Registan square 2014.JPG
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The Registan ( Uzbek: Регистон, Registon) was the heart of the ancient city of
Samarkand fa, سمرقند , native_name_lang = , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from the top:Registan square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, view inside Shah-i-Zinda, ...
of the Timurid Empire, now in Uzbekistan. The name ''Rēgistan'' () means "sandy place" or "desert" in Persian. The Registan was a public square, where people gathered to hear royal proclamations, heralded by blasts on enormous copper pipes called ''dzharchis'' - and a place of public executions. It is framed by three madrasahs (Islamic schools) of distinctive Islamic architecture. The square was regarded as the hub of the Timurid Renaissance.


Madrasahs

The three madrasahs of the Registan are: the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420), the Sher-Dor Madrasah (1619–1636), and the Tilya-Kori Madrasah (1646–1660).
Madrasah Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...
is an Arabic term meaning school.


Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420)

The Ulugh Beg Madrasah, built by Ulugh Beg during the Timurid Empire era of Timur, has an imposing
iwan An iwan ( fa, ایوان , ar, إيوان , also spelled ivan) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called , a Persian term for a portal projecting ...
with a lancet-arch pishtaq or portal facing the square. The corners are flanked by high
minaret A minaret (; ar, منارة, translit=manāra, or ar, مِئْذَنة, translit=miʾḏana, links=no; tr, minare; fa, گل‌دسته, translit=goldaste) is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques. Minarets are generall ...
s. The mosaic panel over the iwan's entrance arch is decorated by geometrical stylized ornaments. The square courtyard includes a mosque and lecture rooms, and is fringed by the dormitory cells in which students lived. There are deep galleries along the axes. Originally the Ulugh Beg Madrasah was a two-storied building with four domed ''darskhona''s (lecture rooms) at the corners. The Ulugh Beg Madrasah ( fa, مدرسه الغ بیگ) was one of the best clergy universities of the Muslim Orient in the 15th Century CE. Abdul-Rahman Jami, the great Persian poet, scholar, mystic, scientist and philosopher studied at the madrasah. Ulugh Beg himself gave lectures there. During Ulugh Beg's government the madrasah was a centre of learning


Sher-Dor Madrasah (1619–1636)

In the 17th century the ruler of Samarkand, Yalangtush Bakhodur, ordered the construction of the Sher-Dor ( fa, شیردار) and Tillya-Kori ( fa, طلاکاری) madrasahs. The tiger mosaics with a rising sun on their back are especially interesting for their depiction of living beings and use of Persian motifs.


Tilya-Kori Madrasah (1646–1660)

Ten years later the Tilya-Kori ( fa, طلاکاری, meaning "Gilded") Madrasah was built. It was not only a residential college for students, but also played the role of grand ''masjid'' (mosque). It has a two-storied main facade and a vast courtyard fringed by dormitory cells, with four galleries along the axes. The mosque building (see picture) is situated in the western section of the courtyard. The main hall of the mosque is abundantly gilded. File:Rajasthan3.jpg, Ulugh Beg Madrasah File:Rajasthan.jpg, Sher-Dor Madrasah File:Registan Tillya-Kari madrasah2014.JPG, Tilya Kori Madrasah Ulugh-beg Madrassa courtyard.JPG, Ulugh Beg Madrasah courtyard File:Lion(or tiger) on the Sher-dor madrassa.JPG, Tiger on the Sher-Dor Madrasah
iwan An iwan ( fa, ایوان , ar, إيوان , also spelled ivan) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called , a Persian term for a portal projecting ...
Gorskii 21756u.jpg, Tilya Kori Madrasah in 19th century


Other buildings


Mausoleum of Shaybanids

To the east of the Tilya-Kori Madrasah, the mausoleum of Shaybanids (16th century) is located
see picture
. The real founder of Shaybanid power was
Muhammad Shaybani Muhammad Shaybani Khan ( uz, Muhammad Shayboniy, also known as Abul-Fath Shaybani Khan or Shayabak Khan or Shahi Beg Khan, originally named "Shibägh", which means " wormwood" or "obsidian") (c. 1451 – 2 December 1510), was an Uzbek leader ...
- grandson of Abu'l-Khayr Khan. In 1500, with the backing of the Chaghataite Khanate, then based in Tashkent, Muhammad Shaybani conquered Samarkand and
Bukhara Bukhara (Uzbek language, Uzbek: /, ; tg, Бухоро, ) is the List of cities in Uzbekistan, seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan, with a population of 280,187 , and the capital of Bukhara Region. People have inhabited the region around Bukhara ...
from their last
Timurid Timurid refers to those descended from Timur (Tamerlane), a 14th-century conqueror: * Timurid dynasty, a dynasty of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from Timur who established empires in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ** Timurid Empire of C ...
rulers. The founder of the dynasty then turned on his benefactors and in 1503 took Tashkent. He captured
Khiva Khiva ( uz, Xiva/, خىۋا; fa, خیوه, ; alternative or historical names include ''Kheeva'', ''Khorasam'', ''Khoresm'', ''Khwarezm'', ''Khwarizm'', ''Khwarazm'', ''Chorezm'', ar, خوارزم and fa, خوارزم) is a district-level city ...
in 1506 and in 1507 he swooped down on Merv (Turkmenistan), eastern Persia, and western Afghanistan. The Shaybanids stopped the advance of the
Safavid Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...
s, who in 1502 had defeated the Akkoyunlu (Azerbaijan). Muhammad Shaybani was a leader of nomadic Uzbeks. During the ensuing years they substantially settled down in oases of Central Asia. The Uzbek invasion of the 15th Century CE was the last component of today's Uzbek nation ethnogeny.


Chorsu trading dome

The trading dome
Chorsu Chorsu may refer to: *Chorsu Bazaar, a market in Tashkent, Uzbekistan *Chorsu (Tashkent Metro), a metro station in Tashkent, Uzbekistan *Chorsu (Samarkand), a building in Samarkand, Uzbekistan *Chorsu, Vahdat, a jamoat of the city of Vahdat, Tajiki ...
(1785) is situated right behind the Sher-Dor. Street Tashkent mausoleum Sheibanids.jpg, Mausoleum of Shaybanids Chorsu 2015.JPG, Chorsu trading dome


See also

* Bibi-Khanym Mosque *
Gur-e Amir The Gūr-i Amīr or Guri Amir ( uz, Amir Temur maqbarasi, Go'ri Amir, fa, گورِ امیر) is a mausoleum of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (also known as Tamerlane) in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It occupies an important place in the history of C ...
*
Shah-i-Zinda Shah-i-Zinda ( uz, Shohizinda; fa, شاه زنده, meaning "The Living King") is a necropolis in the north-eastern part of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. History The Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble includes mausoleums and other ritual buildings of 11th – 15th ...
* Timurid dynasty *
Tourism in Uzbekistan Today, the museums of Uzbekistan store over two million artifacts, evidence of the unique historical, cultural, and spiritual life of the Central Asian peoples that have lived in the region. According to the Statistical Internet Survey, carried ...


References


External links

* {{coord, 39, 39, 17, N, 66, 58, 32, E, region:UZ_type:landmark, display=title Buildings and structures in Samarkand Squares in Uzbekistan Islamic architecture Timurid dynasty Madrasas in Uzbekistan