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Stromness (, non, Straumnes; nrn, Stromnes) is the second-most populous town in Orkney, Scotland. It is in the southwestern part of Mainland, Orkney, Mainland Orkney. It is a burgh with a parish around the outside with the town of Stromness as its capital.

Etymology

The name "Stromness" comes from the Old Norse, Norse ''Straumnes''. ''Straumr'' refers to the strong tides that rip past the Point of Ness through Hoy Sound to the south of the town. ''Nes'' means "headland". Stromness thus means "headland protruding into the tidal stream". In Viking times the anchorage where Stromness now stands was called Hamnavoe.

Town

A long-established seaport, Stromness has a population of approximately 2,190 residents. The old town is clustered along the characterful and winding main street, flanked by houses and shops built from local stone, with narrow lanes and alleys branching off it. There is a ferry link from Stromness to Scrabster on the north coast of mainland Scotland.

First recorded as the site of an inn in the sixteenth century, Stromness became important during the late seventeenth century, when Great Britain was at war with France and shipping was forced to avoid the English Channel. Ships of the Hudson's Bay Company were regular visitors, as were whaling fleets. Large numbers of Orkneymen, many of whom came from the Stromness area, served as traders, explorers and seamen for both. James Cook, Captain Cook's ships, HMS Discovery (1774), ''Discovery'' and HMS Resolution (1771), ''Resolution'', called at the town in 1780 on their return voyage from the Hawaiian Islands, where Captain Cook had been killed.

Stromness Museum reflects these aspects of the town's history (displaying for example important collections of whaling relics, and Inuit artefacts brought back as souvenirs by local men from Greenland and Arctic Canada).

Stromness harbour was rebuilt to the designs of John Barron in 1893.

At Stromness Pierhead is a statue by North Ronaldsay sculptor Ian Scott, depicting John Rae (explorer), John Rae standing erect with an inscription describing him as "the discoverer of the final link in the first navigable Northwest Passage", which was unveiled in 2013.

Parish

The parish of Stromness includes the islands of Hoy and Graemsay in addition to a tract of land about on Mainland, Orkney, Mainland Orkney. The Mainland part is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south and southeast by Hoy Sound, and on the northeast by the Loch of Stenness.

Antiquities include Breckness House, erected in 1633 by George Graham (bishop), George Graham, Bishop of Orkney, at the west entrance of Hoy Sound.

Media and the arts

The Stromness branch of the Orkney library is housed in a building given to the library service in 1905 by Mrs Marjory Skea Corrigall.

Writer George Mackay Brown was born and lived most of his life in the town, and is buried in the town's cemetery overlooking Hoy Sound. His poem "Hamnavoe (poem), Hamnavoe" is set in the town, and is in part a memorial to his father John, a local postman.

Stromness is referred to in the title of Sir Peter Maxwell Davies's popular piano piece "Farewell to Stromness", a piano interlude from ''The Yellow Cake Revue'', which was written to protest at plans to open a uranium mine in the area. (The title refers to yellowcake, the powder produced in an early stage of the processing of uranium ore.) The ''Revue'' was first performed by the composer at the Stromness Hotel on 21 June 1980, as part of the St Magnus Festival; plans for the uranium mine were cancelled later that year.

''Stromness'' is also the title of a 2009 novel by Herbert Wetterauer.

Stromness plays host to the Pier Arts Centre, a collection of twentieth-century British art given to the people of Orkney by artists such as Margaret Gardiner (art collector), Margaret Gardiner.

Geology

Stromness presents to the Atlantic a range of cliffs between high, and to Hoy Sound a band of fertile lowlands. The rocks possess great geological interest, and were made well known by the publication of the evangelical geologist Hugh Miller, ''The Footprints of the Creator ''or'' The Asterolepsis of Stromness'' (1849).

References

External links

Stromness Museum


stv feature, 19 June 2007.
* [http://www.stromnesspipeband.co.uk Stromness Royal British Legion Pipe Band]

Orkney's local paper
* Pier Art Gallery]
An important collection of British fine art



Stromness - The Haven Bay

Maritime Merchants: a view from Stromness MuseumA brief history of Stromness

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Stromness,
Ports and harbours of Scotland
Fishing communities in Scotland
Towns in Orkney
Parishes of Orkney
Mainland, Orkney