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An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large
body of water A body of water or waterbody (often spelled water body) is any significant accumulation of water on the surface of Earth or another planet. The term most often refers to oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such a ...
, where people may walk. The historical definition of ''esplanade'' was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls to provide clear fields of fire for the fortress's guns. In modern usage, the space allows the area to be paved as a pedestrian walk; esplanades are often on sea fronts and allow walking whatever the state of the
tide Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another. Tide tables ...
, without having to walk on the
beach A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc sh ...
.


History

In the 19th century, the razing of city fortifications and the relocation of port facilities made it possible in many cities to create promenade paths on the former fortresses and ramparts. The parts of the former fortifications, such as hills, viewpoints, ditches, waterways and lakes have now been included in these promenades, making them popular excursion destinations as well as the location of cultural institutions. The rapid development of artificial street lighting in the 19th century also enabled safe use in the evening. One example of this is Vienna's
Ringstrasse The Vienna Ring Road (german: Ringstraße, lit. ''ring road'') is a 5.3 km (3.3 mi) circular grand boulevard that serves as a ring road around the historic Innere Stadt (Inner Town) district of Vienna, Austria. The road is located on sites wher ...
. Esplanades became popular in
Victorian times In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardi ...
, when it was fashionable to visit
seaside resort A seaside resort is a town, village, or hotel that serves as a vacation resort and is located on a coast. Sometimes the concept includes an aspect of official accreditation based on the satisfaction of certain requirements, such as in the Germ ...
s. A promenade, often abbreviated to '(the) prom', was an area where people – couples and families especially – would go to walk for a while in order to 'be seen' and be considered part of '
society A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Soci ...
'. Beach promenades such as the
Promenade de la Croisette The Promenade de la Croisette (), or Boulevard de la Croisette, is a prominent road in Cannes, France. It stretches along the shore of the Mediterranean Sea and is about 2 km long. The Croisette is known for the Palais des Festivals et des ...
in
Cannes Cannes ( , , ; oc, Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. T ...
, the famous
Promenade des Anglais The ''Promenade des Anglais'' (; Niçard: ''Camin dei Anglés''; meaning "English Walkway") is a wikt:en:promenade, promenade along the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast of Nice, France. It extends from the Nice Côte d'Azur Airport, airp ...
on the Mediterranean coast in
Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard dialect, Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department in France. The Nice urban unit, agg ...
or the Lungomare of
Barcola Barcola is a maritime neighbourhood of Trieste, Italy. It is a popular tourist place with beaches and long promenades, near the Habsburg-established Miramare Castle. Barcola is highly valued for the high quality of life and the free access to the ...
in
Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into prov ...
still play a central role in city life and in the real estate market. In the United States, ''esplanade'' has another meaning, being also a median (strip of raised land) or
berm A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating areas in a vertical way, especially partway up a long slope. It can serve as a terrace road, track, path, a fortification line, a border/ separation ...
dividing a roadway or boulevard. Sometimes they are just strips of grass, or some may have gardens and trees. Some roadway esplanades may be used as parks with a walking/jogging trail and benches. ''Esplanade'' and ''promenade'' are sometimes used interchangeably. The derivation of "promenade" indicates a place specifically intended for walking, though many modern promenades and esplanades also allow bicycles and other nonmotorized transport. Some esplanades also include large
boulevard A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway. Boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls. In American usage, boulevards may ...
s or avenues where cars are permitted. A similar term with the same meaning in the eastern coastal region of Spain is ''rambla'', such as La Rambla in Barcelona, but more widely used terms in the rest of the
Hispanic world Hispanophone and Hispanic refers to anything relating to the Spanish language (the Hispanosphere). In a cultural, rather than merely linguistic sense, the notion of "Hispanophone" goes further than the above definition. The Hispanic culture is th ...
are ' ("esplanade"), ' ("promenade") or ' ("esplanade").


Examples


Asia


India

*
Esplanade An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk. The historical definition of ''esplanade'' was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls to provide cl ...
, also known as the Central Business District in
Kolkata Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
* Kamarajar Salai, Chennai in
Chennai Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...
*
Marine Drive, Kochi Marine Drive is a picturesque promenade in Kochi, India. It is built facing the backwaters, and is a popular hangout for the local populace. Despite its name, no vehicles are allowed on the walkway. Marine Drive is also an economically thriving ...
in
Kochi Kochi (), also known as Cochin ( ) ( the official name until 1996) is a major port city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea, which is a part of the Arabian Sea. It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of K ...
*
Marine Drive Marine Drive may refer to: Roads Bangladesh * Cox Bazar-Tekhnaf Marine Drive, world's longest marine drive road. Canada *Marine Drive (Nova Scotia), a scenic route in Nova Scotia *Marine Drive (Greater Vancouver), a number of roadways in Metropo ...
in
Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...
*
Bandstand Promenade The Bandstand Promenade, also known as Bandra Bandstand is a 1.2 kilometer long walkway along the sea on the western coast of Mumbai, India in the neighborhood of Bandra. It is simultaneously a popular hangout spot, a jogging track and a park. ...
in
Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...
*
Promenade Beach Rock Beach (or, known as, "Pondicherry Beach") is the popular stretch of beachfront in the city of Puducherry, India, along the Bay of Bengal. It is a 1.2-kilometre-long stretch in Pondicherry, starts from War Memorial and end at Dupleix Park ...
in Pondicherry


Malaysia

* Esplanade, Penang, Esplanade, George Town, Penang, George Town, Penang * Gurney Drive, George Town, Penang, George Town, Penang * Karpal Singh Drive, George Town, Penang, George Town, Penang


