Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to:

Religion

* Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-paganism or Hinduism

Christian

Traditional Christian denominations

Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops vi ...

, the world's second largest Christian church, that accepts seven Ecumenical Councils *

Oriental Orthodox Churches The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 60 million members worldwide. The Oriental Orthodox Churches are part of the Nicene Christian tradition, and represent ...

, a Christian communion that accepts three Ecumenical Councils

Modern denominations

* True Orthodox Churches, also called

Old Calendarists Old Calendarists (Greek: ''palaioimerologitai'' or ''palaioimerologites''), also known as Old Feasters (''palaioeortologitai''), Genuine Orthodox Christians or True Orthodox Christians (GOC; ), are traditionalist groups of Eastern Orthodox Chri ...

, a movement that separated from the mainstream Eastern Orthodox Church in the 1920s over issues of ecumenism and calendar reform * Reformed Orthodoxy (16th–18th century), a systematized, institutionalized and codified Reformed theology *

Neo-orthodoxy In Christianity, Neo-orthodoxy or Neoorthodoxy, also known as theology of crisis and dialectical theology, was a theological movement developed in the aftermath of the First World War. The movement was largely a reaction against doctrines of ...

, a theological position also known as ''dialectical theology'' *

Paleo-orthodoxy Paleo-orthodoxy (from Ancient Greek παλαιός "ancient" and Koine Greek ὀρθοδοξία "correct belief") is a Protestant Christian theological movement in the United States which emerged in the late 20th and early 21st centuries an ...

, (20th–21st century), a movement in the United States focusing on the consensus among the ecumenical councils and church fathers *

Communion of Western Orthodox Churches The Communion of Western Orthodox Churches (CWOC; french: Communion des Églises orthodoxes occidentales, CEOO) is a communion of Christian churches. Overview The communion currently comprises three member churches: * The Celtic Orthodox ...

a communion of Christian churches of Orthodox tradition adhering to customs of western Christianity *

Lutheran orthodoxy Lutheran orthodoxy was an era in the history of Lutheranism, which began in 1580 from the writing of the ''Book of Concord'' and ended at the Age of Enlightenment. Lutheran orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in Calvinism and tridentine Ro ...

, an era in the history of Lutheranism which began in 1580 from the writing of the ''Book of Concord'' *

Orthodox Presbyterian Church The Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) is a confessional Presbyterian denomination located primarily in the United States, with additional congregations in Canada, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. It was founded by conservative members of the Presbyter ...

, a confessional Presbyterian denomination located primarily in the northern United States

Academic term

Proto-orthodox Christianity The term proto-orthodox Christianity or proto-orthodoxy is often erroneously thought to have been coined by New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman, who borrowed it from Bentley Layton (a major scholar of Gnosticism and Coptologist at Yale), and des ...

, a term coined by New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman to describe the Early Christian movement which was the precursor of Christian orthodoxy

Non-Christian

Orthodox Judaism Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist and theologically conservative branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as revealed by God to Moses ...

, a branch of Judaism ** Modern Orthodox Judaism, is a movement within Orthodox Judaism **

Haredi Judaism Haredi Judaism ( he, ', ; also spelled ''Charedi'' in English; plural ''Haredim'' or ''Charedim'') consists of groups within Orthodox Judaism that are characterized by their strict adherence to ''halakha'' (Jewish law) and traditions, in oppos ...

, groups within Orthodox Judaism that reject modern secular culture ***

Hasidic Judaism Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism (Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Judaism, Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory ...

, a sub-group within Haredi Judaism noted for its religious conservatism and, typically, social seclusion *

Orthodox Islam Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word ''Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagree ...

, generally refers to Sunni Islam * Orthodox Hinduism, a term for Sanātanī *

Orthodox Bahá'í Faith Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pa ...

, a small Baha'i denomination *

Kemetic Orthodoxy Kemetic Orthodoxy is a new religious movement based on Kemeticism, which is a reconstruction of ancient Egyptian religion. It was founded in 1988 by Tamara Siuda, who remains its current Nisut or Pharaoh. Despite its name, Siuda considers Kemeti ...

, an Egyptian neo-pagan religion that intends to reform and restore ancient Egyptian religion *

Slavic Native Faith The Slavic Native Faith, commonly known as Rodnovery * bg, Родноверие, translit=Rоdnoverie * bs, Rodnovjerje * mk, Родноверие, translit=Rodnoverie * cz, Rodnověří * hr, Rodnovjerje * pl, Rodzimowierstwo; Rodzima ...

or Rodovery Orthodoxy, a term used by Neo-Slavic pagan religious organizations

Other uses

* Left-arm orthodox spin, a bowling technique in cricket * ''Orthodox'' (album), a 2013 album by American rock band Beware of Darkness * Orthodox (Jordan), a Jordanian basketball club * Orthodox File Managers, a user interface to work with file systems * Orthodox Marxism, the dominant form of Marxist philosophy between the death of Karl Marx and the beginning of World War I * Orthodox seed, a seed which may be preserved via drying or freezing *

Orthodox stance In combat sports such as boxing, an orthodox stance is one in which the boxer places their left foot farther in front of the right foot, thus having their weaker side closer to the opponent. Because it favors the stronger, dominant side (often th ...

, a way of positioning the feet and hands in combat sports