''Lysmata'' is a genus of shrimp in the infraorder

Caridea The Caridea, commonly known as caridean shrimp or true shrimp, are an infraorder of shrimp within the order Decapoda. This infraorder contains all species of true shrimp. They are found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Many ...

, the caridean shrimp. The genus belongs to the family Lysmatidae. ''Lysmata'' are popular ornamental shrimp in the

marine aquarium A marine aquarium is an aquarium that keeps marine plants and animals in a contained environment. Marine aquaria are further subdivided by hobbyists into fish only (FO), fish only with live rock (FOWLR), and reef aquaria. Fish only tanks ofte ...

trade for their bright color patterns, interesting behaviors, and ability to control certain aquarium

pests PESTS was an anonymous American activist group formed in 1986 to critique racism, tokenism, and exclusion in the art world. PESTS produced newsletters, posters, and other print material highlighting examples of discrimination in gallery represent ...

such as sea anemones of the genus ''

Aiptasia ''Aiptasia'' is a genus of a symbiotic cnidarian belonging to the class Anthozoa ( sea anemones, corals). ''Aiptasia'' is a widely distributed genus of temperate and tropical sea anemones of benthic lifestyle typically found living on mangrov ...

''. They are known to command high prices on the pet market. The genus is informally divided into two main categories. Some species are

cleaner shrimp Cleaner shrimp is a common name for a number of swimming decapod crustaceans, that clean other organisms of parasites. They belong to any of three families, Hippolytidae (including the Pacific cleaner shrimp, ''Lysmata amboinensis''), Pala ...

which "clean" parasites and other material from

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of ...

, live in pairs, and are brightly colored, often in contrasting reds and yellows with white antennae. Other species are the "peppermint shrimp", which have semi-translucent, red-banded bodies, and live in large groups. Some peppermint shrimp perform cleaning behaviors, but less actively than do the cleaner shrimp. The genus has been studied with interest due to its unusual sexual system, protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism. While some other taxa of shrimp undergo

sequential hermaphroditism Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is a type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants. Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when the individual changes its sex at some point in its life. In particular, ...

, they have only been observed changing from male to female. In ''Lysmata'', males become true hermaphrodites instead of females. So far, every species studied has been confirmed to have this sexual system. During their "female phase" they actually have functioning male and female tissues in their

gonads A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. The male gonad, the testicle, produces sper ...

and produce both types of

gamete A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce ...

. When paired, they take turns fertilizing each other's eggs. ''Lysmata'' occur in the

tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referr ...

and in warmer

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout ...

waters. They usually live on rock and

coral reef A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. C ...

s, in shallow and deeper areas. Some live in

sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate throug ...

Species

''Lysmata'' contains the following species: *''

Lysmata amboinensis ''Lysmata amboinensis'' is an omnivorous shrimp species known by several common names including the Pacific cleaner shrimp. It is considered a cleaner shrimp as eating parasites and dead tissue from fish makes up a large part of its diet. The sp ...

'' (De Man, 1888) *''

Lysmata anchisteus ''Lysmata'' is a genus of shrimp in the infraorder Caridea, the caridean shrimp. The genus belongs to the family Lysmatidae. ''Lysmata'' are popular ornamental shrimp in the marine aquarium trade for their bright color patterns, interesting beh ...

'' Chace, 1972 *''

Lysmata ankeri ''Lysmata ankeri'' is a species of saltwater shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form of shellfish) with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, alt ...

'' Rhyne & Lin, 2006 *''

Lysmata argentopunctata ''Lysmata'' is a genus of shrimp in the infraorder Caridea, the caridean shrimp. The genus belongs to the family Lysmatidae. ''Lysmata'' are popular ornamental shrimp in the marine aquarium trade for their bright color patterns, interesting beh ...

'' Wicksten, 2000 *''

Lysmata bahia ''Lysmata bahia'' is a species of saltwater shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form of shellfish) with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, alth ...

'' Rhyne & Lin, 2006 *'' Lysmata boggessi'' Rhyne & Lin, 2006 *'' Lysmata californica'' (Stimpson, 1866) *'' Lysmata chica'' Wicksten, 2000 *''

Lysmata debelius ''Lysmata debelius'' is a species of cleaner shrimp indigenous to the Indo-Pacific. It is popular in the aquarium trade, where it is known as the fire shrimp, blood shrimp or scarlet cleaner shrimp. Taxonomy ''Lysmata debelius'' was first desc ...

'' Bruce, 1983 *'' Lysmata dispar'' Hayashi, 2007 *'' Lysmata galapagensis'' Schmitt, 1924 *'' Lysmata grabhami'' (Gordon, 1935) *'' Lysmata gracilirostris'' Wicksten, 2000 *'' Lysmata guamensis'' Anker & Cox, 2011 *'' Lysmata hochi'' Baeza & Anker, 2008 *'' Lysmata holthuisi'' Anker, Baeza & De Grave, 2009 *'' Lysmata intermedia'' (Kingsley, 1878) *'' Lysmata jundalini'' Rhyne, Calado & Santos, 2012 *'' Lysmata kempi'' Chace, 1997 *'' Lysmata kuekenthali'' (De Man, 1902) *'' Lysmata lipkei'' Okuno & Fiedler, 2011 *'' Lysmata moorei'' (Rathbun, 1901) *'' Lysmata morelandi'' (Yaldwyn, 1971) *'' Lysmata multiscissa'' (Nobili, 1904) *'' Lysmata nayaritensis'' Wicksten, 2000 *'' Lysmata nilita'' P. F. R. Dohrn & Holthuis, 1950 *'' Lysmata olavoi'' Fransen, 1991 *'' Lysmata pederseni'' Rhyne & Lin, 2006 *'' Lysmata philippinensis'' Chace, 1997 *'' Lysmata porteri'' (Rathbun, 1907) *''

Lysmata rafa ''Lysmata'' is a genus of shrimp in the infraorder Caridea, the caridean shrimp. The genus belongs to the family Lysmatidae. ''Lysmata'' are popular ornamental shrimp in the marine aquarium trade for their bright color patterns, interesting be ...

'' Rhyne & Anker, 2007 *'' Lysmata rathbunae'' Chace, 1970 *'' Lysmata rauli'' Laubenheimer & Rhyne, 2010 *'' Lysmata seticaudata'' (Risso, 1816) *'' Lysmata splendida'' Burukovsky, 2000 *'' Lysmata stenolepis'' Crosnier & Forest, 1973 *'' Lysmata ternatensis'' De Man, 1902 *'' Lysmata trisetacea'' (Heller, 1861) *''

Lysmata udoi ''Lysmata'' is a genus of shrimp in the infraorder Caridea, the caridean shrimp. The genus belongs to the family Lysmatidae. ''Lysmata'' are popular ornamental shrimp in the marine aquarium trade for their bright color patterns, interesting beh ...

'' Baeza, Bolaños, Hernandez & López, 2009 *'' Lysmata uncicornis'' Holthuis & Maurin, 1952 *'' Lysmata vittata'' (Stimpson, 1860) *'' Lysmata wurdemanni'' (Gibbes, 1850) *'' Lysmata zacae'' Armstrong, 1941

Notes

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q140269 Alpheoidea