''Squalus'' is a genus of

dogfish shark Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish, are one of several families of sharks categorized under Squaliformes, making it the second largest order of sharks, numbering 119 species across 7 families. Having earned t ...

s in the family

Squalidae Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish, are one of several families of sharks categorized under Squaliformes, making it the second largest order of sharks, numbering 119 species across 7 families. Having earned t ...

. Commonly known as spurdogs, these sharks are characterized by smooth dorsal fin spines, teeth in upper and lower jaws similar in size, caudal peduncle with lateral keels; upper precaudal pit usually present, and caudal fin without subterminal notch. In spurdogs, the hyomandibula (the bone connecting the braincase to the jaws) is oriented at a right angle to the neurocranium, while in other sharks, the hyomandibula runs more parallel to the body. This led some to think that the upper jaw of ''Squalus'' would not be as protractile as the jaws of other sharks. However, a study that compared different jaw suspension types in sharks showed that this is not the case and that ''Squalus'' is quite capable of protruding its upper jaw during feeding.Wilga, C.D., Motta, P.J. & Sanford, C.P. (2007): Evolution and ecology of feeding in elasmobranchs. ''Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47 (1): 55-69.'' The name comes from ''squalus'', the Latin for shark; this word is the root for numerous words related to sharks such as squaline and

scientific name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

s for sharks, such as the order

Squaliformes The Squaliformes are an order (biology), order of sharks that includes about 126 species in seven families. Members of the order have two dorsal fins, which usually possess spines, they usually have a sharp head, no anal fin or nictitating me ...

Species

Currently, 32 recognized species are placed in this genus: * '' Squalus acanthias'' Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

(spiny dogfish) * '' Squalus albicaudus'' Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (Brazilian whitetail dogfish) Viana, S.T.d.F., Carvalho, M.R.d. & Gomes, U.L. (2016): Taxonomy and morphology of species of the genus ''Squalus'' Linnaeus, 1758 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae). ''Zootaxa, 4133 (1): 1-89.'' * '' Squalus albifrons'' Last,

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& J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern highfin spurdog) * '' Squalus altipinnis'' Last,

& J. D. Stevens, 2007 (western highfin spurdog) * '' Squalus bahiensis'' Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (northeastern Brazilian dogfish) * '' Squalus blainville'' ( A. Risso, 1827) (longnose spurdog) * '' Squalus brevirostris'' S. Tanaka (I), 1917 (Japanese shortnose spurdog) * ''

Squalus bucephalus The bighead spurdog (''Squalus bucephalus'') is a rare and little-known species of Squaliformes, dogfish shark in the family (biology), family Squalidae. It is found in deep water south of New Caledonia, and over the Norfolk Ridge. Reaching at lea ...

'' Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007 (bighead spurdog) * ''

Squalus chloroculus The greeneye spurdog (''Squalus chloroculus'') is a species of dogfish described in 2007. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off the coast of southeastern Australia. The length of the longest specimen measured is . It was considered ...

'' Last,

& Motomura, 2007 (greeneye spurdog) * '' Squalus clarkae'' Pfleger, Grubbs, Cotton & Daly-Engel, 2018 (Genie's dogfish) * '' Squalus crassispinus'' Last, M. J. Edmunds & Yearsley, 2007 (fatspine spurdog) * ''

Squalus cubensis The Cuban dogfish (''Squalus cubensis'') is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes. Distribution and habitat It is found in the Western Atlantic from North Carolina to Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico, around Cuba, ...

'' Howell-Rivero, 1936 (Cuban dogfish) * ''

Squalus edmundsi Edmund's spurdog (''Squalus edmundsi'') is a dogfish described in 2007. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off western Australia and Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and ...

, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (Edmund's spurdog) * ''

Squalus formosus The Taiwan spurdog (''Squalus formosus'') is a species of shark in the genus ''Squalus''. It was accidentally found in Taiwan's Tashi fish market by William Toby White and a colleague of the CSIRO in Hobart, Australia. They named it ''S. formosus ...

& Iglésias, 2011 (Taiwan spurdog) * ''

Squalus grahami ''Squalus grahami'', the eastern longnose spurdog, is a dogfish of the family Squalidae Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish, are one of several families of sharks categorized under Squaliformes, making it ...

, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern longnose spurdog) * ''

Squalus griffini The northern spiny dogfish (''Squalus griffini''), also known as the brown dogfish, grey spiny dogfish or Griffin's dogfish, is a marine species of the family Squalidae, found off New Zealand's North Island. The length of the longest specimen ...

