Sciurus carolinensis.jpg

The genus ''Sciurus'' contains most of the common, bushy-tailed squirrels in North America, Europe, temperate Asia, Central America and South America.

Species

The number of species in the genus is subject to change.
In 2005, Thorington & Hoffman- whose taxonomic interpretation is followed by the IUCN website- accepted 28 species in the genus:

Genus ''Sciurus''

*Subgenus ''Sciurus''
** Allen's squirrel, ''Sciurus alleni''
** Arizona gray squirrel, ''Sciurus arizonensis''
**Mexican gray squirrel, ''Sciurus aureogaster''
** Eastern gray squirrel, ''Sciurus carolinensis''
**Collie's squirrel, ''Sciurus colliaei''
** Deppe's squirrel, ''Sciurus deppei''
**Japanese squirrel, ''Sciurus lis''
** Calabrian black squirrel, ''Sciurus meridionalis''
**Mexican fox squirrel, ''Sciurus nayaritensis''
** Fox squirrel, ''Sciurus niger''
**Peters's squirrel, ''Sciurus oculatus''
**Variegated squirrel, ''Sciurus variegatoides''
**Eurasian red squirrel, ''Sciurus vulgaris''
**Yucatan squirrel, ''Sciurus yucatanensis''
*Subgenus ''Otosciurus''
**Abert's squirrel, ''Sciurus aberti''
*Subgenus ''Guerlinguetus''
** Brazilian squirrel (Guianan squirrel), ''Sciurus aestuans''
**Yellow-throated squirrel, ''Sciurus gilvigularis''
**Red-tailed squirrel, ''Sciurus granatensis''
**Bolivian squirrel, ''Sciurus ignitus''
**Andean squirrel, ''Sciurus pucheranii''
**Richmond's squirrel, ''Sciurus richmondi''
**Sanborn's squirrel, ''Sciurus sanborni''
**Guayaquil squirrel, ''Sciurus stramineus''
*Subgenus ''Tenes''
**Persian squirrel, ''Sciurus anomalus''
*Subgenus ''Hadrosciurus''
**Fiery squirrel, ''Sciurus flammifer''
**Junín red squirrel, ''Sciurus pyrrhinus''
*Subgenus ''Hesperosciurus''
**Western gray squirrel, ''Sciurus griseus''
*Subgenus ''Urosciurus''
**Northern Amazon red squirrel, ''Sciurus igniventris''
** Southern Amazon red squirrel, ''Sciurus spadiceus''

In 2015, 15–17 species were left in the genus ''Sciurus'' after de Vivo & Carmignotto comprehensively reviewed South American Sciuridae for the first time in many decades and proposed numerous changes; synonymising some species and many subspecies, splitting another species, and naming new species. They followed Joel Asaph Allen's unsatisfying 1914 attempt in splitting the genus ''Sciurus'' by raising the South American subgenera to the rank of genus, adding ''Urosciurus'' to ''Hadrosciurus'', and splitting the genus ''Guerlinguetus'' in three. Their taxonomic treatment might also require ''Sciurus deppei'' to be moved to ''Notosciurus''.

A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of Sciurinae split ''Sciurus'' into multiple new genera and elevated several subgenera. The paper included genetic sampling from almost all recognized species and recommends the following species assignments:
*''Sciurus''
**Persian squirrel, ''S. anomalus''
**Eurasian red squirrel, ''S. vulgaris''
**Japanese squirrel, ''S. lis''
*''Hesperosciurus''
**Abert's squirrel, ''H. aberti''
**Western gray squirrel, ''H. griseus''
*''Parasciurus''
** Allen's squirrel, ''P. alleni''
** Arizona gray squirrel, ''P. arizonensis''
**Mexican fox squirrel, ''P. nayaritensis''
** Fox squirrel, ''P. niger''
**Peters's squirrel, ''P. oculatus''
*''Neosciurus''
** Eastern gray squirrel, ''N. carolinensis''
*''Echinosciurus''
**Mexican gray squirrel, ''E. aureogaster''
**Collie's squirrel, ''E. colliaei''
** Deppe's squirrel, ''E. deppei''
**Variegated squirrel, ''E. variegatoides''
**Yucatan squirrel, ''E. yucatanensis''
*''Simosciurus''
**''S. nebouxii''
**Guayaquil squirrel, ''S. stramineus''
*''Guerlinguetus''
**Brazilian squirrel, ''G. aestuans''
**'' G. brasiliensis''
*''Hadrosciurus''
**Bolivian squirrel, ''H. ignitus''
**Northern Amazon red squirrel, ''H. igniventris''
**Junín red squirrel, ''H. pyrrhinus''
** Southern Amazon red squirrel, ''H. spadiceus''

Additionally, the paper suggests moving Andean squirrel back to subtribe Microsciurina, the dwarf squirrels, and assigns it to the newly described genus ''Leptosciurus''. The paper's findings agree with prior assessments to synonymize Richmond's squirrel into Red-tailed squirrel and reassigns the Red-tailed squirrel into the previously monotypic Asian genus ''Syntheosciurus'', also in Microsciurina. The paper did not include genetic sampling or taxonomic suggestions for ''gilvigularis'', ''meridionalis'', ''sanborni'', or ''flammifer''.

References

*
*Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. 
*Eisenberg, J.F. 1989.
Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 1: The Northern Neotropics: Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana
. University of Chicago Press.
*Redford, K.H. and Eisenberg, J.F. 1992.
Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 2: The Southern Cone: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay
. University of Chicago Press.
*Eisenberg, J.F. and Redford, K.H. 1999.
Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: The Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
. University of Chicago Press.

Footnotes

Rodent genera
Extant Miocene first appearances
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

{{Squirrel-stub