Philippines

* Baywalk, Manila * Dipolog Boulevard, Dipolog City * Rizal Boulevard Promenade, Dumaguete City * Iloilo River Esplanade, Iloilo City * Bai Walk, Cotabato City *Fort Pilar, Paseo del Mar, Zamboanga City *Mandulog River Esplanade, Iligan, Iligan City


Others

* Tsim Sha Tsui East, Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong * West Kowloon Waterfront Promenade , West Kowloon Cultural District in Hong Kong * Tel Aviv Promenade, Tel Aviv, Israel * Corniche Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon * Esplanade, Singapore, The Esplanade, Singapore * Galle Face Green, Colombo, Sri Lanka * Breakwater (structure), Breakwater Corniche or Al-Kasr in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * Doha Corniche, Doha, Qatar * The Bund, Shanghai, China


Americas and Caribbean


United States

* The Camelback Esplanade, Phoenix, Arizona * The Charles River Esplanade, Boston, Massachusetts * The Eastern Promenade, Portland, Maine * The Esplanade, Redondo Beach, California * The Esplanade, Rio del Mar, California, Rio del Mar, California * Third Street Promenade, Santa Monica, California, Santa Monica, Los Angeles County, California *Eastbank Esplanade, Portland, Oregon *The East River Greenway, New York City, New York, New York (state), New York


Others

* Calçadão de Copacabana and Calçadão de Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil * Malecón, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico * Malecón, Havana, Cuba * Rambla of Montevideo, Rambla de Montevideo, Uruguay * Terrasse Dufferin, Quebec City, Canada * Esplanade, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada


Europe

*
Barcola Barcola is a maritime neighbourhood of Trieste, Italy. It is a popular tourist place with beaches and long promenades, near the Habsburg-established Miramare Castle. Barcola is highly valued for the high quality of life and the free access to the ...
,
Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into prov ...
, Italy * Esplanade, Redcar, England * Esplanade, Exmouth, England * Esplanade, Aberdeen, Scotland * (The) Esplanade, Lerwick, Scotland * Esplanaden, Copenhagen, Denmark * Promenade des Anglais, La Promenade des Anglais, in
Nice Nice ( , ; Niçard dialect, Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes departments of France, department in France. The Nice urban unit, agg ...
, France * Esplanade de La Defense, France * Paseo Marítimo de Pontevedra, in Pontevedra, Spain * Usedom Beach Promenade, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Western Pomerania, Germany (Europe's longest beach promenade)Europe’s longest beach promenade from Bansin to Świnoujście
(12 km) * Riga, Esplanade, Latvia * Świnoujście, by the Baltic Sea, Poland * Trzebież, by the Szczecin Lagoon, Poland * Weymouth Beach, The Esplanade, in Weymouth, Dorset, Weymouth, England * The Promenade, at Portobello, Edinburgh, Portobello, in Edinburgh, Scotland * Esplanadi, in Helsinki, Finland * Valletta Waterfront, in Floriana, Malta * Spianada, in Corfu (city), Corfu town, Greece * Salthill Promenade, in Galway, Ireland


Others

* Saint Clair, New Zealand, St Clair Esplanade in Dunedin, New Zealand * Marine Parade, in Napier, New Zealand * The Golden Mile, Durban, South Africa * Sea Point, Cape Town, South Africa


Inland

* Esplanade of the European Parliament, in Brussels, Belgium * Ministries Esplanade, in Brasília, Brazil * The Esplanade (Toronto), in Toronto, Canada * Thames Embankment, in London, England * Brühl's Terrace, Dresden, Germany * The Danube Promenade in Budapest, Hungary * Esplanade, Calcutta, Esplanade, in Calcutta, India * Iloilo River Esplanade in Iloilo City, Philippines * Błonia, Kraków, Poland * L'Enfant Plaza in Washington, D.C., United States * Charles River Reservation, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States * The Eastbank Esplanade, in Portland, Oregon, United States


Gallery

File:StrandDüne.JPG, Usedom, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Western Pomerania, Germany - longest beach promenade in Europe (Ahlbeck here) File:Pärnu rannapromenaad 2014.jpg, Pärnu's beach promenade, Pärnu County, Estonia File:Mumbai 03-2016 46 evening at Marine Drive.jpg, Marine Drive,
Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...
, India File:St Clair Beach, Dunedin, New Zealand.jpg, St Clair Beach and esplanade, Dunedin, New Zealand File:Beirut Corniche, Beirut, Lebanon.jpg, The Corniche, Beirut, Lebanon File:Dumaguete Boulevard.jpg, Promenade at Rizal Boulevard in Dumaguete City, Philippines File:Sliema Strandpromenade, Malta.jpg, Sliema promenade, Malta File:Colombo - Galle Face.jpg, The Galle Face Green esplanade, Colombo, Sri Lanka File:Gurney Drive Penang.jpg, Gurney Drive, Penang, Malaysia File:Krakow Blonia (Meadow) view to W,Krakow,Poland.jpg, Błonia, Kraków, Poland File:Blackpool promenade - DSC07204.JPG, Blackpool's regenerated Promenade, England File:Esplanade Row East.jpg, Esplanade, Kolkata, Esplanade Row East,
Kolkata Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, comme ...
, India File:Iloilo River Esplanade.JPG, Iloilo River Esplanade, Iloilo City, Philippines - the longest linear park in the Philippines File:Charles River Esplanade - IMG 3777.jpg, Charles River Esplanade, Boston Esplanade, Boston, United States File:Promenade in Adler.jpg, Esplanade in Sochi Olympic Park, the Olympic Park of Sochi, Russia


See also

* Boardwalk (entertainment district), Boardwalk * Foreshoreway * Malecón * Oceanway * Processional walkway * Similar areas inland: Boulevard, Mall (disambiguation)#Places, mall


References

{{Authority control Types of streets Waterfronts Greenways