'' Phillipps, 1931 (northern spiny dogfish) * ''

Squalus hawaiiensis ''Squalus hawaiiensis'', the Hawaiian spurdog, is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae, found in waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands, from the surface to 950 m. Its length is up to 75 cm. Taxonomy ''Squalus hawaiiensis'' was o ...

'' Daly-Engel,

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, Anderson, Cotton, Grubbs, 2018 (Hawaiian spurdog) * ''

Squalus hemipinnis The Indonesian shortsnout spurdog (''Squalus hemipinnis'') is a Squaliformes, dogfish described in 2007. It is a member of the family (biology), family Squalidae, found off Indonesia. The length of the longest specimen measured is . References

, Last & Yearsley, 2007 (Indonesian shortsnout spurdog) * '' Squalus japonicus'' Ishikawa, 1908 (Japanese spurdog) * ''

Squalus lalannei The Seychelles spurdog (''Squalus lalannei'') is a dogfish described in 2003. It is a member of the family Squalidae Squalidae, more commonly known as dogfish, dog sharks, or spiny dogfish, are one of several families of sharks categorized ...

'' Baranes, 2003 (Seychelles spurdog) * '' Squalus lobularis'' Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (Atlantic lobefin dogfish) * ''

Squalus megalops The shortnose spurdog (''Squalus megalops)'' also known as the piked spurdog is a small shark located primarily off the coast of Southern Australia and South Africa.Braccini, J. M., et al. “Embryo Development and MaternalâEmbryo Nutriti ...

'' ( W. J. Macleay, 1881) (shortnose spurdog) * '' Squalus melanurus'' Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (blacktailed spurdog) * ''

Squalus mitsukurii The shortspine spurdog (''Squalus mitsukurii'') is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae, found on continental shelves off Japan in temperate waters, from the surface to 950 m. Its length is up to 75 cm. Taxonomy The shortspine dogf ...

'' D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1903 (shortspine spurdog) * ''

Squalus montalbani ''Squalus montalbani'', the Philippine spurdog or Indonesian greeneye spurdog, is a relatively large species of dogfish shark native to waters off the coast of Australia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The species was identified in 1912 from ...

'' Whitley, 1931 (Indonesian greeneye spurdog) * ''

Squalus nasutus '' Squalus nasutus'', the western longnose spurdog, is a dogfish of the family Squalidae, found on the continental shelf off the northwest and southwest coasts of Western Australia, at depths between 300 and 510 m. Its length is at least 55&n ...

'' Last, L. J. Marshall &

, 2007 (western longnose spurdog) * ''

Squalus notocaudatus ''Squalus notocaudatus'', the bartail spurdog, is a dogfish of the family Squalidae, found on the continental shelf off Queensland, Australia, at depths between 220 and 450 m. The length of the longest specimen measured, an immature male ...

'' Last,

& J. D. Stevens, 2007 (bartail spurdog) * ''

Squalus quasimodo The humpback western dogfish (''Squalus quasimodo'') is a Squaliformes, dogfish described in 2016. It is a member of the family (biology), family Squalidae, found off the coast of Brazil. The length of the longest specimen measured is .This shar ...

'' Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (humpback western dogfish) * '' Squalus rancureli'' Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (Cyrano spurdog) * ''

Squalus raoulensis The Kermadec spiny dogfish (''Squalus raoulensis'') is a dogfish described in 2007. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off the Kermadec Islands. The length of the longest specimen measured is . In June 2018 the New Zealand Departmen ...

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& Last, 2007 (Kermadec spiny dogfish) *'' Squalus shiraii'' Viana & M. R. de Carvalho, 2020 (Shirai's spurdog) * ''

Squalus suckleyi The Pacific spiny dogfish (''Squalus suckleyi'') is a common species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks and are among the most abundant species of sharks in the world. This species is closely related to ''Squalus acanthias'' and for many ...

'' ( Girard, 1855) (Pacific spiny dogfish) Image:Spiny dogfish.jpg, '' Squalus acanthias'' Image:Squalus altipinnis.jpg, '' Squalus altipinnis'' Image:Squalus blainville.jpg, '' Squalus blainville'' Image:Squalus bucephalus JNC2621 Body.JPG, ''

'' Image:Squalus chloroculus.jpg, ''

'' Image:Squalus crassispinus.jpg, '' Squalus crassispinus'' Image:Squalus cubensis eits.jpg, ''

'' Image:Squalus megalops.jpg, ''

'' Image:Squalus melanurus JNC2719 Body.JPG, '' Squalus melanurus'' Image:HutoTZ.jpg, ''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q737224 Extant Campanian first appearances Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Species

See also

References