured by Ford Motor Company since the 1991 model year. The first four-door SUV produced by Ford, the Explorer was introduced as a replacement for the two-door Bronco II. Within the current Ford light ...

, Mazda B4000, and

. Output was and . Though some variation exists, typically is quoted as horsepower for 1990–92 applications. Applications: * Ford Ranger/

Mazda B-Series The Mazda B series is a series of pickup trucks that was manufactured by Mazda. Produced across five generations from 1961 to 2006, the model line began life primarily as a commercial vehicle, slotted above a kei truck in size. Through its ...

* Ford Explorer/

Mazda Navajo :''Sections of this article are translated from the Scottish pag The Mazda Navajo is a mid-size SUV manufactured by Ford Motor Company for the Japanese automaker Mazda, and is a rebadged version of the first generation Ford Explorer. It was Maz ...

* Cross Lander 244X *

(1990–1997)

SOHC

The

SOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion cha ...

version was introduced in 1997 in the Ford Explorer, alongside the original pushrod version. It features a

variable length intake manifold In internal combustion engines, a variable-length intake manifold (VLIM),variable intake manifold (VIM), or variable intake system (VIS) is an automobile internal combustion engine manifold technology. As the name implies, VLIM/VIM/VIS can vary ...

and produces and _f. (The variable length intake manifold was discontinued in 1998, replaced by a standard intake.) It uses a

jackshaft A jackshaft, also called a ''countershaft'', is a common mechanical design component used to transfer or synchronize rotational force in a machine. A jackshaft is often just a short stub with supporting bearings on the ends and two pulleys, gear ...

in place of a camshaft to drive a timing chain to each cylinder head. Three timing chains are used, one from the crank to the jackshaft, one in the front of the engine to drive the cam for the left bank, and one on the back of the engine to drive the cam for the right bank. In addition, the 4WD Ranger with the SOHC 4.0 had a 4th timing chain driving what Ford called a balance shaft. Ford has since phased out the engine in favor of the more powerful and efficient Duratec 37.Ford
Ford Power Products Catalogue.

Timing Chain Problems

The 4.0 SOHC engine was notorious for the OEM timing chain guides and tensioners breaking, resulting in timing chain rattle or "death rattle". This problem can occur as early as in some vehicles. When the engine is run for an extended period of time with this issue the engine can jump timing, damaging the heads and valves. Timing chain rattle was mitigated in later years of the SOHC (in most vehicles, after 2002) with updated cassettes and tensioners. This problem occurs with varying frequency among some Ford vehicles equipped with the SOHC engine including the

, and

. The 4.0 OHV was not affected by this issue.

Other Versions

A version of the engine is used in the

Land Rover LR3 Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of the planet Earth that is not submerged by the ocean or other bodies of water. It makes up 29% of Earth's surface and includes the continents and various is ...

and Ford Courier in Australia and Canada, producing and of torque at 3,000 rpm. The Land Rover version of the engine became unavailable in the United States for the 2008 model year. Applications: * 2001–2012

* 2001–2010 Mazda B4000 * 1997–2010

Mercury Mountaineer The Mercury Mountaineer is a mid-size luxury sport utility vehicle (SUV) that was sold by Mercury from 1996 until 2010. Sharing many of its features with the Ford Explorer, the vehicles were virtually identical in terms of hardware. Externally, ...

* 2004–2006 Ford Courier * 2005–2010

* 2005–2009

Land Rover Discovery Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of the planet Earth that is not submerged by the ocean or other bodies of water. It makes up 29% of Earth's surface and includes the continents and various isla ...

The Land Rover version of the cast iron engine block has different motor mount castings/machined surfaces for the motor mounts and the left mount engine knock sensor, plus the engine girdle (upper oil pan) has a threaded hole drilled and tapped for an engine oil temperature sensor.

Turbo and supercharging

A number of companies have produced

forced induction In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated. Operating principle Overvi ...

versions of the engine. Janspeed produced single and

twin-turbo Twin-turbo (not to be confused with a twincharger setup, which is a combination of a supercharger and a turbocharger) refers to an engine in which two turbochargers work in tandem to compress the intake fuel/air mixture (or intake air, in the case ...

2.8 and 2.9 engines. Sprintex produced 2.8 and 2.9 supercharged engines. Turbo Technics produced single and twin turbo 2.8 and 2.9 engines: * 2.8 single * 2.8 single * 2.8 single * 2.8 twin * 2.9 twin * 2.9 twin * 2.9 twin * 2.9 twin MINKER Explorer Express has also developed a series of

Eaton Eaton may refer to: Buildings Canada * Eaton Centre, the name of various shopping malls in Canada due to having been anchored by an Eaton's store * Eaton's / John Maryon Tower, a cancelled skyscraper in Toronto * Eaton Hall (King City), a conferen ...

Roots-type supercharger The Roots-type blower is a positive displacement lobe pump which operates by pumping a fluid with a pair of meshing lobes resembling a set of stretched gears. Fluid is trapped in pockets surrounding the lobes and carried from the intake s ...

systems producing from of boost for the 4.0 engine. As well, Moddbox produces a kit to adapt an Eaton M90 supercharger originally from a Thunderbird Super Coupe to the 4.0 SOHC engine. A limited number of 24V BOA/BOB's have forced induction also a racing version of BOA called, BOE (naturally aspirated): * 2.3 turbo was available in the 20M/Capri/Granada/OSI and produced * 2.6 Turbo was available in some cars with * 2.8 Turbo came later with An Eichberg 2.8i turbo was also available.

Capacity increases

In 1991 increased capacities for the 2.8 and 2.9 engines (3.5 and 3.7 litres, respectively), were first developed and introduced by D.P. Davies and sold by his company, VeeTech Engineering now RND Engineering in the UK. Two companies still produce large capacity conversions on the 2.8 & 2.9: Power Engineering and Specialised Engines.

References

* Anderson, Doug.
Rebuilding The Ford 4.0L Pushrod V6
'', Engine Builder, April 2001. {{Ford v8 engines

Goods manufactured in Germany V6 engines Gasoline engines by model