Firs Sergeyevich Zhuravlev (russian: Фирс Сергеевич Журавлёв; 22 December 1836, — 17 September 1901, ) was a Russian

genre Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other for ...

painter.

Biography

He attended the

Imperial Academy of Arts The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the T ...

, where he studied history painting under Timofey Neff and

Fyodor Bruni Fyodor (Fidelio) Antonovich Bruni (Russian: Фёдор Антонович Бруни; 10 June 1799, in Milan – 30 August 1875, in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian artist of Italian descent who worked in the Academic style. Biography His ...

.RusArtNet: Brief biography
/ref> In 1863, he became part of the " Revolt of the Fourteen", a group of students who supported

Realism Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to: In the arts *Realism (arts), the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts Arts movements related to realism include: *Classical Realism *Literary realism, a move ...

and were protesting the Academy's insistence on promoting the Classical style. He joined the others in withdrawing from the school and accepting a designation as "Artist Second-Degree". Soon after, together with

Ivan Kramskoi Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoi (russian: Ива́н Никола́евич Крамско́й; June 8 (O.S. May 27), 1837, Ostrogozhsk – April 6 (O.S. March 24), 1887, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian painter and art critic. He was an intellectual ...

, he helped to found the

Artel of Artists The St. Petersburg Artel of Artists was a cooperative association (artel) led by Russian artists during 1863–1871. It was founded in Saint Petersburg on the initiative of Ivan Kramskoi following a revolt by fourteen students in the St. Petersb ...

, a group of painters who formed a sort of

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

, sharing workshops and maintaining a common household on

Vasilyevsky Island Vasilyevsky Island (russian: Васи́льевский о́стров, Vasilyevsky Ostrov, V.O.) is an island in St. Petersburg, Russia, bordered by the Bolshaya Neva and Malaya Neva Rivers (in the delta of the Neva River) in the south a ...

. He also taught drawing at the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts (1866, 1871–72). From 1862 to 1874, he was under police surveillance for alleged ties to revolutionary groups, possibly due to the social criticism inherent in many of his portrayals of peasant life. His first exhibition at the Academy came in 1868 and, six years later, a display of his work earned him the title of "Academician". During 1888 and 1889, he participated in showings by the "Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions" (

Peredvizhniki Peredvizhniki ( rus, Передви́жники, , pʲɪrʲɪˈdvʲiʐnʲɪkʲɪ), often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest of academic restr ...

), but never became a formal member of the group.Elena Savelyeva, ''Такой пикантный «мрак тёмного царства»'' (This Piquant "Doom of the Dark Kingdom"),

Radishchev Art Museum The Radishchev Museum in Saratov opened to the public on June 29, 1885. It is supposed to have been Russia's first major public art museum outside Moscow or St. Petersburg. It was founded by Alexey Bogolyubov and named after his grandfather, the ...

(exhibition catalog) 2003.

/ref> He also participated in the

Centennial Exposition The Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first official World's Fair to be held in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the ...

in Philadelphia, the Exposition Universelle (1889) and the

All-Russia Exhibition 1896 The All-Russia industrial and art exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod was held from May 28 (June 9 N.S.) till October 1 (13 N.S.), 1896. The 1896 exhibition was the largest pre-revolution exhibition in the Russian Empire and was organized wit ...

. In addition to his oil paintings, he helped to decorate the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow,Фирс Сергеевич Журавлев, Федеральное хранилище «Единая коллекция цифровых образовательных ресурсов» (Federal Depository of Digital Educational Resources), National Training Foundation, 201

and the

Nativity Cathedral, Riga The Nativity of Christ Cathedral ( lv, Kristus Piedzimšanas pareizticīgo katedrāle, russian: Христорождественский кафедральный собор), Riga, Latvia was built to a design by Nikolai Chagin and Robert Pfl ...

, and created mosaics for the Church of the Savior on Blood.

Selected paintings

File:Zhuravlev 10.jpg, The Spinner (1864) File:Firs Zhuravlev Chimney sweep.jpg, The Chimneysweep
(date unknown) File:Zhuravlev 11.jpg, The Stepmother (1874) File:Zhuravlev 09.jpg, Child Beggars (1870) File:Zhuravlev 13.jpg, The Clerk (1884)

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhuravlev, Firs 1836 births 1901 deaths 19th-century painters from the Russian Empire Russian male painters Genre painters Artists from Saratov 19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire