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Anti-Finnish sentiment (sometimes known as Fennophobia) is the hostility, prejudice, discrimination or racism directed against Finns, Finland, or
Finnish culture The culture of Finland combines indigenous heritage, as represented for example by the country's national languages Finnish (a Uralic language) and Swedish (a Germanic language), the sauna, with common Nordic and European cultural aspects. ...
.


Britain

The Finnish people have been discriminated against in Britain during Brexit, especially for speaking a different language. For example, Finnish people inside trains have been commanded to leave for speaking the Finnish language. Finnish people have been also commanded to leave the country and blocked from getting jobs.


Estonia

In recent years anti-Finnish sentiment has grown in Estonia, particularly in areas with many Finnish tourists and residents. Finnish tourists and residents have experienced verbal harassment and at times physical violence.


Norway

Finns have been emigrating to Norway since at least the 11th century. There exists a Finnish minority in Norway, the
Kvens Kvens (; fi, kveeni; no, kvenar, kvener; sv, kväner; se, kveanat) are a Balto-Finnic ethnic minority in Norway. They are descended from Finnish peasants and fishermen who emigrated from the northern parts of Finland and Sweden to Northe ...
. Speaking a Finnish dialect or a closely related Finnic language (their form of speech is now called Kven) was forbidden in Norway, and they experienced discrimination. Before
WW2 World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, Norway feared mass immigration and invasion from Finland. This was used as an excuse to discriminate against
Kvens Kvens (; fi, kveeni; no, kvenar, kvener; sv, kväner; se, kveanat) are a Balto-Finnic ethnic minority in Norway. They are descended from Finnish peasants and fishermen who emigrated from the northern parts of Finland and Sweden to Northe ...
.


Russia and the Soviet Union

The Russian word " chukhna" () is a derogatory term for Finnish and Finnic people. The ministry for foreign affairs of Russia called for Russians to not use the word. Ingrian Finns were heavily persecuted in Soviet Russia, including being subject to forced deportations. 8,000–25,000 Finns were killed during the Great Purge, including the
Finnish Operation of the NKVD The Finnish Operation of the NKVD was a mass arrest, execution and deportations of persons of Finnish origin in the Soviet Union by the NKVD during the period of Great Purge (1937–1938). It was a part of the larger mass operations of the NKVD wh ...
.


Sweden

During the 1960s and 1970s, there was a significant influx of Finnish economic migrants into
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
. Between 1950 and 1980 the number of Finns in Sweden increased from 45,000 to over 300,000. Attitudes towards Finnish immigrants were quite negative in Sweden. Derogatory expressions "en finne igen" ("yet another Finn") and "finnjävel" (equivalent to "Finnish bastard" or "Finnish devil") were commonly used. An anthology ''Finnjävlar'' was published, in which 15 Finns in Sweden describe their lives and lives of their parents in Sweden. In Sweden also the Tornedalians were once seen as an inferior race and speaking Finnish was banned in school. Both Finnish and
Meänkieli (literally 'our language') is a group of distinct Finnish language, Finnish dialects or a Finnic languages, Finnic language spoken in the northernmost part of Sweden along the valley of the Torne River. Its status as an independent language is d ...
(spoken in Tornedal) became
official minority languages of Sweden In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five official minority languages: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meänkieli (Tornedal Finnish). The Swedish language dominates commercial and cultural life in Sweden but di ...
in 2000, and the
Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...
state started an investigation about the historical treatment of Finns and Tornedalians in 2020.


Finnjävel

Finnjävel (singular) and Finnjävlar (plural) are derogatory terms used in Sweden for Finnish immigrants, mostly during the 1950s and 1960s. In this context, jävel or djävel, literally meaning "devil", is a generic strong insult.


United States

The prominent role of Finnish immigrants in the 1907 and 1916
Mesabi Range The Mesabi Iron Range is a mining district in northeastern Minnesota following an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore. It is the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. ...
strikes in Minnesota led to
blacklisting Blacklisting is the action of a group or authority compiling a blacklist (or black list) of people, countries or other entities to be avoided or distrusted as being deemed unacceptable to those making the list. If someone is on a blacklist, t ...
of Finns. It was a time of anti-Finnish sentiment in the area, and one could see signs "No Indians or Finns allowed." When many Finns came to America they started to set up schools, saunas and political unions, and the involvement in unions caused a bad reputation to Finnish people. Finns also had problems learning English and because they were "new" Finns faced much discrimination. The fact that the
Finnish language Finnish ( endonym: or ) is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedish ...
is a Finno-Ugric language and not related to most other European languages, was used as proof that the Finns were not European and thus a fair subject to discrimination.


China Swede

China Swede was a derogatory term used for Finnish immigrants in the United States during the early 1900s, particularly in northern Minnesota and Upper Michigan. Another term was "roundhead"."Finland Was a Poor Country: Part 2 By Mary Losure and Dan Olson June 10, 1997"
/ref>


Jackpine savage

The term ''jackpine savage'' was used in northern Minnesota during the early 1900s, referring to the term ''Indian savage'' used for Native Americans. Finnish businesses were also harassed with the pretext that they were illegally dealing liquor to Native Americans.


Åland

In Åland Finnish people are sometimes discriminated against and insults like Finnjävel ”Finnish devil” are used against Finns.


See also

* Chukhna *
Lynching of Olli Kinkkonen Olli (Olof) Kiukkonen Kinkkonen (June 10, 1880 – September 18, 1918) was a Finnish-American dockworker and logger. He was lynched in Duluth, Minnesota on September 18, 1918, for renouncing his American citizenship because he wanted to avoid fight ...
*
Mesaba Co-op Park Mesaba Co-op Park is a co-operative park located near Hibbing, Minnesota. It is one of the few remaining continuously operated co-operative parks in the country. A gathering place of the Finnish co-operative movement based on Finnish immigrants ...
* Russification of Finland * Genocide of the Ingrian Finns


References


Further reading

*Aleksi Huhta
Debating Visibility: Race and Visibility in the Finnish-American Press in 1908
''Nordic Journal of Migration Research'', 4(4), 2014, 168–175, {{doi, 10.2478/njmr-2014-0028 Finnish Finnish diaspora Racism Foreign relations of Finland